ap world
For an new agricultural society to flourish, the main food supply tends to be A. A fast-growing cereal grain B. A varied supply of fruits and vegetables C. High-protein groundnuts D. Meat from well-fed, domesticated animals
A. A fast-growing cereal grain
The event most directly causing the end of the Roman Republic was A. A series of invasions by Germanic tribes B. A disastrous series of wars with Carthage C. Economic crises due to a decline in agricultural production D. A series of civil wars between groups of prominent populist generals and aristocrats
A. A series of invasions by Germanic tribes
Swahili culture is most accurately a blending of the cultures of A. Arabs and Bantu B. North Africans and West Africans C. Byzantines and Russians D. Western Europeans and North Africans
A. Arabs and Bantu
Buddhism is similar to Christianity in all ways EXCEPT A. Both have an active goal of converting others to the faith B. Both have their founding attributed to the teachings of one individual. C. Both have origins in the Middle East. D. Both formed as an offshoot sect of an older religion.
A. Both have an active goal of converting others to the faith
31. The major difference between Buddhism and Hinduism was A. Buddhism denied the need for caste, rites, and sacrifice to achieve nirvana. B. Hinduism was monotheistic and Buddhism was polytheistic. C. Buddhism denied rebirth and reincarnation and emphasized the importance of the real world. D. Hinduism supported the ruling castes, whereas Buddhism encouraged its followers to renounce the political world.
A. Buddhism denied the need for caste, rites, and sacrifice to achieve nirvana.
Judaism distinguished itself from contemporary religions most prominently through its A. Constant evangelism and conversion efforts B. Belief of slavery as a moral evil C. Written set of holy scriptures D. Belief in only one powerful deity
A. Constant evangelism and conversion efforts
During the late period of the Roman Empire (300-500), Christianity A. Declined due to increased persecution of its adherents B. Appealed primarily to upper-class people C. Denied the equality of women and impoverished people in matters of faith D. Experienced a change in its official status
A. Declined due to increased persecution of its adherents
Some historians have argued that significant social inequalities emerged only after the adaption of agriculture. Which of the following evidence most undermines that assertion? A. In the hunter-gatherer societies that exist today, men and women often share in the decision-making process B. Pre-agricultural archaeological sites show disparities in the size and quality of objects C. Rulers of ancient river valley civilizations claimed affinity with the gods D. Archaeological evidence from Neolithic settlements shows increasing variation in housing sizes
A. In the hunter-gatherer societies that exist today, men and women often share in the decision-making process
Iron weapons initially become more utilized than bronze weapons primarily because A. Iron is more easily found and smelted into usable items B. Iron weapons are stronger and more ductile than bronze ones C. Bronze weapons were solely reserved for higher-ranking warriors D. Iron weapons corroded more quickly than bronze alloys.
A. Iron is more easily found and smelted into usable items
Geography influenced Greek development because A. It made the area indefensible and open to periodic invasions. B. Large states formed easily around rich river valleys. C. Greece is rich in natural resources and had little need for trade. D. Each valley and island developed its own political traditions and states
A. It made the area indefensible and open to periodic invasions.
The concept of the Mandate of Heaven was among the cultural norms of A. Mesopotamia B. Egypt C. India D. China
A. Mesopotamia
The river valley civilization that would first typically organize into a series of expansive city-states was A. Mesopotamian B. Chinese C. Indian D. Egyptian
A. Mesopotamian
An accurate statement regarding women in Islam was A. Muhammad's wives began the tradition of veiling upper-class women. B. Marriage usually required large dowries given to the wife's family C. Rules in the Quran and hadiths allowed wives to be cared for by multiple husbands. D. Women were disallowed from initiating divorce during Muhammad's time
