AP Psychology Chapter 2-7 Exam Review

the annual earnings of five employees of concard inc. are $19,000, $19,000, $23,000, $24,000 and $450,000. the mode of these five earnings is? (ch.2) a. $19,000 b.$23,000 c. $450,000 d. $107,000

a. $19,000

sasha, a researcher, is working on a project on the human brain. part of her research requires her to place electrodes on the scalps of her subjects to study their brain-wave activity. in this scenario, sasha is most likely using. (ch.3) a. an electroencephalograph (EEG) b. positron-emission tomography (PET scan) c. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) d. an echocardiogram (ECG)

a. an electroencephalograph (EEG).

which of the following is a similarity between the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and glutamate? (ch.3) a. both are associated with alzheimer disease b. both play a key functioning the brain by inhibiting neurons from firing c. both are responsible for the myelination of dendrites d. both play a key role in reducing the production of glial cells

a. both are associated with alzheimer disease.

In the context of descriptive research methods in psychology, _____ are performed mainly by clinical psychologists when, for either practical or ethical reasons, the unique aspects of an individual's life cannot be duplicated and tested in other individuals. (ch.2) a. case studies b. surveys c. correlational studies d. experiments

a. case studies

dr. okawa is interested in studying the effect of neurological trauma on short-term memory. first, he collects detailed information from a small number of individuals who have experienced brain damage. then, using information provided by medical records, interviews, and observations, dr. okawa attempts to create an in-depth portrait of each individual. what type of research method was used in this study? (ch.2) a. case study b. naturalistic observation c. experimental method d. surveys

a. case study

which for eh following is an example of plasticity? (ch.3) a. changes in the brain structure in response to experience b. transmission of information from a neon to glial cell c. myelination of epidermal cells d. changes in the structure of astrocytes residing within glial cells

a. changes in the brain structure in response to experience.

a(n)_____ allows researches to distinguish the specific effects of the independent variable from the possible effects the experimenter's and participant's expectations about it. (ch.2) a. double-blind experiment b. measure of central tendency c. meta-analytical study d. interview

a. double-blind experiment

in which of the following cases is dr. williams establishing an operational definition? (ch.2) a. dr. williams states that his subjects' manual dexterity can be assessed by the number of assigned manual tasks they are able to complete. b. dr. williams determines the efficiency of the newest jets found in the air force. c. dr. williams states that his students must recall their earliest childhood memories and use these to understand more about themselves. d. dr. williams has his subjects go online to look up examples of "jealousy."

a. dr. williams states that his subjects' manual dexterity can be assessed by the number of assigned manual tasks they are able to complete.

the difference between glutamate and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is that glutamate. (ch.3) a. excites neurons to fire, whereas GABA inhibits neurons from firing b. stimulates the release of glial cells, whereas GABA inhibits inhibits the release of glial cells c. produces neurotransmitters, whereas GABA break down neurotransmitters d. causes neurons to change structurally, whereas GABA causes neurons to change chemically

a. excites neurons to fire, whereas GABA inhibits neurons from firing.

emma just received word that her grandfather's stroke damaged a regional his brain called substantia nigra. as a consequence of this damage, emma's grandfather will most likely? (ch.3) a. experience tremors b. forget names c. have vision problems d. have speech impediments

a. experience tremors.

an experimenter studies the relationship between caffeine and reaction time. she designs her experiment with four groups. group 1 receives 100 mg of caffeine each in their cups of coffee, group 2 receives 200 mg of caffeine each in their cups of coffee, group 3 receives 300 mg of caffeine each in their cups of coffee, and group 4 receives no coffee. twenty minutes later, participants from all the groups are given a reaction-time test. in this experiment, which group is the control group? (ch.2) a. group 4 b. group 3 c. group 2 d. group 1

a. group 4

In the context of experimental research, random assignment of participants is important in order to ensure that? (ch.2) a. independent variables are not restricted b. groups have equal and balanced composition c. genders and ages are viewed independently d. all participants that have specific characteristics are viewed in a single group

a. groups have equal and balanced composition

jessica investigates the relationship between caffeine intake and performance on a class test for high school students. before her sample of students takes an exam, she notes the number of cups of coffee they consumed two hours before the test. she obtains their scores after the test is over. she then calculates the correlation coefficient between the two variables and finds it to be +0.82. which of the following conclusions should jessica draw from this value? (ch.2) a. higher caffeine consumption is related to higher exam scores b. eighty-two percept of the students consumed caffeine prior to the exam c. caffeine consumption causes higher scores d. caffeine consumption has no association with performance on a test

a. higher caffeine consumption is related to higher exam scores.

