AP Psych: Unit 6 LearningCurve Questions

D

According to B. F. Skinner, which of the following alternatives to punishment represents the BEST method for reducing an undesirable behavior? A) Because of his unruly behavior, Ron is told that he will not be eligible to get gold stars or stickers for his homework. B) Shana and Mia have to stay after school because they talk too much during class. C) Mary is picked up and cuddled whenever she has a temper tantrum. D) Mark is reinforced for working quietly in class instead of being punished for disrupting class.

A

An experimenter visits a preschool with a big box of magic markers and paper. The children are told that they can draw as many pictures as they want. The children enjoyed the task very much. On another visit the children are told that for every picture they draw they would earn a prize. Two weeks later when the experimenter returned he offered up the markers and papers for play but no prizes would be given. The children played very little with the markers because: A) extrinsic rewards can undermine intrinsic motivation. B) of the law of effect. C) the rewards were no longer reinforcing. D) extrinsic rewards can undermine intrinsic motivation.

D

Anne has been working nights and weekends to get a project completed at work. She is successful, and a couple of weeks later she comes into work and her boss presents her with a bonus check. This best illustrates the value of: A) negative reinforcement. B) partial reinforcement. C) primary reinforcement. D) positive reinforcement.

C

Because she is responsible for overseeing the servicing and repair of her company's fleet of cars, Rhonda frequently calls the garage mechanic to inquire whether service on various cars has been completed. Because service completion times are unpredictable, she is likely to be reinforced with positive responses to her inquiries on a _____ schedule. A) variable-ratio B) fixed-ratio C) variable-interval D) fixed-interval

D

Children who have fathers who are incarcerated for committing violent crimes are at high risk for following the same path in life, unless the child is adopted near the time of his birth. Then, he is no more at risk for violence than the average child. This difference in outcome can be attributed to _____. A) classical conditioning B) instincts C) punishment D) observational learning

D

Conditioned taste aversions demonstrate: A) that any neutral stimulus is capable of becoming a conditioned stimulus. B) the power of punishment to suppress behavior. C) that the interval between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus must be only a few seconds, or classical conditioning will not occur. D) that certain stimuli are easier to associate than others because of biological constraints on conditioning.

A

Every time Martin opens the cabinet where he stores his dog's treats his dog begins to bark in anticipation. This is an example of: A) associative learning. B) observational learning. C) respondent behavior. D) spontaneous recovery.

C

Henry, a heavy smoker, is interested in quitting. Given what is known about the cognitive processes involved in classical conditioning, what is the MOST likely reason he still has trouble quitting after he is treated with a drug that induces nausea when he smokes a cigarette? A) He is afraid of the side effects of the drug. B) Reinforcement does not work as well as punishment. C) He realizes his nausea is due to the drug, not simply the cigarette. D) The nausea does not immediately follow his inhalation of the smoke.

D

In Laurie's psychology laboratory she and her lab partner conditioned a rat to press a lever for food when a red light was on, but discovered that the rat would also press the lever when a white light was on. Laurie and her partner reported that the rat had exhibited _____ through _____ conditioning. A) extinction; operant B) acquisition; operant C) spontaneous recovery; classical D) generalization; operant

A

In classical conditioning _____ is associating events where the CS announces the US, while in operant conditioning it is associating a response with a consequence (reinforcer or punisher). A) acquisition B) generalization C) spontaneous recovery D) extinction

D

Irene is having trouble convincing her husband that spanking isn't necessarily the best way to control their child's behavior. Which of the following arguments should she use to support her position? A) Spanking will teach a child how to behave appropriately. B) Parents who spank are more effective parents. C) Spanking will help the child reduce his or her own aggressive behavior in the future. D) When spanked, children do not forget the punished behavior. They simply suppress it, and are not taught what behavior to exhibit in its place.

