AP Psychology Midterm Review

Which theory describes how we explain others' behavior as being due to internal dispositions or external situations?

attribution theory

Hughberta experienced difficulty keeping he balance after receiving a blow to the back of her head. It is likely that she injured her...

cerebellum

The belief that hose who suffer deserve their fate is expressed in the...

just-world phenomenon

Research studies have shown that frequent exposure to sexually explicit films:

may produce all of these effects

The four families on your block all have annual household incomes of $25,000. If a new family with an annual income of $75,000 moved in, which measure of central tendency would be most affected?

mean

A researcher was interested in determining whether her students' test performance could be predicted from their seating position. This study is an example of:

naturalistic observation

Professor Hughberta observes and records the behavior or grocery shoppers as the select items to purchase. which type of research is Professor Hughberta employing?

naturalistic observation

One reason that people comply with social pressure is to gain approval or avoid rejection. This is called...

normative social influences

To ensure exactness of the meaning of independent and dependent variables, psychologists use:

operant definitions

Behaviorists explain human thoughts and behavior as a result of...

past conditioning

Researchers control factors that might influence a dependent variable by means of:

random assignment

In Soloman Asch's conformity study, approximately what percentage of participants gave at least one incorrect response?

70%

A therapist who says that she uses whatever psychological perspective "works best" for each patient might be described as...

Eclectic

A professor constructs a questionnaire to determine how students at the university feel about nuclear disarmament. Which of the following techniques should be used in order to survey a random sample of the student body?

From an alphabetical listing of all students, every tenth student should be asked to complete the questionnaire.

A correlation of +.70 between children's physical height and their popularity amount their peers indicates that:

Higher levels of popularity amount one's peers is associated with greater physical height in children

Which of the following is the BEST example of prejudice?

Hughberta dislikes cheerleaders

The brain research technique involves monitoring the brains usage of glucose is called the:

PET scan

If shoe size and IQ are inversely correlated, then which of the following is true?

People with small feet tend to have high IQ's

Research has found that the amount of representation in the sensory cortex reflects the...

sensibility of the body region

The peripheral nervous system consists of...

sensory and motor neurons

According to research on attraction, people are most likely to be attracted to others who are:

similar to themselves in many ways

Hughbertina believes that all male athletes are self-centered and sexist. Her beliefs are an example of...

stereotypes

Professor Hughbertaki's students did very poorly one their last exam. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead her to conclude that the class did very poorly because...

students were unmotivated

The hostilities between two racial subgroups of a riverfront community were dramatically reduced when the threat of their river flooding its banks required that they work together to save their town. This best illustrates the impact of...

superordinate goals

Hypotheses are:

testable predictions, often derived from theories

Dr. Frankenstein made a mistake during neurosurgery on his monster. After the operation the monster "saw" with his ears and "heard" with his eyes. It is likely that Dr. Frankenstein "rewired" neural connections in the monster's:

thalamus

Hugh compiled with his friends' request to join them in smashing decorative pumpkins early one Halloween evening. Later that night he was surprised by his own failure to resist their pressures to throw eggs at passing police cars. Hugh's experience best illustrates the...

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

People's physical attractiveness is a good predictor of their...

frequency of dating

Your roommate is conducting a survey to learn how many hours the typical college student studies each day. She plans to pass out her questionnaire to the members of her sorority. You point out that her findings will be flawed because:

the sample will probably not be representative of the population of interest

Driving home from work, Hughberta saw a car run off the road and burst into flames. Hughberta sopped her car and ran to the burning vehicle, and managed to pull the elderly driver to safety before the car exploded. Hughberta's behavior can be best explained by...

the social responsibility norm

Which of the following concepts is the most integral to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

the unconscious mind

Hughbert and Hughberta are on a blind date. Which of the following will probably be MOST influential in determining whether they like each other?

their physical attractiveness

One of the principle differences between the ethical guidelines for human and animal research is:

Animal subjects can be placed at much greater physical risk than human subjects can

After detailed study of a gunshot wound victim, a psychologist is likely to be important for memory functions. WHich research did the psychologist use to deduce this?