in the context of inferential statistics, a confidence level of .05 means that a. if the odds are .05 or less that the differences are due to chance, the results are considered statistically significant. (ch.2) b. the researches are confident about the methodology of their research to an extent of 5 percent c. the confidence level of participants in a research study is calculated to be .05 d. if the study is conducted five times using the same variables and conditions, the result would be the same

a. if the odds are .05 or less that the differences are due to chance, the results are considered statistically significant

the head of accounting at delores inc. is computing a value that represents the company's financial performance for the previous year. the company mad approximately $90,000 in 11 out of the 12 months. in the last month of the fiscal year, the company made $530,000. in this scenario, which measure of central tendency will be least effective as an accurate representation of financial performance? (ch.2) a. mean b. median c. range d. mode

a. mean

nine-year-old Anna learns ballet by watching her mother and imitating her mother's movements. in the context of neurons, which of the following types of cells is most directly responsible for anna's method of learning? (ch.3) a. mirror neurons b. glial cells c. schwann cells d. astrocytes

a. mirror neurons.

damien has been unable to sleep for the past few weeks. he wakes up in the middle of the night and cannot go back to sleep. on certain occasions, he cannot fall asleep at all and at other times, he is unable to wake up from sleep. in the context of organization of the brain, damien's problem with sleep and arousal is most likely caused by the poor functioning of the. (ch.3) a. pons b. amygdala c. medulla d. cerebellum

a. pons

dr. klaus conducted a research in psychology that established the number of hours of study before a test is directly proportional to the performance in the test. in the context of correlational research, it can be said that _____ exists between the two variables. (ch.2) a. positive correlation b. negative correlation c. no correlation d. cause and effect relation

a. positive correlation

in inferential statistics, _____ means the the differences observed between two groups are large enough that it is highly unlikely that those differences are merely due to chance> (ch.2) a. statistical significance b. double-blind c. random sample d. operational definition

a. statistical significance

in an experimental research study, which of the following groups is an experimental group? (ch.2) a. the group that is subjects to the change that the independent variable represents b. the group the is not randomly assigned c. the group that is not subjected to the manipulated independent variable d. the group that is expected to have no response to the independent variable

a. the group that is subjected to the change that the independent variable represents.

for a research project, joaquin observes student behavior during a learning task and attempts to form a _____, which is a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations and to make predictions about future observations. (ch.2) a. theory b. variable c. statistic d. bias

a. theory

dr. smith conducts an experiment on motivation. his experimental group is administered the independent variable. his control group is not. dr. smith hires jack to act as a research subject who has little motivation despite the encouragement provided to him during the experiment. dr. smith wants to see how jack's behavior affects the motivation of the actual research subjects in the experimental group. in this experiment, jack is serving as. (ch.2) a. the dependent variable b. a confederate c. an observer d. the independent variable

b. a confederate.

in surveys conducted by gerald, many adolescents repot that they started smoking cigarettes because of peer pressure. while observing adolescent groups, however, gerald rarely sees adolescents offering each other cigarettes or putting pressure on others to smoke. gerald predicts that if he conducts further studies on this topic, he will be able to prove that peer pressure is not the primary reason that adolescents start smoking cigarettes. in the context of psychology's scientific method, gerald is basing his further studies on? 9ch.2) a. a demand characteristic b. a hypothesis c. confounds d. third variable problems

b. a hypothesis

in the context of the neural impulse, which of the following is the status of the charges on each side of the cell membrane during he stage of resting potential? (ch.3) a. a negative charge on the outside of the cell membrane and a positive change on the inside b. a negative charge on the induced of the cell membrane and positive charge on the outside c. a negative charge on both the outside and the inside of the cell membrane d. a positive charge on both the outside and the inside of the cell membrane

b. a negative charge on the inside of the cell membrane and a positive charge on the outside.

