AP Psychology Chapter 16 - Social Psych

Rhonda has just learned that her neighbor Patricia was involved in an automobile accident at a nearby intersection. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error may lead Rhonda to conclude A) "Patricia's recklessness has finally gotten her into trouble." B) "Patricia's brakes must have failed." C) "They need to improve the visibility at that corner." D) "Patricia's children probably distracted her." E) "The road must have been wet and slippery."

A) "Patricia's recklessness has finally gotten her into trouble."

The tragic murder of Kitty Genovese outside her New York apartment stimulated social psychological research on A) altruism. B) the mere exposure effect. C) the fundamental attribution error. D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. E) the effects of exposure to violent pornography.

A) altruism.

Anton is the only juror to favor acquittal on a murder trial. To influence the majority he should A) express some uncertainty about his position. B) be self-confident and consistent in expressing his viewpoint. C) be the last member to speak and present his argument as briefly as possible. D) address his arguments specifically to the member of the majority who seems most disagreeable. E) find out whether fellow jurors have similar backgrounds.

A) express some uncertainty about his position.

Students who were told that a young woman had been instructed to act in a very unfriendly way for the purposes of the experiment concluded that her behavior A) reflected her personal disposition. B) was situationally determined. C) demonstrated role-playing. D) illustrated normative social influence. E) was the product of deindividuation.

A) reflected her personal disposition.

The text indicates that the clusters of suicides that sometimes follow a highly publicized suicide may be the result of A) suggestibility. B) the bystander effect. C) deindividuation. D) social facilitation. E) attribution error.

A) suggestibility.

The best explanation for the inaction of bystanders during the Kitty Genovese murder is that they failed to A) experience any empathy for a stranger. B) assume personal responsibility for helping the victim. C) realize that the incident was really an emergency situation. D) notice that the incident was taking place. E) act on their empathetic feelings.

B) assume personal responsibility for helping the victim.

Feeling responsible for behavior that violates our conscience is most likely to contribute to A) the bystander effect. B) cognitive dissonance. C) the fundamental attribution error. D) group polarization. E) social loafing.

B) cognitive dissonance.

Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to A) perform a complex task more poorly when others are present. B) exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal. C) exert less effort when they are paid by the hour, not by the amount of work completed. D) become more distracted from their tasks when working with friends than when working with strangers. E) stop working once they reaching their goal.

B) exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal.

Cross-cultural research on gender relatives indicates that A) the majority of the world's children without basic schooling are boys. B) in most countries men and women share equally in the duties of child-rearing. C) people perceive their fathers as more intelligent than their mothers despite gender equality in intelligence scores. D) there is little evidence that females are more likely to be aborted than males. E) women are more likely than man to engage in multi-tasking behaviors and are more capable of performing these kinds of tasks.

B) in most countries men and women share equally in the duties of child-rearing.

A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage A) altruism. B) nonconformity. C) ingroup bias. D) groupthink. E) superordinate goals.

B) nonconformity.

Luella publicly agrees with her seventh-grade classmates that parents should allow 13-year-olds to date. Later that day, she writes in her diary that she actually believes parent should prohibit kids from dating until they are at least 15 years old. Luella's public conformity to her classmates' opinion best illustrates the power of A) deindividuation. B) normative social influence. C) the mere exposure effect. D) informational social influence. E) social facilitation.

B) normative social influence.

The two-factor theory of emotion has been used to explain A) the bystander effect. B) passionate love. C) social facilitation. D) the mere exposure effect. E) the just-world phenomenon.

B) passionate love.

The experience of empathy is most directly facilitated by A) the bystander effect. B) the chameleon effect. C) the mere exposure effect. D) mirror-image perceptions. E) social facilitation.

B) the chameleon effect.

In 1963, President John F. Kennedy announced to the then Soviet Union that the United States would discontinue all atmospheric nuclear test. The Soviet's positive response to this conciliatory gesture illustrated the potential value of A) mirror-image perceptions. B) the mere exposure effect. C) GRIT. D) the just-world phenomenon. E) superordinate goals.