A. Muhammad's wives began the tradition of veiling upper-class women.
The primary function of guilds was to A. Provide mutual security and control of certain goods' production B. Maintain solid relationships between peasants and nobles C. Advise monarchs in political affairs D. Train foot-soldiers to replace knights in battles
A. Provide mutual security and control of certain goods' production
In Aztec society, conquest was undertaken most often as a means of A. Ritual sacrifice of Aztec warriors and the warriors of conquered tribes B. Ensuring a place in history as Aztec rulers received nothing from their predecessors C. Acquiring more farmland in support of Tenochtitlan D. Controlling trade routes within Mesoamerica
A. Ritual sacrifice of Aztec warriors and the warriors of conquered tribes
From the beginnings of the Roman Republic (509 BC) to the end of Pax Romana (180 AD) A. Roman territory included more areas of conquest B. Roman government trended more towards democracy C. Roman citizenship became increasingly rare D. Romans relied increasingly upon native-born troops to continue conquests
A. Roman territory included more areas of conquest
What major environmental factor did the Inca have to overcome in building an empire? A. Rough, mountainous terrain B. Lack of navigable rivers C. Desert heat and aridity D. Thick jungle between villages
A. Rough, mountainous terrain
During the Han Era, government posts were primarily awarded on the basis of A. Tests concerning Confucian principles B. Loyalty to the Emperor C. Distinguished military service D. Noble birth in prominent families
A. Tests concerning Confucian principles
8000 BC is used by historians as the beginning of a specific age due mostly to A. The popularization of sedentary agriculture. B. The technological boom of the Bronze Age C. The extinction of hunter-gatherer societies D. The introduction of written expression
A. The popularization of sedentary agriculture.
"I am a griot... we are vessels of speech; we are the repositories which harbor secrets many centuries old. Without us the names of kings would vanish into oblivion. We are the memory of mankind; by the spoken word we bring to life the deeds and exploits of kings for younger generations.... I teach kings the history of their ancestors so that the lives of the ancients might serve them as an example, for the world is old, but the future springs from the past." An African griot (storyteller), circa 1950, introducing the oral epic of King Sundiata of Mali, composed circa 1400 C.E. 70. The introduction by the griot is intended to serve which of the following purposes? A. To establish the griot's authority by connecting him to the past B. To exalt the Malian kings above previous dynasties C. To highlight the griot's unique abilities compared with other griots D. To portray Mali as a progressive society that is improving
A. To establish the griot's authority by connecting him to the past
Flying buttresses and vaults were primarily utilized A. To increase the size and physical stability of stone cathedrals and castles B. As weapons utilized by Western Europeans against Vikings C. As architectural designs copied from earlier Roman and Byzantine styles D. Methods of increasing agricultural production
A. To increase the size and physical stability of stone cathedrals and castles
The initial response to Muhammad's preaching in Mecca was A. Violence and condemnation, as his teaching threatened the social and political order B. Shunning, as Islam was polytheistic and the traditional Meccan religion was monotheistic C. Acceptance, as Islam embraced banking and trade D. Disapproval, as Islam was accepted by Berbers but not Arabs
A. Violence and condemnation, as his teaching threatened the social and political order
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all early Neolithic civilizations? A. Written communication B. Agricultural surplus C. Economic specialization D. Significant population growth
A. Written communication
Between 700 and 400 BC, Greek culture was politically unified by A. Democratic elections held in regional city-states B. A military alliance against Persia C. A trade league centered in Sparta D. The conquest of most of Greece by Athens
B. A military alliance against Persia
Before 600 AD, large, centralized empires, such as the Han and Roman Empires, extended their military power by A. Giving more political power to common people, thus eliminating the need for a large occupying force. B. Developing supply lines, well-kept roads, and defensive walls for protection against invaders. C. Creating open societies and allowing acculturation, decreasing the chance of violent revolts. D. Recruiting members of their army from the core territories and excluding those from newly-conquered places
B. Developing supply lines, well-kept roads, and defensive walls for protection against invaders.
The major lasting result of the Crusades was the A. Conversion of Eastern Europe to Roman Catholicism. B. Establishment of cultural, scientific, and economic contacts between Europe and the Middle East. C. Reformation of Islamic doctrine under Saladin's rule. D. Destruction of the European nobility.