in a study to determine whether viewing pictures of poverty-stricken children increases the tendency for people to donate money to charity, the experimental group sees pictures of poor children before being asked to donate to charity. the control groups sense pictures of random landscapes. in this study, the operational definition the dependent variable is the. (ch.2) a. chice of landscape pictures b. amount that the experimental group chooses to donate c. gender of the children in the pictures shown d. gender ratio in the experimental and control groups

b. amount that the experimental group chooses to donate.

in the nervous system, which of the following is true of neurons and the neurotransmitters they secrete? (ch.3) a. most neurons secrete many neurotransmitters at the same time b. at any given time, a neuron is receiving a mixture of messages from the neurotransmitters c. neurotransmitters in neurons cannot be both exactor and inhibitory d. neurotransmitters are located in the cable of the neurons

b. at any given time, a neuron is receiving a mixture of messages from the neurotransmitters.

which of the following is a similarity between the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine? (ch.3) a. both are responsible for inhibiting neurons from firing b. both are involved in the learning process c. both are associated with parkinson disease d. both are released in response to stress

b. both are involved in the learning process.

donny suffered a stroke a few years ago. for many months, he was unable to coordinate his movements, making it impossible for him to even stand up. single then, he has been walking in a jerky, uncoordinated many. in this scenario, donny's symptoms after the stroke are most likely due to the damage to his? (ch.3) a. forebrain b. cerebellum c. medulla d. midbrain

b. cerebellum

in an experimental study, a properly designed hypothesis will test a theory by predicting the? a. random assignment of the experimental and control groups. b. changes in the dependent variable in response to changes in the independent variable. (ch.2) c. amount of social context that will be manipulated by the confederate. d. participant error and its effect upon the results of the experiment.

b. changes in the dependent variable in response to changes in the independent variable.

aaron wants to study the association between sleep deprivation and the number of hours spent on computer every day. he is not keen to establish causation, but would like to determine whether and how the increase or decrease in one variable is associated with the increase or decrease in the other variable. which of the following research methods is likely to be most effective for aaron to study? (ch.2) a. survey b. correlational research c. experimental research d. case study

b. correlational research

which of the following statements is true of the pathways in the nervous system? (ch.3) a. motor nerves carry information to the brain and spinal cord b. each neuron is a one-way street in the nervous system c. sensory nerves carry information out of the brain and spinal cord d. when an impulse travels through a neuron, it does so chemically

b. each neuron is a one-way street in the nervous system.

in the context of experimental research, internal validity refers to the. (ch.2) a. extent to which the experimental design reflects the real-world issues it explores b. extent to which changes in the dependent variable are genuinely due to the manipulation of the independent variable c. degree to which the results of the experiment are generalizable to the larger population d. methodology used to carry out the random assignment of samples

b. extent to which changes in the dependent variable are genuinely due to the manipulation of the independent variable

ginny was in a car accident in which her amygdala was severely damaged. which of the following is a likely consequence of this damage? (ch.3) a. ginny will now talk with a stutter b. ginny will try to eat the plate on which her sandwich is placed c. ginny will have difficulty skipping and hopping d. ginny will struggle to feel a feather brushed across her cheek

b. ginny will try to eat the plate on which her sandwich is placed.

walter has a degenerative condition known as multiple sclerosis (MS). in the context of specialized cell structure, his disease causes. (ch.3) a. replacement of scar tissue by the myelin sheath b. hardening of the myelin sheath c. duplication of mirror neurons d. conversion glial cells to neurons

b. hardening of the myelin sheath.

