AP Psych Unit 7
Which of the following statements about automatic processing or effortful processing is true?
Automatic processing requires little mental effort.
Which statement best describes the research consensus on intelligence scores of males and females?
differences in overall intelligence are explained by the stereotype threat.
According to Benjamin Whorfs linguistic relativity hypothesis, which of the following is true?
different languages predispose those individuals who speak them to think about the world in different ways
a researcher asks two Different groups their opinion about how much money the president should earn per year. Participants in group one or asked: "should the president earn more or less than $200,000 per year? How much should he or she earned?" Participants in group 2 are asked: "should the president earn more or less than $2 million per year? How much should he or she earn?" The researcher find that participants in group 2 or more likely to suggest that the president should make more than $1 million per year. The researcher is investigating the effects of which of the following?
proactive interference
two year old mica tells her grandmother that the new couch "costed" too much. the scenario illustrates that children
overgeneralize the use of grammatical rules
Which of the following categories did Sternberg propose that contributed to intelligence?
Practical intelligence, creative intelligence, verbal skills
the vietnamese language has the sound that goes with the letters NG at the beginning pf words, including names. americans have difficulty hearing and speaking that sound. that sound is a kind of
phoneme
Which of the following illustrates the primacy effect?
Susam left his grocery list at home and can remember only the first two items on the list.
If Jess has a type of amnesia that affects the formation of explicit memories but not implicit ones, which of the following will she be most likely to remember?
The arm position to throw the ball
Which of the following scenarios is best explained by long-term potentiation?
The first time Colleen tries to remember Leo's name it takes her a long time, but over time she remembers it more quickly.
when confronted with the sequence "_N_" at the end of a word in a crossword puzzle, tony inserts the letter I and G in the two blanks because that procedure has led to the correct answer in previous puzzles, this example illustrates teh use of
an algorithm
The fact that Lori finds herself thinking about dogs and other pets after seeing a cat is evidence that human memory is organized into
an association network
A mental set is
an established way of thinking about or perceiving something
While reading a novel at a rate of nearly 500 words per minute, Megan effortlessly understands almost every word. This ability highlights the importance of
automatic processing
Vandana, a 12-month-old infant, is listening to her father talk to her and suddenly repeats a word that he just said. Her father praises her and gives her a cookie. After she gets the cookie, she repeats the word again. Vandana's behavior can be best explained by using the theory of
behaviorism
For a person planning to hold a party outside, an example of the predictable-world bias would be
believing that nice weather is due this year because it rained a lot the last three years
A teenager believes very strongly that a particular basketball player should not play on his favorite team. Over the course of the season, the teenager focuses on every mistake, turnover, and missed shot the player makes. However, the team does not notice how well the player passes, helps the other teammates, and rebounds. this teenagers behavior illustrates which of the following?
confirmation bias
students often remember more information from a course that spans an entire semester than from a course that is completed in an intensive three week learning period. this best illustrates the importance of
distributed practice
noam chomsky's view of language proposes that
people have an inherent language acquisition device
When Loftus and Palmer asked observers of a filmed car accident how fast the vehicles were going when they "smashed" into each other, the observers developed memories of the accident that
portrayed the event as more serious than it had actually been.
Rachel is taking the ACT for the third time in the hopes of improving her score by five points so that she can attend the school of her choice. When she receives her test results, she finds that she has received exactly the same scores the first two times she took the ACT. Which of the following best explains rachel's score
test-retest reliability
A researcher wanted to test the psychometric properties of a new intelligence test for children. She administered the test twice, two months apart, to children in a fourth-grade classroom. On the second administration, she noticed that the children who performed well were not the same children who performed well on the first administration and that there appeared to be no relationship between student performance on the first and second administration of the test. Based on this scenario, the psychological construct missing from this intelligence test is
test-retest reliability, because the researcher is administering the same test twice
John went to the beach for vacation shortly after having watched a documentary film about shark attacks. Overestimating the possibility of encountering a shark in the water, he decided to spend the day sunbathing and reading instead of going for a swim. John's reasoning can be explained through
the availability heuristic
To remember a list of words, Jerry tries walking through his bedroom and making associations between words on the list and various areas he visits in his bedroom. Jerry is trying to improve his memory encoding by using
the method of loci
which of the following best describes explicit memories?
the result of effortful processing
Austin can't remember Jack Smith's name because he wasn't paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin's poor memory is best explained in terms of
encoding failure
Mary has an IQ score within one standard deviation above the mean score. This indicates her score was
within the middle 68% of people who took the test
Arthur is helping his friend set up her new phone. Arthur has never used this type of phone, but he uses his knowledge of setting up his own phone to help figure out how to use the new phone. According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Arthur is using which type of intelligence?
Creative intelligence
A teenager was given a new phone as a gift and thought the old phone should be thrown away, not realizing that the old phone could be used as a music player to avoid taking up space on the new phone. This example illustrates
functional fixedness
group 1 is asked to write down the names of seven deadly sins. group 2 is asked to look at a list of possible names of the sins and circle the correct seven. why might group 2 be ore likely to recall more sins?
groups 2's list provides more retrieval cues, making this recognition task easier for them.
