AP Psychology Final exam review Part 1

The semicircular canals, located in the inner ear, provide important information about the

Body's posture and head position

Classical conditioning is most efficient when the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

immediately follows the conditioned stimulus (CS)

Long term potentiation is best described as the

increased efficiency of synaptic transmission between certain neurons following learning

A person closes a window to shut out traffic noise. The reduction in noise leads the person to close the window every day. This is an example of

negative reinforcement

A researcher studying the effect of noise level on concentration randomly assigns student participation to either a noisy room or a quiet room to take a problem-solving test. The researcher subsequently compares the two groups' test scores using a t-test and concludes p=.05. The independent variable in this study is the

noise level

An example of an episodic memory is the memory of

one's high school graduation

A researcher asks a young child what she did yesterday. The child replies, "I goed to the park." This is best described as an example of

overregularization of grammar rules

Which of the following correlation coefficients most likely represents the relationship between length of sleep deprivation and level of alertness?

-0.4

Ben normally sleeps from 10:00 PM to 7:00 AM. In which of the following time periods would he experience the LEAST amount of REM sleep?

10:00PM and 11:00PM

In a normal distribution, approximately what percent of the scores occur within one standard deviation above and below the mean?

68%

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system most frequently results in which of the following?

Acceleration of heart and breathing rate and dilation of pupils

Which classic study forms the basis for social (observational) learning?

Albert Bandura..Bobo doll

A child has learned that her grandparents ignore rather than reward her tantrums. Which of the following operant principles are the grandparents using to control the child's behavior?

Extinction

A researcher gave identical puzzles to five-year-old children in two groups, group A and group B. The children in group A were promised candy if they completed the puzzles quickly and well. The children in group B were not promised a reward but they were encouraged to do the best that they could. If the researcher argues that overjustification occured, which of the following most likely happened during the experiment?

Group A did not work as hard or as well as group B and would be less likely to spontaneously work on similar puzzles in the future.

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency that is most influenced by extreme scores?

Mean

Computer generated color images of the brain the provide information about glucose metabolism are produced by which of the following techniques?

PET scan

Which gland of the endocrine system controls the activity of other glands?

Pituitary

A researcher studying the effect of noise level on concentration randomly assigns student participation to either a noisy room or a quiet room to take a problem-solving test. The researcher subsequently compares the two groups' test scores using a t-test and concludes p=.05. The dependent variable in this study is the

Problem solving test scores

A market researcher is interested in ascertaining which of two possible packages is more likely to entice buyers to purchase a new brand of chocolate chip cookie. In this study, which of the following pairs represents the independent and dependent variables respectively?

The different types of packages; total sales for each of the packages

The process of remembering several pieces of information by mentally associating an image of each with a different location is a mnemonic device known as

The method of loci

Which of the following is true of individuals who experience severe withdrawal symptoms when they abruptly stop using a drug that they have been taking for a long time?

They are physically dependent on the drug

Which of the following best describes the representativeness of heuristic?

an estimate of the likelihood of an event based on how well it matches a typical example

Noam Chomsky hypothesized that humans learn language through

an innate language acquisition device

The quotation below is consistent with the views of which of the following schools of psychology? "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll gaurantee to take any one at random and train him to be any type of specialist I might select-doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief, and yes, even beggar-man and thief..."

behavorism

A bundle of nerve fibers that interconnects the two brain hemispheres is the

corpus callosum

Of the following, which is the best example of divergent thinking in problem-solving?

devising as many solutions as possible

A person who is fearful of rattlesnakes but not garden snakes is exhibiting

discrimination learning

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is highly correlated with which of the following?

dreams

A researcher conducts an experiment to test the claim that a new drug Y is more effective than the standard drug X in inhibiting arousal. The researcher randomly assigns participants to receive drug Y or drug X and subsequently measures arousal. In this experiment, participants receiving the drug Y constitute the

experimental group

A young couple was having a picnic outdoors when a sudden rainstorm approached. They became soaked, because they did not think of using their plastic tablecloth for protection from the rain. Their oversight best illustrates

functional fixedness

A movie-goer who cannot identify the name of the film star remembers the name when a friend reviews a list of stars. The incident illustrates which two concepts in human memory?

recall and recognition

In an emergency situation, the adrenal glands secrete hormones that cause all of the following EXCEPT

reduced mood swings

Which of the following is true about rods and cones?

rods facilitate black-and-white vision and cones facilitate color vision

After constant exposure to a stimulus, our nerve cells fire less frequently. This can be explained by which of the following

sensory adaption

The reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguishing condition response is called

spontaneous recovery

In neurons, neurotransmitters are released at the

synaptic vesicles

A researcher studying the effect of noise level on concentration randomly assigns student participation to either a noisy room or a quiet room to take a problem-solving test. The researcher subsequently compares the two groups' test scores using a t-test and concludes p=.05. The researcher's conclusion that p= .05 most likely indicates

that the difference between the two groups is statistically significant

The ability of the human visual system to barely detect a candle flame at a distance of about 30 miles on a clear, dark night is an example of

the absolute threshold

The news of a plane crash causes a couple to cancel their plane reservation and drive 1,000 miles in their car instead, even though they know that fatal automoblie accidents are much more common than airplane accidents. The couple's decision mainly involves

the availability heuristic

The gate control theory attempts to explain how

the nervous system blocks or allows pain signals to pass to the brain

Dr. Lewis decided to study the television viewing habits of her students and therefore demanded that they complete and return a survey regarding their viewing habits. Which of the following ethical principles was clearly violated in this study?

the right to refuse to participate in the study

Two groups of participants in a study are presented a list of 20 words. The first group is told to count the number of capital letters in the words and the second group is told to think of the definition of each word. When both groups are asked to recall the word lists, which of the following is most likely to occur?

the second group will recall more words than the first group

Keisha recently lost the sight in her left eye. In which of the following situations would Keisha NOT be able to judge depth?

watching two people approach from different distances