B. Establishment of cultural, scientific, and economic contacts between Europe and the Middle East.
Chan (Zen) Buddhism A. Began in Japan and spread to China and Korea B. Greatly influenced Chinese and Japanese art with its focus on natural beauty C. Was adopted by many lower-class Chinese because of its emphasis on the afterlife and salvation D. Was less persecuted than Pure Land Buddhism in the late Tang dynasty
B. Greatly influenced Chinese and Japanese art with its focus on natural beauty
Western Europeans had to seek out precious minerals in Africa and the New World during the 16th Century primarily because A. Mongol invasions demanded greater amounts of tribute B. Increased prices in Chinese luxury goods were not met by trade in European raw materials C. Trade throughout Europe had collapsed and precious minerals were seen as the sole source of value D. Precious minerals were utilized more as a universal system of exchange in guild systems
B. Increased prices in Chinese luxury goods were not met by trade in European raw materials
The discovery and adoption of agriculture A. Increased the importance of women within agricultural societies B. Increased the possibility of an outbreak of infectious diseases C. Lessened the time that farmers spent producing food D. Lessened conflict over material goods
B. Increased the possibility of an outbreak of infectious diseases
The most accurate statement regarding Mongol and Chinese cultural exchange is A. The Mongols adapted their cavalry organization from Chinese generals B. Mongols actively discouraged Chinese adaptation of Mongol culture, but accepted some aspects of Chinese culture C. Mongols actively placed Song officials in prominent roles of governance and bureaucracy D. Mongols believed that the Chinese were culturally inferior and backward
B. Mongols actively discouraged Chinese adaptation of Mongol culture, but accepted some aspects of Chinese culture
"Buddha was a man of the barbarians who did not speak the language of China and wore clothes of a different fashion. His sayings did not concern the ways of our ancient kings, nor did his manner of dress conform to their laws. He understood neither the duties that bind sovereign and subject, nor the affections of father and son." 83. The following quote would most likely be stated by a believer of A. Mahayana Buddhism B. Neo-Confucianism C. Shintoism D. Eastern Orthodox Christianity
B. Neo-Confucianism
What was the attitude of the Abbasids toward the institution of slavery? A. The Abbasid dynasty forbade slavery in general. B. Permitted slavery of Muslims, but forbade the enslavement of members of other religions. C. Elites extensively utilized male and female slaves as concubines and domestic servants. D. The dynasty permitted slavery of Muslims exclusively from foreign lands.
B. Permitted slavery of Muslims, but forbade the enslavement of members of other religions.
Other than Arabs, the primary cultural influences in the later Abbasid period were A. Indian and Byzantine B. Persian and Turkish C. Greek and Mongolian D. Russian and Egyptian
B. Persian and Turkish
All of the following crops of East Asian origin were transplanted to Africa, the Middle East, and Europe between 1000-1450 EXCEPT A. Rice B. Potatoes C. Oranges D. Bananas
B. Potatoes
Because of their level of technological development, Aztec work and production A. Relied heavily on tools and machines. B. Relied heavily on the physical labor of humans. C. Utilized domesticated beasts of burden extensively. D. Were performed exclusively by slaves and conquered or tributary states.
B. Relied heavily on the physical labor of humans.
The primary reason for the concentration of early medieval universities in one area as evidenced on he map on the right is A. Re-opening of universities founded during the Roman Republic B. Sponsorship of the Roman Catholic Church C. Location of most Crusades-era battles in Europe D. Access to Muslim libraries
B. Sponsorship of the Roman Catholic Church
The religion codified in the Vedas originated most prominently with A. The Egyptian priestly class B. Sumerian conquerors C. Aryan invaders in the Indus Valley D. Phoenician traders
B. Sumerian conquerors
The emergence of agriculture, or the Neolithic Revolution, caused all of the following EXCEPT A. The ability of humans to settle more permanently in one location B. The extinction and disappearance of hunter-gatherer communities C. A rapid growth in population D. The decreased status of women in society.
B. The extinction and disappearance of hunter-gatherer communities
Sufis were effective in spreading Islam throughout Asia because A. They were commissioned directly by Muhammad to spreadIslam. B. They accommodated other faith's traditions and emphasized individually finding God. C. They were backed financially by the Abbasid Empire. D. They were exceptional warriors.
B. They accommodated other faith's traditions and emphasized individually finding God.
The teachings of Confucius primarily wanted followers A. To convert those of other faiths B. To follow a simple moral code C. To eliminate worldly possessions D. To believe in one supreme being
B. To follow a simple moral code
Christianity and Islam during this period share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT A. A major split into multiple factions B. Wars against Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms C. Clear commands to preach and spread the faith to others D. Participation of its adherents in the Crusades
B. Wars against Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms
In Tang China, the exam system to become a scholar-bureaucrat A. Was restricted to the sons of the aristocrats. B. Was open, but favored the scholar-gentry class C. Was closed, and favored retired military officers D. Favored Buddhists and Muslim scholars
B. Was open, but favored the scholar-gentry class
The structure seen to the left would most likely be found in: A. West Africa B. Western Europe C. Eastern Europe D. The Arabian Peninsula Church
B. Western Europe
600 BC is considered a turning point in human history by historians primarily because A. The founding of Buddhism B. Widespread invasions and new technologies led to the rise of large empires. C. The development of writing by most civilizations D. River valley civilizations were wiped out by epidemic disease
