AP Psych VII test

Some people are unable to arrange six matches to form four equilateral triangles because they fail to consider a three-dimensional arrangement. This best illustrates the effects of ________ on problem solving.

fixations

The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to

save time in arriving at solutions to problems.

The magical number 7, plus or minus two refers to the storage capacity of

Short term

To find hot sauce in large grocery store, hughbert could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates the problem of solving by means of

An algorithm

University students were asked to figure out the rule used to devise the 3 number sequence 2-4-6. After generating sets of 3 numbers to learn whether their sets met the rule, they typically convinced themselves of the wrong rule. Their errors best illustrated the impact of

Comfirmaton bias

Hughbert was feeling depressed at the time he read a chapter of his history textbook. Hughbert is likely to recall best the contents of that chapter when he is

Depressed

Hughbie so easily remembers his old girlfriends telephone number fhat he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriends number. Hughbies difficulty best illustrates

Proactive interference

Dr. Hughbertaki prefers to give his students all essay and fill-in the blank questions in order to fully test their

Recall

A $100 coat marked down from $150 can seem like a better deal than the same coat priced regularly at $100. This best illustrates the importance of

framing

By creating an outline in which specific facts and theories are located within the larger framework of major topics and subtopics, Jasmine can remember much more of what she reads in her textbooks. This best illustrates the benefits of

hierarchical organization

The finding that people who sleep after learning a list of nonsense syllables forget less than people who stay awake provides evidence that forgetting may involve

interference

Forming many associations between new course material and what you already know is an effective way to build a network of

retrieval cues

To remember the information presented in her psychology textbook, Susan often relates it to her own life experiences. Susan's strategy is an effective memory aid because it facilitates

semantic encoding

explicit memory is to long term memory as echoic memory is to _________ memory

sensory

In Atkinson and shiffrins three stage memory processing model we record information in which order?

sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

Students who review previously learned course material at various times throughout a semester to pass a comprehensive final are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates the value of

spacing effect

The word chimps contains _____ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s)

5/2

Noam Chomsky

Linguist who theorized that humans are born with a predisposition to learn grammar rules, which he called universal grammar

Every day as she walks to school, Mamie passes a mural painted on the side of a building. However, when asked, she says she does not remember ever seeing it. Which of the following is the best explanation for this occurrence?

Mamie has not paid attention to the incoming information so it was not encoded into long-term memory

long-term potentiation refers to

an increase in a neuron's firing potential

Walking into your bedroom you think, "I need to get my backpack in the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by

context effects

By presenting research participants with three rows of three letters each for only a fraction of a second, Sperling demonstrated that people have ________ memory.

iconic

Smokers with a greater fear of flying than of smoking's toxicity best illustrate that we often have a greater fear of risks that are

immediate

Participants in one experiment were given entirely fabricated accounts of an occasion in which they had been lost in a shopping mall during their childhood. Many of these participants later falsely recollected vivid details of the experience as having actually occurred. This experiment best illustrated

misinformation effect

When someone mentions Ivy League colleges, Trisha immediately thinks of Harvard University. In this instance, Harvard University is a

prototype

The tendency to conclude that a person who likes to read poetry is more likely to be a college professor of classics than a truck driver illustrates the use of

representativeness heuristic

effortful processing

requires attention and conscious awareness to get information into the memory system

After hearing stories of things they both had and had not actually experienced with "Mr. Science," preschool children spontaneously recalled him doing things that were only mentioned in the stories. This best illustrates

source amnesia

linguistic influence

the idea that language affects thought

Encoding

the process of getting information into the memory system

storage

the process of retaining encoded information that has entered our memory system for an extended period of time

Although mr. mchughbertson has recently learned to play poker quite well, he cannot consciously remember ever having played poker. It is likely that he has suffered damage to his

Hippocampus

On the telephone, hughbertina rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for hughbie to bring home from the store. Immediately after hearing the list, hughbie attempts to write down the items. He is most likely to forget the items

In the middle of the list

Which of the following offers the best explanation for infantile amnesia

The hippocampus is one of the last brain structures to mature.

While your Mom is lecturing you about cleaning your room, you lose concentration. Then, suddenly you hear the significant words, "no car keys." When she asks, "Are you listening to me?" you are able to repeat the last few things she said before mentioning car keys. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Words stored in echoic memory will last for 3 to 4 seconds, so you can still recall her words.

Hughbert has to make an important phone call. unfortunately his cell phone is not charged so has to use his land line, which does not store phone numbers. To make the call, he has to get the number from his cell phone and remember it long enough to dial t on his land line

Working memory

A single, memorable case of welfare fraud can have a greater impact on people's estimates of welfare abuse than do statistics showing that this case is actually the exception to the rule. This illustrates that judgments are influenced by the:

availability heuristic

Despite overwhelming and highly publicized evidence that Senator McEwan was guilty of serious political corruption and misconduct, many who had supported her in past elections remained convinced of her political integrity. Their reaction best illustrates

belief perseverance

When Loftus and Palmer asked observers of a filmed car accident how fast the vehicles were going when they "smashed" into each other, the observers developed memories of the accident that

portrayed the event as more serious than it had actually been.

A European visitor to the United States asked a taxi driver, "Can you please a ride to the airport me give?" This visitor has apparently not yet mastered the ________ of the English language.

syntax