courtney, a young woman with an anxiety disorder, volunteers to participate in a psychological study so tithe she can earn $100. she knows that the study will require her to reflect upon her childhood but she does now know that this experiment is unsuitable for individuals with anxiety. courtney's symptoms act up during the experiment and she restarts her therapy. in courtney's case, the american psychological association (APA) ethics guideline that has most likely been violated is. (ch.2) a. choice b. informed consent c. debriefing d. confidentiality

b. informed consent

In the context of the neural impulse, which of the following is true about the depolarization of neuron membranes? (ch.3) a. it is characterized by the movement of neurotransmitters through the axon b. it decreases the charge difference between the fluids inside and outside of the neuron c. it is the brief wave of negative electrical charge the sweeps down the axon d. it produces sodium ions in the dendrites of a neuron

b. it decreases the charge difference between the fluids inside and outside of the neuron.

which of the following is true of the brain imaging technique known as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). (ch.3) a. it does not allow researches to draw cause-and-effect conclusions b. it examines neuronal functioning following brain-injuring events c. it is not used to treat any neurological and psychological disorders d. it is used to examine the brain activity in rest and action states

b. it examines neuronal functioning following brain-injuring events.

which of the following is true about the myelin sheath that cover the axons of nerve cells? (ch.3) a. it is responsible for making axons poor conductors of electricity b. it facilitates the transmission of electrical impulses c. it produces glia d. it directs the manufacture of substances that the neuron needs for growth and maintenance

b. it facilitates the transition of electrical impulses.

which of the following is true about the autonomic nervous system? (ch.3) a. it is made up of the brain and spinal cord b. it monitors processes such as breathing and digestion c. it converts information from the skin and muscles to the central nervous system d. it consists of sensory nerves

b. it monitors processes such as breathing and digestion.

when conductind an experiment on time managements, jamie assigns everyone who arrives before noon to the experimental group and everyone who arrives after 12 noon to the control group. in the context of experimental research methods, what is wrong with jamies's experiment? (ch.2) a. the experiment is not ethical b. jamie has not used true random assignment c. jamie has introduced a confederate into the experiment. d. the experiment is deceptive

b. jamie has not used true random assignment

professor rodman, a social psychologist, studied the relationship between the severity of injuries in automobile accidents and the use of seat belts. he obtained a correlation coefficient of -0.72. in the context of correlational research, which of the following conclusions will the professor most likely arrive at? (ch.2) a. wearing seat belts causes injuries in 72 percept of all accidents b. people who wear seat belts sustain less serious injuries in an accident c. people who wear seat belts sustain more injuries in an accident d. wearing a seatbelt is not predictive of the type of injury one receives in an accident

b. people who wear seat belts sustain less serious injuries in an accident.

dendrites differ from axons in that dendrites. (ch.3) a. are myelinated, whereas axons are not myelinated b. receive information, whereas axons send information c. are branched, whereas axons are singular d. are efferent, whereas axons are different

b. receive information, whereas axons send information.

ryan wants to study the behavior of employees in the call center industry in the country of utopia. for his study, he designs a questionnaire and distributes it among 500 call center employees across the country. these 500 employees are. (ch.2) a. population b. sample c. estimates d. confederates

b. sample

the somatic nervous system consists of motor nerves, whose functions to. (ch.3) a. mobilize the body for action in a dangerous situation b. tell muscles what to do c. reduce the stress levels of the body d. convert information from the skin and muscles to the central nervous system

b. tell muscles what to do.

old-fashioned telephone systems relied on operators to take incoming class and connect them to the appropriate persons they were intended for. which structure of the brain functions in an analogous manner? (ch.3) a. hypothalamus b. thalamus c. hippocampus d. basal ganglia

b. thalamus

which of the following occurs when a neuron is resting? (ch.3) a. its membrane's ion channels are closed b. the fluid outside the membrane has no electrical charge c. fluids and ions can sometimes flow into and out of it d. it transmits information

b. the fluid outside the membrane has no electrical charge.

according to the all-or-nothing principle, which of the following would happen if the size of the electrical charge in a neural impulse was twice the size needed for the electrical impulse? (ch.3) a. the neuron would go back to its resting potential without transmitting any information b. the intensity of the impulse would not be affected c. the intensity of the impulse would be twice as strong d. the axon of the neuron will develop a new branch

b. the intensity of the impulse would not be affected.

