AP Psych Unit 2 Practice

Madeline has previously been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. She has an identical twin sister, Josephine, and a nonidentical sister, Abigail. Neither of Madeline's sisters have previously been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Which of the following statements is true of Madeline's sisters?

Josephine is more likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder than Abigail in response to a stressful or traumatic event

Which hormone is released when a person is under stress?

Cortisol

The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called

a dendrite

An adult with a healthy sleep cycle is most likely to enter REM sleep

after cycling through the NREM sleep stages

Which chemical is most closely associated with sleep?

melatonin

During neural firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is

myelin sheath

The fatty casing that helps speed up the neural transmissions of a neuron is called the

myelin sheath

A drug that is used to treat seizures functions by preventing inhibitory neurotransmitters from returning to the presynaptic neuron. This slows the rate of neurons firing by increasing the amount of the inhibitory neurotransmitter in the synapse. The drug is likely to be classified as a

GABA reuptake inhibitor (GRI)

The person most strongly associated with identifying deficits in the motor speech area and in the ability to produce speech is

Paul Broca

The idea that there is a part of the mind that is not directly accessible to awareness but still drives a person's thinking and behavior is most directly attributable to

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following describes what happens when a neuron sends a signal?

The neuron goes from being negatively charged to briefly being positively charged, and finally returns to being negatively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge is fixed regardless of the strength of the input signal it receives

If a body does not enough potassium, how might that affect neural firing?

The neurons will struggle to fire because there will not be enough positively charged ions to trigger the firing of the neuron

Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety?

The sympathetic nervous system

At a synapse, neurotransmitters released by the sending neuron do which of the following?

They bind to receptors at the receiving neuron, which opens ion channels

What effect do agonists have?

They increase the likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will fire

A neuron sends a signal along its

axon

Antagonists function by

blocking receptors to prevent other neurotransmitters from binding to the neural receptors

The medulla oblongata is a part of the

brain stem

The psychodynamic theory of dreaming would postulate that

dreams fulfill unconscious wishes

The hormone most associated with the flight or fight response is

epinephrine

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in

experiencing pain

A person whose body is not producing enough testosterone is most likely to exhibit

fatigue

Johnny often hits his brother even though his brother does not do anything to antagonize him. Johnny's aggression is most likely due to a combination of

his genetic makeup, the environment he grew up in, and the fact that aggression can be evolutionary adaptive

The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the

hypothalamus

Brain lateralization refers to the

inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

Which of the following is true about the pons?

it is the region of the brain that is most closely associated with sleep and arousal

Which of the following best describes a major role of the thalamus?

it relays most sensory signals to the cortex

Carl Wernicke discovered the region of the brain that is responsible for

language comprehension

Ruth and Debbie are identical twins who were raised by the same family. Vince and Frankie are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised by different families. According to research on the heritability of personality traits, Ruth's and Debbie's personalities are statistically

likely to be as similar and dissimilar to one another as are Vince's and Frankie's personalities

The parietal lobe is most involved in

processing sensory information

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called

reuptake

Waking up frequently, loud snoring, silent pauses in breathing, and sleepiness during the day are symptoms of

sleep apnea

Michael Gazzaniga is best known for

studying split-brain patients

Abnormalities in calcium regulation are most likely to arise from problems with

the parathyroid gland

The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as

the refractory period

The phenomenon of declining physiological effects of taking a drug after sustained use is referred to as

tolerance