Case Study

Dr. Hughbertson explains to a client that his feelings of hostility toward a coworker are most likely caused by the way the client interprets the coworkers actions and the way he thinks that people should behave at work. Dr. Hughbertson is most likely working from what perspective?

Cognitive

During a dinner conversation, a friend says that cognitive an behavioral perspectives are quite similar. You disagree and point out that cognitive perspectives emphasizes __________, where as behavioral perspectives emphasizes ____________.

Conscious processes; observable responses

Which if the following hypotheses would be most difficult to test experimentally?

Divorce makes children more independent

Hughbert believes that psychologists should go back to using introspection as a research tool. This technique is based on...

Self-examination of mental processes

What is the correct sequence in the transmission of simple reflex?

Sensory neuron--interneuron--motor neuron

Antidepressant drugs like Prozac are often used to treat mood disorders. According to what you know about their function, which neurotransmitter system do these type of drugs attempt to affect?

Serotonin

The ___________ is a measure of _____________.

Standard Deviation; Variation

Hughberta believes that high doses of caffeine slow a person's reaction time. In order to test this belief, she has five friends each drink three 8-oz cups of coffee then measures their reaction time on a learning task. what is wrong with Hughberta's research strategy?

There is no control condition

According to the social exchange theory, a person's tendency toward altruistic behavior is based on...

a cost-benefit analysis of any action

Hughbie has always hated the color orange. However, once he became a student at Princeton, he began to wear a lot of orange Princeton Tiger clothing. This discomfort caused by his long-standing dislike of the color orange and his current ownership of so much orange and black striped clothing is known as...

cognitive dissonance

The deep affection that is felt in long-lasting relationships is called ________ love; this feeling is fostered in relationships in which ________.

compassionate; there is equity between both partners

Social traps are situations in which...

conflicting parties each pursue their self-interests and become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Regarding the influence of alcohol and testosterone on aggressive behavior, which of the following is true?

consumption od alcohol and injections of testosterone both promote aggressive behavior

In a study, factors might affect memory, research participants were assigned to drink either and alcoholic or a nonalcoholic beverage prior to completing a memory test. Those who drank nonalcoholic beverages participated in the _____________ condition.

control

The phenomenon in which individuals lose their identity and relinquish normal restraints when they are part of a group is called...

deindividuation

The more people present at a scene, the less likely it is that anyone will help a person in need. The phenomenon is a manifest of...

diffusion of social responsibility

Hughbie believes that his basketball game is always best when her wears his old gray athletic socks. Hughbie is a victim of the phenomenon called:

illusory correlation

On the first day of class, Mr. Compton divided his class into two competing groups. In the second week, Hughberta was sent to the principle's office for kicking several members of the opposite group. Mr. Compton is clearly at fault for encouraging...

in-group/out-group bias

In a experimental study of the effects of dieting on weight loss, dieting would be the:

independent variable

Research participants who work alongside someone who rubbed his or her face or shook his or her foot were observed to do the same thing themselves. this best illustrated:

the chameleon effect

Mr. Compton's daughter, Hannah, would like a small piece of chocolate before bedtime, but she suspects that papa will deny her request. Rather than asking for the chocolate directly, she approaches her papa and asks for a big bowl of ice cream. Of course Mr. Compton says, "NO WAY!" Hannah then says " Well, how about just a small chocolate candy then?" and Mr. Compton shrugs and says, "Okay". Hannah has effectively demonstrated ________________.

the door-in-the-face phenomenon

After the horror of 9/112, many people said the FBI and CIA should obviously have foreseen the likelihood of this form of terrorism. This perception most clearly illustrates:

the hindsight belief

Most people prefer mirror-image photographs of their faces. this is best explained by:

the mere exposure effect