dr. kate proposes that students find it difficult to return to their academic schedules after spring break. specifically, she predicts that every year there will be more student absences on the monday following spring break that on the friday before spring break. the first statement describes the _____, while the second is the _____. (ch.2) a. design of the study; research method b. theory; hypothesis c. hypothesis; operational definition d. prediction; procedure

b. theory; hypothesis

which of the following is a true statement about dendrites? (ch.3) a. they encase and insulate most axons b. they are treelike fibers projecting from a neuron c. they contain the nucleus of a neuron d. they direct the manufacture of substances required for growth of neurons

b. they are treelike fibers projecting from a neuron.

which of the following statements is true of glial cells? (ch.3) a. they are responsible for the majority of information processing in the brain b. they keep neurons sunning smoothly c. they transform motor nerves into afferent nerves d. they constantly change the direction information flow in neurons

b. they keep neurons running smoothly

which of the following correlation coefficients is indicative of the strongest relationship between two variables? (ch.2) a. +0.65 b. 0.00 c. -0.87 d. -0.24

c. -0.87

in a class test, keith, ethan, and hannah score 6,4, and 8 respectively. the mean of these scores is 6. therefore, the standard deviation of their scores is? (ch.2) a. 5.00 b. 3.92 c. 2.00 d. 10.50

c. 2.00

Five students had the following scores on a psychological test: 10, 10, 15, 25, and 40. The mean of these five scores is? (ch.2) a. 10 b. 15 c. 20 d. 25

c. 20

which of the following is an advantage of conduction psychological research in a laboratory? (ch.2) a. it is easy to conduct laboratory research without subjects knowing tat they are being observed b. a laboratory setting is close to the real world and therefore causes subjects to behave naturally c. a laboratory is a controlled setting with many of the potential confounding factors of the real world removed d. it is possible to study all aspects of the mind and behavior in a laboratory

c. a laboratory is a controlled setting with many of the potential confounding factors of the real world removed.

martin's father is experiencing memory loss related to Alzheimer disease. in the context of neurotransmitters, this is most likely due to the insufficient production of _____ in his brain. (ch.3) a. pepsin b. gastrin c. acetylcholine d. adenosine

c. acetylcholine.

in the context of specialized cell structure, which of the following scenarios acts as the closest analogy to the function of the myelin sheath in the brain? (ch.3) a. becky is riding her skateboard down the hill b. juan is rolling down the windows in his car to create resistance c. amber is waxing her surfboard so that it will move easily through water d. gerald is adding another coat of paint to the outer wall of his house

c. amber is waxing her surfboard so that it will move easily through water.

before an impulse can cross the synaptic gap between neurons, the impulse must be? (ch.3) a. converted into an electrical signal b. processed by a glial cell c. converted into a chemical signal d. myelinated within the terminal buttons

c. converted into chemical signal.

professor milton wants to examine the connection between brain damage and intelligence levels in adults. she wants to know whether brain damage has any connection to intelligence and, if so, what the extent of this connection is likely to be. which of the following psychological research methods is likely to be most suitable to professor milton's needs? (ch.2) a. case study b. survey c. correlational research d. experimental research

c. correlational research

professor boson conducts a study that requires his participants to fill a questionnaire with two options: "ethical" or "unethical." this leads most of his subjects to choose the ethical option. the professor's choice marking his options as ethical or unethical is the study's? (ch.2) a. confederate b. third variable c. demand characteristic d. placebo effect

c. demand characteristic

dale, a researcher, conducted a study to determine the effects of color blue on mood. during the study, he is friendlier toward the female participants than he is toward the male participants, which makes the women feel more relaxed during the study. he concludes the blue color is more likely to have a relaxing effect on women than on men. dale's study is vulnerable to. (ch.2) a. confederate bias b. double-blind bias c. experimenter bias d. research participant bias

c. experimenter bias

albert, a student researcher, varies the amount of food given to rats in an experiment to measure the effect on their learning behavior. in albert's study, the amount of food given is the _____ variable. (ch.2) a. dependent b. experimental c. independent d. third problem

c. independent

which of the following is true of the neurotransmitter serotonin? (ch.3) a. it is a natural opiate b. it causes neurons to stop firing c. it is involved in the regulations mood and attention d. it shields the body from pain

c. it is involved in the regulations mood and attention.