D

It is well known that the great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans) have a culture in their living groups, as they pass on skills to one another across generations. This is done through _____. A) operant conditioning B) classical conditioning C) reinforcement D) observational learning

B

Jack finds it extremely difficult to pull himself away from the blackjack table. He keeps thinking he will break even as the next hand will be his winning one. This is a _____ schedule. A) fixed-interval B) variable-ratio C) variable-interval D) fixed-ratio

C

Jane had leukemia as a child and had to undergo numerous bouts of chemotherapy. The chemotherapy always made her nauseous. As she underwent a year of treatment, the waiting room started to make her nauseous. The nausea from the waiting room is the: A) neutral stimulus. B) conditioned stimulus. C) conditioned response. D) unconditioned response.

B

Jeff's psychology assignment is to observe and list any behaviors of his relatives that indicate learning. Which of the following should be included on his list? A) Jeff's mother forgets her keys. B) Jeff's little brother whines whenever he wants something. C) Jeff's father falls asleep watching TV. D) Jeff's sister bumps into a door when she has a high fever.

D

Jennifer trained her dog to howl when it heard her play the piano by giving it a treat for doing so. One day, Jennifer played a CD in her car of a piano concerto and her dog began to howl. The dog learned to howl through _____ and also demonstrated _____ of a learned response. A) classical conditioning; discrimination B) classical conditioning; generalization C) observational learning; discrimination D) operant conditioning; generalization

D

Jill is learning how to play tennis. For her first lesson, her instructor models serving and backhand returns while Jill patiently watches. Jill then tries to imitate the sequence of swings and motions made by her instructor. Which of the following concepts best describes how Jill is learning to play tennis? A) operant conditioning B) classical conditioning C) latent learning D) observational learning

D

Jim and Laurie hosted some friends over for a cook-out. One of the visiting couples had a three-year-old daughter, Bethany, who was playing with Jim and Laurie's three-year-old-daughter Kirsten. While the food was being set out Bethany noticed some cookies were being placed on the table and requested a cookie. Bethany's parents said no which caused Bethany to throw a tantrum. Bethany's parents gave Bethany a cookie so she would stop the tantrum. All of this took place while Kirsten was watching. The next day Jim and Laurie were preparing dinner and Kirsten requested a cookie and she was told she could have a cookie, but not until after dinner. Kirsten then proceeded to throw a tantrum which she had never done before. Kirsten's behavior can be explained through which kind of learning? A) classical conditioning B) latent learning C) operant conditioning D) observational learning

C

John just started his vacation from work and scheduled a tee time with friends to play golf Monday morning. On Monday morning he started driving his car to work instead of the golf course. Driving his car to work instead of the golf course is an example of: A) instinct. B) adaptability. C) habitual behavior. D) spontaneous recovery.

D

Leonard is a heroin addict. He is very careful about overdosing. He typically shoots up in his basement apartment, but is now at a friend's house and needs a fix really badly. He's never done drugs at his friend's house before, but he's desperate. He injects his normal safe dosage of heroin but almost dies of an overdose. According to the principles of classical conditioning, what happened? A) Leonard's friend switched his drugs in order to teach him not to use drugs by switching his US with his CS. B) Leonard's drug tolerance had reached its limits thus his US was confounded with his CS and UR. C) Leonard took his dose too soon and his body already had too much. D) The effect of the heroin was increased because Leonard injected it in a strange environment and his body could not use the stimuli in his basement to prepare for it.

B

Marcus is taking advanced placement chemistry in high school because he loves science and is fascinated by chemistry experimentation. Wade is taking advanced placement chemistry because his guidance counselor told him he had to if he intended to apply to a pre-med program at a competitive university. Marcus is motivated by _____, while Wade is motivated by _____. A) basic needs; self-actualization B) intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation C) extrinsic motivation; intrinsic motivation D) physiological needs; self-actualizing needs

C

Marlee was raped at gunpoint in a parking garage. Her attacker was wearing strong cologne, and she now refuses to go through the male fragrance department at the department store, will not be alone by herself with any man, and will not park in any garages. This reaction best illustrates: A) an unconditioned response (UR). B) operant conditioning. C) generalization. D) discrimination.