B. Widespread invasions and new technologies led to the rise of large empires.
The Qin Dynasty was particularly short-lived primarily because the A. The dynasty lacked a strong bureaucratic system B. political power was vested in the emperor, who died unexpectedly C. The dynasty shunned traditional Confucian principles. D. The dynasty was invaded by nomads from the North and destroyed
B. political power was vested in the emperor, who died unexpectedly
The issue which eventually split Muslims into Shia and Sunni sects involved A. The conversion of non-Arabs to Islam. B. The morality of holy war (jihad) against enemies of the faith. C. A dispute over who was Mohammed's legitimate successor. D. The accuracy of different translations and versions of the Quran.
C. A dispute over who was Mohammed's legitimate successor.
The development of writing in Neolithic societies A. Spread quickly among civilizations who adopted it B. Lead to clear written communication among common people C. Allowed for more elaborate legal codes and contracts D. Destroyed the importance of oral history
C. Allowed for more elaborate legal codes and contracts
Buddhism was persecuted in the late Tang Dynasty for all the following reasons EXCEPT A. Buddhist lands were untaxed by the state B. Buddhist monks could not be drafted for the military or for public works projects C. Buddhist leaders had led rebellions against the Tang D. Buddhism was seen as an alien religion by the nationalistic Tang emperors
C. Buddhist leaders had led rebellions against the Tang
The largest-scale and most successful method of increasing Aztec food production was when: A. Obtained food through tribute from conquered city-states. B. Used slave labor on plantations. C. Built floating agricultural islands D. Utilized different food production techniques learned from conquered tribes.
C. Built floating agricultural islands
For if I am subject to the Muslim, at least he will not force me to share his faith. But if I had to be under Frankish rule ... I may have to separate myself from God." ~ Patriarch John X Kameteros, Patriarch of Constantinople (1198-1206) 55. The following quote most likely was given following: A. The Orthodox Church's fracturing due to iconoclasm B. A Byzantine alliance with Muslims against barbarian invasions C. Frustration with the events of the Great Schism D. The overthrow of the Byzantine emperor by the Turks
C. Frustration with the events of the Great Schism
All of the following religions/philosophies first developed during the 600 BC-600 AD period EXCEPT A. Daoism B. Christianity C. Hinduism D. Buddhism
C. Hinduism
The Middle Ages and feudalism come into being for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A. A decline in trading B. Increased barbarian invasions C. Increased centralized government D. Population moving out of cities
C. Increased centralized government
Missionaries of the Byzantine Empire had the greatest success in creating converts in A. Eastern Europe B. The Middle East C. India D. North Africa
C. India
What statement best explains the adoption of the Arabic language in North Africa? A. The retreat of the Roman Empire allowed people to return to their native language. B. Arabic conquest destroyed the native population C. Islamic conquest resulted in many conversions to Islam and the adoption of Islamic customs. D. The defeat of the Byzantine Empire convinced many inhabitants of the superiority of Arabic culture
C. Islamic conquest resulted in many conversions to Islam and the adoption of Islamic customs.
Which of these statements is true of the Abbasid Caliphate? A. It heavily persecuted Jews and Christians B. It forbade commercial relations with China C. It readily sought out and accepted other cultures' knowledge. D. It provided solid leadership when European crusaders invaded.
C. It readily sought out and accepted other cultures' knowledge.
Polynesian seafarers are responsible for the colonization of all of the following areas EXCEPT A. Hawaii B. New Zealand C. Japan D. Easter Island (Rapa Nui)
C. Japan
The primary obligations of a lord to peasants (or vassals) are A. Providing a portion of his crops to peasants B. Free use of tools in the maintenance of fields C. Land and protection from invaders D. Payment for goods and services
C. Land and protection from invaders
A universal trait of social structures in the period of 600 BC to 600 AD includes all EXCEPT A. The dominance of fathers and male figures within families B. The development of social hierarchies based on wealth and status C. Less economic reliance on coerced labor and slavery D. Greater differentiation of ethnic and racial differences due to expansion and conflict
C. Less economic reliance on coerced labor and slavery
The primary reason for fewer sedentary civilizations forming in North America was A. Lack of technology for maintaining farms B. Mostly poor areas in which to engage in agriculture C. Low population and large open spaces for hunting D. A series of plagues wiping out most sedentary civilizations
C. Low population and large open spaces for hunting
Contacts between Hindus and Muslims led to A. Constant warfare between the two groups. B. Muslim adaptation of many Hindu social practices. C. Mass conversion of Hindus to Islam. D. Decreased trade opportunities with China
C. Mass conversion of Hindus to Islam.
All of these Indian groups had members who were attracted to Islam and converted EXCEPT: A. Buddhists B. Lower-caste Hindus C. Members of the cult of Bhakti D. Merchants
C. Members of the cult of Bhakti
One could advance from the lower Hindu caste system primarily by A. Being educated as a Brahman through arduous study of the Vedas. B. Joining the military as a Kshatriya and performing well in battle C. Performing well at one's duty in life and being rewarded in the next. D. Marrying into a higher caste than one's own.
