ap pysc

The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called

cocktail party effect

Damage to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup is most likely to cause

conduction hearing loss

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures that sound waves pass through on the way to the auditory nerve?

eardrum, hammer, anvil, stirrup, cochlea

Many researchers believe that pleasing tastes attracted our ancestors to energy- or protein-rich foods that enabled their survival. Such researchers are most likely

evolutionary psychologists.

Telepathy refers to the

extrasensory transmission of thoughts from one mind to another

Which of the following types of cells are located in the brain's occipital lobe?

feature detectors

A floating sea vessel is to the ocean water as ________ is to ________

figure-ground

One of the ways we perceive images is by organizing stimuli into an object seen against its surroundings. What is this perceptual tendency called?

figure-ground

Imagine your friend walking toward you in the hall at school. As your friend gets closer, the image cast on your retina

gets larger

The mechanical vibrations triggered by sound waves are transduced into neural impulses by

hair cells

The discovery that high-frequency sounds trigger large vibrations near the beginning of the basilar membrane supports the ________ theory.

place

Margo insists that her dreams frequently enable her to perceive and predict future events. Margo is claiming to possess the power of

precognition

Complete sensation in the absence of complete perception is best illustrated by

Prosopagnosia

Accommodation refers to the

process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina

The perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called

proximity

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the

pupil

A perceptual set is a

readiness to perceive an object in an unfairly negative fashion

Distant trees were located closer to the top of the artist's canvas than were the nearby flowers. The artist was clearly using the distance cue known as

relative height

Which of the following is a binocular cue for the perception of distance?

retinal disparity

Which cells for visual processing are located closest to the back of the retina?

rods and cones

As you look at an apple, its reflected light travels to the eye. The rods and cones absorb the light and help transmit the information to the brain. This process best illustrates

sensation

The process by which our sensory systems convert stimulus energies into neural messages is called

sensory interaction

Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the

sensory receptors

Although textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of

shape constancy

As a door opens, it casts an increasingly trapezoidal shape on our retinas; however, we still perceive it as rectangular. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

shape constancy

Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds?

signal detection theory

As the retinal image of a horse galloping toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that the horse will appear to grow larger. This best illustrates the phenomenon of

size constancy

The quick succession of briefly flashed images in a motion picture produces

stroboscopic movement

Parapsychology refers to the

study of phenomena such as ESP and psychokinesis.

Experiments with the visual cliff suggest that

the ability to perceive depth is at least partly innate

The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as

webers law

Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to result in

nerve deafness

Interposition is a cue for depth perception in which closer objects

obstruct our view of distant objects

The brain's release of endorphins reduces

pain

The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates

parallel processing

The Moon illusion can best be explained in terms of the relationship between

perceived distance and perceived size

As the brain receives information about the lines, angles, and edges of objects in the environment, higher-level cells process and interpret the information to consciously recognize objects. This process best illustrates

perception

The process by which we select, organize, and interpret sensory information in order to recognize meaningful objects and events is called

perception

ESP refers to

perception that occurs apart from sensory inpu

Sensory adaptation refers to

diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus

Depth perception that uses information transmitted to only one eye depends on

moncular cues

Who emphasized that the whole may exceed the sum of its parts?

Gestal Pyschologists

The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the

absolute threshold

The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the

blind spot

While a man provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The student's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates

change blindness

taste and smell are both what kind of senses?

chemical

Research participants picked one of two photographed faces as more attractive. When researchers cleverly switched the photos, participants readily explained why they preferred the face they had actually rejected. Their behavior illustrated

choice blindness

Which of the following is the correct order of structures light passes through in the eye?

cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina

Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.

detection; interpretiation

Some people are better than others at detecting slight variations in the tastes of various blends of coffee. This best illustrates the importance of

difference thresholds

Standing in the checkout line at the grocery store, Jerry kept looking at his watch to see the time. As a result, he failed to see that a store employee was being robbed by a person just in front of him. Jerry most clearly suffered

inattentional blindness

The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the

iris

The philosopher John Locke believed that people

learn to perceive the world through experience.

Jody's horse looks just as black in the brilliant sunlight as it does in the dim light of the stable. This illustrates what is known as

lightness constancy.

The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as

linear perception

The pitch of a sound is determined by what?

the frequency of the sound wave

Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by

the opponent-process theory

The axons of ganglion cells converge to form

the optic nerve

Color constancy refers to the fact that

the perceived color of an object has a constant relation to its brightness

According to the Young-Helmholtz theory

the retina contains three kinds of color receptors

Patients' negative expectations about the outcome of a surgical procedure can increase their postoperative experience of pain. This best illustrates the importance of

top-down process

If we could stop our eyes from quivering as we stared at a stationary object, the object would probably

vanish from sight