professor wong measured the intelligence and temperament of a group of preschooler. he plans to follow the same group of participants over time and collect similar data when the children are in 3rd grade, 6th grade, and 9th grade. which type of research design does this scenario exemplify? (ch.2) a. sampling design b. experimental design c. longitudinal design d. double-blind experiment

c. longitudinal design

bradley conducts research to validate his hypothesis that increased job satisfaction leads to greater organizational commitment among employees. he collects the existing data from all of the studies that he can locate on the topic. by looking at the data, he establishes that his hypothesis has been consistently proven correct across the studies. in this scenario, the method of study used by bradley is. (ch.2) a. direct replication b. correlational research c. meta-analysis d. experimental design

c. meta-analysis

a team of psychology students would like to expose their classmates to an embarrassing experience in order to gather data for their term project. their instructor has asked them to read the ethical guidelines published by the american psychological association (APA). she most likely wants them to understand that, as researchers, they. (ch.2) a. cannot choose to influence independent variables b. cannot conduct a study in which people will feel embarrassed c. must obtain the consent of the participants after informing them of the procedures d. must use confederates in any research that they conduct

c. must obtain the consent of the participants after informing them of the procedures.

aaron wants to study people's reactions to violent images. he lets all the participants of his experiment know that they will be subjected to violent images and asks if they are willing to participate. in scenario, aaron is. (ch.2) a. ensuring that the study data will remain confidential b. letting his participants know that they will be experiencing the placebo effect c. obtaining informed consent from the participants d. employing confederates to reduce experimenter bias

c. obtaining informed consent from the participants.

jame's brain injury has resulted in him not being able to process information about the things he sees around him or to react to them appropriately. in the context of the cerebral cortex, which of his brain regions is most likely to be damaged? (ch.3) a. association cortex b. parietal lobe c. occipital lobe d. somatosensory cortex

c. occipital lobe.

ryan wants to stud the level of personal happiness among his students. he derives a self-report questionnaire that measures how highly a student scores his or her life's achievements. ryan believes that these scores are a good measure of personal happiness. in the context of empirical research, the scores on the questionnaire are representative of the _____ of the study. (ch.2) a. independence variable b. hypothesis c. operational definition d. theory

c. operational definition

ryan wants to study the level of personal happiness among his students. he devises a self-report questionnaire that measure how highly a student scores his or her life's achievements. ryan believes that these scores are a good measure of personal happiness. in the context of empirical research, the scores on the questionnaire are representative of the _____ of the study. (ch.2) a. independent variable b. hypothesis c. operational definition d. theory

c. operational definition

in the context of the pathways in the nervous system, efferent nerves carry information. (ch.3) a. out of the endocrine system to other areas of the body b. to the heart and lungs from the muscles and glands c. out of the brain and spinal cord to other areas of the body d. to the brain and spinal cord via sensory receptors

c. out of the brain and spinal cord to other areas of the body.

aft taking her english final, natalie attempts to relax in her chair by meditating, she is attempting to reduce her heart and respiration rates, as well as her muscular tension. in this scenario, her physiological relaxation can be best attributed to the functioning of her _____ nervous system. (ch.3) a. somatic b. central c.parasympathetic d. sympathetic

c. parasympathetic.

As a part of a medical research study, a researcher exposes two groups of participants to either an actual painkiller or a sugar pill. The participants feel their pain being eliminated even with the sugar pill. In this case, the sugar pill is known as the. (ch.2) a. confederate b. random sample c. placebo d. independent variable

c. placebo

professer stenson is examining the effects of color on patients' anxiety levels. she randomly assigns patients to either a room painted white or a room painted black, and then she records their blood pressure. in this car, the independent variable is the? (ch.2) a. blood pressure b. anxiety level c. room color d. building type

c. room color

catherine is confronted by a man with a gun as she walks home from work one night. In this scenario, catherine's _____ will prepare her body to run from the situation by increasing blood flow to her extremities. (ch.3) a. parasympathetic nervous system b. central nervous system c. sympathetic nervous system d. somatic nervous system