C

Marshall ate a hamburger he purchased from his favorite fast food restaurant. An hour later his stomach became very upset and he spent the rest of the evening vomiting. A week later he entered the restaurant and immediately became nauseous when he saw a hamburger. Marshall's nausea when he saw the hamburger is an example of: A) observational learning. B) imitation. C) classical conditioning. D) operant conditioning.

C

People have been observed to form negative attitudes toward Pokemon characters that were repeatedly shown with negative words and images next to them. This best illustrates the impact of: A) spontaneous recovery. B) the law of effect. C) classical conditioning. D) negative reinforcers.

D

Ray drank too much tequila last night. He spent much of this morning vomiting and nauseated. According to the principles of classical conditioning, how will Ray likely react today when he tastes or smells the tequila bottle that he drank out of last night? A) He will find the scent and taste more appealing than before. B) He will want to drink more tequila right away. C) He will invite all of his friends over that night for another party. D) He will find the scent and taste of tequila aversive.

A

Researchers are conducting a study with a group of men on the effects of movies and sexual violence. They will have the men watch three violent films over the next two days and then assess their attitudes toward women and violent sexual acts by reading actual cases of rape victims. They find that the men: A) expressed less sympathy for the rape victims. B) expressed more sympathy for the rape victims. C) became more empathic toward the rape victims. D) became emotional about the violence and victims.

A

Researchers have found that classical conditioning can be used to produce an immune response in patients. Of the following pairings, which would be the most likely to produce this response? A) lemonade with the immune enhancing drug B) minor electric shock with the immune enhancing drug C) immune enhancing drug followed by a tone D) immune enhancing drug followed by a puff of air into the eye

C

Road construction prevents Binit from getting to campus using the route that he always travels. He thinks about the situation for a moment and then comes up with a different route to take. To figure out this alternative route, Binit is using his _____ of the area to devise a different route. A) stimulus discrimination B) spontaneous recovery C) cognitive map D) positive reinforcement

A

Scott received a great money-saving credit card offer in the mail complete with a frequent-flyer reward program. He reads on further to find that the one mile for every dollar spent may not be such a great offer after all because he gets a $500 airline ticket only after he acquires 25,000 miles or spend $25,000. This is a _____ schedule. A) fixed-ratio B) variable-ratio C) variable-interval D) fixed-interval

C

Teaching a dog to touch a target with its nose is fairly easy, because it works with the dog's _____. A) sense of smell B) communication skills C) natural instinct D) social interests

B

Ted is a mildly autistic adult who has difficulty empathizing with the feelings of others and inferring what emotions another person might be experiencing. Some theorists would speculate that this is because Ted has: A) an inability to learn through classical conditioning. B) a broken mirror neuron system. C) an inability to learn through operant conditioning. D) damage to the hippocampus.

A

The process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses is called: A) conditioning. B) Extinction C) spontaneous recovery. D) observational learning.

B

This is the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response. A) negative conditioning B) spontaneous recovery C) generalization D) acquisition

A

Tina's goal is to raise children who enjoy playing musical instruments. Given what is known about observational learning, which of the following would be recommended to her? A) Tina should play her own musical instrument in front of her children. B) Tina should punish her children if they refuse to practice playing an instrument. C) Tina should give her children money to play an instrument. D) Tina should deny her children toys and only give them musical instruments.

B

While 5-year-old Martha was looking at one of the balloons her mother set out for her birthday, Martha's brother Timmy took a pin and popped the balloon causing Martha to flinch and blink quickly. Later during the party Martha's mother approached her with a balloon and she blinked and flinched. This is an example of: A) operant conditioning. B) classical conditioning. C) latent learning. D) observational learning.