C) GRIT.

A life insurance salesperson who takes advantage of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon would be most likely to A) emphasize that his company is one of the largest in the insurance industry. B) promise a free gift to those who agree to purchase an insurance policy. C) ask customers to respond to a brief survey of their attitudes regarding life insurance. D) address customers by their first names. E) meet potential customers by paying them an unexpected visit at their homes.

C) ask customers to respond to a brief survey of their attitudes regarding life insurance.

Equity and self-disclosure are important to the development of A) groupthink. B) deindividuation. C) compassionate love. D) social facilitation. E) ingroup bias.

C) compassionate love.

Orville thinks his girlfriend derives more benefits from their relationship than he does, even though he contributes more to the relationship. Orville most clearly believes that their relationship lacks A) self-disclosure. B) romantic love. C) equity. D) superordinate goals. E) passionate love.

C) equity.

Compared with their nonplaying counterparts, kids who play a lot of violent video games have been found to A) experience fewer angry feelings. B) see the real world as less dangerous. C) get into more arguments and fights. D) earn better grades in school. E) experience less fear in stressful situations.

C) get into more arguments and fights.

The ingroup is the set of people with whom we share a common A) social norm. B) dispositional attribution. C) identity. D) situational attribution. E) genetic predisposition.

C) identity.

Six-year-old Ezra believes that boys are better than girls, while 5-year-old Arlette believes that girls are better than boys. Their beliefs most clearly illustrate A) the reciprocity norm. B) deindividuation. C) ingroup bias. D) the mere exposure effect. E) the fundamental attribution error.

C) ingroup bias.

Parents who discipline their children with beatings are often teaching aggression through the process of A) social facilitation. B) deindividuation. C) modeling. D) cognitive dissonance. E) attachment theory.

C) modeling.

Kentaro hates to wear ties but wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid his family's disapproval. Kentaro's behavior exemplifies the importance of A) the mere exposure effect. B) informational social influence. C) normative social influence. D) social facilitation. E) the reciprocity norm.

C) normative social influence.

Our first impressions of those we meet are most likely to be determined by their A) attitudes. B) intelligence. C) physical appearance. D) superordinate goals. E) emotional intelligence.

C) physical appearance.

After giving in to her friends' request that she drink alcohol with them, 16-year-old Jessica found that she couldn't resist the pressure they exerted on her to try heroin. Her experience best illustrates A) ingroup bias. B) the mere exposure effect. C) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. D) the fundamental attribution error. E) the bystander effect.

C) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

An increased liking for an unfamiliar stimulus following repeated experience with it is known as A) social facilitation. B) compassionate love. C) the mere exposure effect. D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. E) mirror-image perceptions.

C) the mere exposure effect.

Pablo and Sabina argued bitterly about which of them should have use of the family car that night. Neither realized, however, that Sabina needed the car only in the early evening and that Pablo only in the late evening. Pablo and Sabina's failure to resolve their argument for their mutual benefit best illustrates the dangers of A) superordinate goals. B) the mere exposure effect. C) ingroup bias. D) a win-lose orientation. E) GRIT.

D) a win-lose orientation.

Verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of A) a dispositional attribution. B) prejudice. C) deindividuation. D) aggression. E) mere exposure effect.

D) aggression.

In Milgram's first study of obedience, the majority of "teachers" who were ordered to shock a "leaner" A) refused to deliver even slight levels of shock. B) initially complied but refused to deliver more than slight levels of shock. C) complied until ordered to deliver intense levels of shock. D) complied fully and delivered the highest level of shock. E) refused to deliver shocks to all participants who expressed doubt about the experiment.

D) complied fully and delivered the highest level of shock.

When New York University women were dressed in Ku Klux Kan-style hoods, they demonstrated significantly more aggression. This finding is best explained in terms of A) social facilitation. B) modeling. C) groupthink. D) deindividuation. E) ingroup bias.

D) deindividuation.