c. sympathetic nervous system

a researcher tells a group of experimental subjects that they are going to receive "painful" electrical shocks as part of the experiment. he tells another group that they will receive "mild" electric shocks. he asks participants in both groups whether they prefer to wait alone or with others while he sets up the machinery the will deliver the shocks. in this experiment, which of the following is the dependent variable? (ch.2) a. the use of the term "painful" b. the use of the term "mild" c. the participants' choice to wait alone or with others d. the machinery that delivers the shocks to the participants

c. the participants' choice to wait alone or with others

while preparing dinner, maya accidentally touches a hot dish. which of the following divisions of the nervous system will be responsible for converting information to the brain that she has touched something hot? (ch.3) a. the sympathetic nervous system b. the autonomic nervous system c. the somatic nervous system d. the parasympathetic nervous system

c. the somatic nervous system.

in the context of psychology's scientific method, which of the following is true of theories? (ch.2) a. theories explain relations between variables on a conceptual level. b. theories are educated guesses that derive logically from a hypothesis. c. theories cannot explain the occurrences of phenomena. d. theories cannot be used to make predictions about future observations.

c. theories explain relations between variables on a conceptual level.

which of the following statements is true of surveys? (ch.2) a. they are ineffective when used in correlational research. b. they are effective when used to study variables that are unconscious, such as psychodynamic drive. c. they are useful when information from many people is required. d. they are not useful when what people think about themselves needs to be measured.

c. they are useful when information from many people is required.

which of the following statements is true of quasi-experimental designs? (ch.2) a. they are primarily used in correlational research b. they allow for strong casual conclusions c. they do not randomly assign participants to conditions d. they are either impossible to conduct or unethical

c. they do not randomly assign participants to conditions.

which of the following statements is true of neurotransmitters? (ch.3) a. they are stored in dendrites b. they are electrical signals c. they move in random manner d. they are the source of nutrition for most neurons

c. they move in random manner.

bill can predict participants' scores on a particular math test with perfect accuracy by knowing their scores on the aptitude test. which of the following correlation coefficients most likely expresses an accurate relationship between the two tests? (ch.2) a. -0.99 b. +0.20 c. -0.78 d. +1.00

d. +1.00

joshua designs a research study to investigate the relationship between two variables: the size of a person's head and IQ level. he measures each variable without manipulating either of the variables and finds that IQ is higher for subjects with a bigger heads. in the context of correlational research, what can joshua conclude? (ch.2) a. a large head size causes IQ b. head size and IQ are negatively correlated c. a high IQ causes a large head size d. IQ and head size are positively correlated

d. IQ and head size are positively correlated.

a psychological study indicates a strong positive correlation between two variables. this means that? (ch.2) a. as one variable increases, the other decreases b. the correlational coefficient is 0.00 c. one variable causes the other variable to occur d. as one variable increases, the other also increases

d. as one variable increases, the other also increases.

a psychological study indicates a strong positive correlation between two variables. this means that? (ch.2) a. as one variable increases, the other decreases. b. the correlational coefficient is 0.00. c. one variable causes the other variable to occur. d. as one variable increases, the other also increases.

d. as one variable increases, the other also increases.

in a drug study, giving individuals in the control group a placebo pill allows researchers to determine whether. (ch.2) a. research participant bias is more significant socially than experimenter bias b. confederates are effective at changing the social context of the experiment c. the operation definition of the dependent variable is the same as the operational definition of the independent variable d. changes in the experimental group are due to the active drug agent

d. changes in the experimental group are due to the active drug agent

dr. stanley predicts that interviewers who smile at their interviewees are more effective at eliciting honest responses than interviewers who do not. to study this, he asks stacy to smile at the experimental group of interviewees and not smile at the control group of interviewees. in this study, stacy is the? (ch.2) a. confounder b. variable c. experimenter d. confederate

d. confederate

in the context of psychological research methods, which of the following scenarios is an example of the survey method? (ch.2) a. dr. adele observes children as they learn to read. b. dr. gomes studies his patients while they undergo psychological counseling. c. dr. trooper collects children's school grades and test scores. d. dr. frank asks people how many hours of television they watch per week.