Unlike implicit memories, explicit memories are processed by the
hippocampus
Which of the following psychologists is best associated with studying the function of memory?
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Rats given a drug that enhances long-term potentiation (LTP) will learn a maze with half the usual number of mistakes. This suggests that
LTP provides a neural basis for learning and remembering associations
Which of the following researchers conducted a longitudinal study on gifted individuals to determine if their lives were more satisfying than others
Lewis Terman
An example of state-dependent memory is
Tommy finding it easier to remember the materials on an exam while taking it because he was sad while studying for the exam
Walking into your bedroom you think, "I need to get my backpack in the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by
context-dependent memory
Explicit memories are
created in the hippocampus
of the following, which is the best example of divergent thinking in problem solving?
focusing on ideas within a category of associated solutions
Consolidation can be described as the process of
long-term memories being formed from short-term memories
A teacher asks Yvonne to go to another classroom to get a student whom Yvonne has never met. As she walks, she repeats the student's name to herself over and over to help her remember. Yvonne is boosting her memory by using
maintenance rehearsal
When Paula takes her AP psychology exam, the proctor reads from a set of instructions, which all students are told to follow precisely. Her friend taking the same exam at the same time in a different location was given the same instructions. Which of the following is best described in the scenario?
standardization
Sometimes people who speak different languages are in a community together and must develop a way of communicating. Similarly, their offspring must also find a way to communicate. The main difference between the speech of the first generation and the speech of the second generation is
the speech of the second generation tends to have more complex grammar rules
iconic memory is to echoic memory as
visual stimulation is to auditory stimulation
Which of the following is most likely to be a false memory?
A young child's memory of a day at the beach
Professor Gustafson is developing a new intelligence test and wants to ensure the test has good inter-rater reliability. Which of the following strategies will most directly help him achieve this goal?
Allowing only trained researchers to grade the test, as they will have a good understanding of the proper way to score certain things and will be more likely to agree
An example of a failure of source monitoring is
Amir telling Jorge the same story Jorge told him earlier in the week, because Amir forgot Jorge already told him the story
A logical, systematic procedure for solving a problem is known as
an algorithm
Marie has just celebrated her ninety-second birthday. She is physically healthy and walks 2 miles each day. She lives on her own and still drives short distances, but she is starting to forget where she leaves her glasses and cannot figure out how to work her new security system based on this information only, which of the following may be declining and Marie?
Fluid intelligence
Which of the following examples is most consistent with the theory that executive functioning provides the basis for general intelligence?
Geoff is able to easily remember a long list of instructions after hearing them only once and also scores higher than average on intelligence tests.
Keisha performs well in her geometry course in school, and her classmates often ask her for help with understanding word problems and writing formal proofs. Her friends describe her as very rational and analytical. According to Howard Gardner, which type of intelligence is Keisha most likely to possess?
Logical-mathematical
Which of the following describes the concept of schema?
Marsha thinks the waiter asked her whether she wanted water even though he did not, because she thinks waiters ask patrons whether they want water.
An example of divergent thinking is
Reagan brainstorming as many uses of a toothpick as possible in a two-minute period
An example of using elaborative encoding to improve memory is
Sam remembering which tree is the ginkgo by using the phrase "stinko ginkgo" because the fruit of the ginkgo tree smells bad
David was studying some important historical dates for a test. He noticed that the day and month of one of the dates was the same as his own birthday, and he tried to use that fact to help him remember the date for his test. What is David using to enhance his memory?
Self-reference
Jeanette is curious to see how many numbers she can hold in her mind at once. She asks her friend to test her on lists of random digits to see how many she can remember. Based on what is known about the average limits of short-term memory capacity, what is the most likely number of digits Jeanette will be able to remember?
Seven
Rodrigo's three-year-old sister says the phrase "We goed to the store" instead of "We went to the store." According to Noam Chomsky, what is the best explanation for her behavior?
She is overregularizing her use of the past tense.
they work of Alfred Bennett challenged which approach to intelligence?
Sir Francis Galtons heritability theory
Which of the following is credited with creating the formula below to determine IQ?
William stern
Patrick believes his basketball coach doesn't like him and subsequently focuses on all the times the coach criticizes his playing and ignores all the times the coach praises his performance. Patrick's behavior is best explained by the concept of
confirmation bias
Fluid intelligence Edward has gathered research on 200 sets of identical twins raised apart. Those studies have led him to believe that intelligence is 75% genetics. While he cannot say for a single individual a percentage of intelligence which is attributable to genetics, Edward is trying to identify the ______ of intelligence
heritability
Which of the following is an example of metacognition
knowing the effectiveness of different study strategies for different courses for ones own brain
Short-term memory is best described as
memory that can hold only a small amount of information