The tendency for initial compliance with a small request to facilitate subsequent compliance with a larger request is known as the A) mere exposure effect. B) fundamental attribution error. C) reciprocity norm. D) foot-in-the-door phenomenon. E) bystander effect.

D) foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

Professor Maslova attends faculty meetings simply to gain the approval of the college dean. Professor Maslova's behavior exemplifies the importance of A) ingroup bias. B) informational social influence. C) social facilitation. D) normative social influence. E) deindividuation.

D) normative social influence.

Government officials who emphasized that African-Americans are personally responsible for the economic disadvantaged position of their ethnic group are most likely to promote A) deindividuation. B) mirror-image perceptions. C) the social responsibility norm. D) prejudice. E) conciliation.

D) prejudice.

Vanna is tempted to shoplift a gold necklace even though she has negative feelings about shoplifting. Vanna is least likely to steal the merchandise if A) her negative feeling about shoplifting result from normative social influence. B) she is suffering the effects of deindividuation. C) her negative feelings about stealing were developed in her early childhood. D) she is highly aware of her negative feelings about shoplifting. E) she has recently shoplifted jewelry from several different stores.

D) she is highly aware of her negative feelings about shoplifting.

The tendency for people to exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal is known as A) deindividuation. B) the bystander effect. C) group polarization. D) social loafing. E) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

D) social loafing.

Sherif planned a disruption of the water supply in a Boy Scout camp in order to observe how social relationships are influenced by A) ingroup bias. B) social traps. C) group polarization. D) superordinate goals. E) the mere exposure effect.

D) superordinate goals.

When 68-year-old Mrs. Blake had a flat tire on a fairly isolated highway, she received help from a passerby in less than 10 minutes. One year later, she had a flat tire on a busy freeway and an hour elapsed before someone finally stopped to offer assistance. Mrs. Blake's experience best illustrates A) the reciprocity norm. B) the mere exposure effect. C) social responsibility. D) the bystander effect. E) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

D) the bystander effect.

Recognizing the powerful impact of social influence on others' behavior is most likely to minimize A) passionate love. B) social facilitation. C) the mere exposure effect. D) the fundamental attribution error. E) overjustificqtion effect.

D) the fundamental attribution error.

Adherence to the reciprocity norm is most relevant to the utility of A) social facilitation. B) superordinate goals. C) the just-world phenomenon. D) the mere exposure effect. E) GRIT.

E) GRIT.

We are likely to prefer as friends those who are similar to us in A) attitude B) intelligence. C) age. D) economic status. E) any of the above areas.

E) any of the above areas.

After Manny's father refused to let him see the family car on Friday night, Manny let all the air out of the tires. His action is best explained in terms of the A) mere exposure effect. B) foot-in-the-door phenomenon. C) fundamental attribution error. D) bystander effect. E) frustration-aggression principle.

E) frustration-aggression principle.

Mrs. Crane frequently thinks she has to shout at her husband in order to get his attention, but he thinks she yells because she's angry. Mr. Crane typically feels he has to shout back at his wife in order to defend himself, but she thinks his screaming proves that he's hostile. This couple's experience best illustrates A) scapegoating. B) deindividuation. C) the reciprocity norm. D) superordinate goals. E) mirror-image perceptions.

E) mirror-image perceptions.

An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members is called A) scapegoating. B) deindividuation. C) groupthink. D) discrimination. E) prejudice.

E) prejudice.

When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk in apparent discomfort, he prepared to offer help. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in A) the mere exposure effect. B) the fundamental attribution error. C) social loafing. D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. E) the bystander effect.

E) the bystander effect.

If one student in a classroom begins to cough, other are likely to do the same. This best illustrates A) deindividuation. B) ingroup bias. C) the mere exposure effect. D) the bystander effect. E) the chameleon effect.

E) the chameleon effect.

The gradually escalating levels of destructive obedience in the Milgram experiments best illustrate one of the potential dangers of A) deindividuation. B) social facilitation. C) the bystander effect. D) the fundamental attribution error. E) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

E) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.