d. dr. frank asks people how many hors of television they watch per week.

in an experimental study, external validity reefers to the? (ch.2) a. extent to which the results of a study can improve human life b. fact that the study was subjected to some form of experimenter bias c. fact that the finding of the study is replicated each time the experiment is conducted d. extent to which the experimental design reflects the real-world issues it explores

d. extent to which the experimental design reflects the real-world issues it explores

in an experimental study, external validity refers to the. (ch.2) a. extent to which the results of a study con improve human life c. fact that the study was subjects to some form of experimenter bias c. fact tithe the finding of the study is replicated each time the experiment is conducted d. extent to which the experimental design reflects the real-world issues it explores

d. extent to which the experimental design reflects the real-world issues it explores.

allie has developed a theory concerning test grades of high school students. she believes that there is a strong casual relationship between students' levels of happiness and their grades in school. In this scenario, her expectation that happier students get better grades is a _____derived from her theory. (ch.2) a. variable b. bias c. fact d. hypothesis

d. hypothesis

allie has developed a theory concerning test grades of high school students. she believes that there is strong causal relationship between students' levels of happiness and their grades in school. in this scenario, her expectation that happier students get better grades is a _____ derived from her theory. (ch.2) a. variable b. bias c. fact d. hypothesis

d. hypothesis

_____ statistics are the mathematical methods that are used to indicate whether results for a sample are likely to generalize to a population. (ch.2) a. regressive b. differential c. descriptive d. inferential

d. inferential.

which of the following is a function of the cell body in a nerve cell? (ch.3) a. it encases and insulates most axons b. it produces glia c. it reverses the direction flow of information in a neuron d. it directs the manufacture of substances required for growth and maintenance of neurons

d. it directs the manufacture of substances required for growth and maintenance of neurons.

_____ is the part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body. a. central nervous system b. somatic nervous system c. sympathetic nervous system d. parasympathetic nervous system

d. parasympathetic nervous system.

kenny has been diagnosed with parkinson disease and has been prescribed medication to manage some of his symptoms. the medication elevates the levels of dopamine in his system. if the levels of dopamine in his system become excessive, kenny is most likely to exhibit symptoms associated with. (ch.3) a. depression b. multiple sclerosis c. alzheimer disease d. schizophrenia

d. schizophrenia.

_____ is a measure of dispersion that indicates how much the scores in a sample vary around the mean of the sample. (ch.2) a. correlation coefficient b. median c. range d. standard deviation

d. standard deviation

elizabeth feels her heart racing while she waits for her turn at a job interview. these physiological symptoms are most likely produced by her _____ nervous system. (ch.3) a. central b. somatic c. parasympathetic d. sympathetic

d. sympathetic.

dominic is a marathon runner. he says that whenever he runs, he feels euphoric. he cannot begin his day without running for an hour. in the context of neurotransmitters, which of the following is most likely responsible for his feelings of pleasure from running? (ch.3) a. the action of serotonin depletion during physical exertion b. the extended "high" from GABA reuptake c. the compensatory effects of acetylcholine d. the release of endorphins

d. the release of endorphins.

A history class of 50 students has agreed to be the subject of a research study. Half of the class has been asked to study for the next history test while listening to classical music. The remaining half has been asked to study in a completely silent environment. The test scores of the two groups will be compared at the end of the experiment. In this experiment, which of the following is the dependent variable? (ch.2) a. the classical music for the first half of the class b. the silent environment for the second half of the class c. the reading speed of both groups during the experiment d. the test scores of both groups at the end of the experiment

d. the test scores of both groups at the end of the experiment.

in an emergency, the sympathetic nervous system helps the body by. (ch.3) a. unmyelinating neurons to facilitate faster information transmission b. stimulating the production of glial cells to help transmit chemical messages c. reduction the rate of information exchange between the autonomic nervous system and the motor nerve d. triggering the release of stress hormones

d. triggering the release of stress hormones.