C. Performing well at one's duty in life and being rewarded in the next.
Between 200 BC and 200 AD, the Silk Road facilitated trade between which of the following two empires? A. Incan and Aztec B. Gupta and Abbasid C. Roman and Han D. Mali and Byzantine
C. Roman and Han
Serfs differed from slaves in that A. Serfs were commercialized artisans while slaves were agricultural workers. B. Serfs were Europeans while slaves were Muslims, pagans, and Africans. C. Serfs could not be bought or sold, and owned some of the land they farmed. D. Serfs could serve in the military, while slaves could not.
C. Serfs could not be bought or sold, and owned some of the land they farmed.
"209. If a man strike a free-born woman so that she lose her unborn child, he shall pay ten shekels for her loss. 210. If the woman die, his daughter shall be put to death. 211. If a woman of the free class lose her child by a blow, he shall pay five shekels in money. 212. If this woman die, he shall pay half a mina." This excerpt from the Code of Hammurabi illustrates which of the following aspects of Babylonian society? A. It was marked by social inequalities B. The King's rule was considered divine C. That it was marred by violence towards women D. It moved away from corporal punishment for crimes.
C. That it was marred by violence towards women
When comparing Mauryan and Gupta India, all of these statements are true EXCEPT A. Both governments officially promoted a state religion. B. The Mauryans controlled more territory at its height than the Gupta Empire C. The Gupta Empire persecuted and marginalized Hinduism during its existence. D. The Gupta Empire placed less emphasis on bureaucracy and maintaining a standing army.
C. The Gupta Empire persecuted and marginalized Hinduism during its existence.
The period of the Neolithic Revolutions and river valley civilizations ended c. 600 BC when A. Iron and bronze smelting techniques were perfected B. Widespread invasions and new technologies led to the rise of large empires. C. The civilizations developed writing. D. River valley civilizations were wiped out by epidemic disease.
C. The civilizations developed writing.
39. Buddhism shares the following general beliefs with Hinduism EXCEPT A. Reincarnation of spirits and all a cyclical view of existence B. A focus on asceticism and self-discipline in one's life C. The formation of castes of people D. Ethical codes defined by dharma and karma
C. The formation of castes of people
The lasting impact of Alexander the Great's conquests was A. The elimination of foreign influences from Greek culture. B. The establishment of a unified govt. based on Athenian democracy C. The spread of Greek culture throughout the Eastern Mediterranean. D. The destruction of regional trade and commerce
C. The spread of Greek culture throughout the Eastern Mediterranean.
The primary economic and political grouping system for Paleolithic groups were in A. Small familial bands led by elder members B. Oligarchies led by prominent traders C. Theocracies led by a priestly class D. Monarchies dominated by those skilled in making tools and weaponry
C. Theocracies led by a priestly class
Which of the following is true about the Indian caste system? A. Its top stratum was Sikhs B. All Aryans were considered Brahman C. There was virtually no social mobility D. Intermarriage between classes was common
C. There was virtually no social mobility
Buddhism in Japan A. Discouraged the practice of Shintoism for common people B. Was embraced by the ruling classes but rejected by lower-class people. C. Was reinforced by Japan sending Buddhist missionaries to China to study during the Song Era D. Suffered an immense backlash by Neo-Confucianists during the Minamoto Era
C. Was reinforced by Japan sending Buddhist missionaries to China to study during the Song Era
The Umayyad Caliphate ended when A. A plague wiped out the population of Damascus B. Crusaders took control of Jerusalem and the Eastern Mediterranean C. Mongols attacked and killed the caliph D. Another prominent Muslim faction won a civil war
D. Another prominent Muslim faction won a civil war
"When your father is alive observe his intentions. When he is deceased, model yourself on the memory of his behavior. If in three years after his death you have not deviated from your father's ways, then you may be considered a filial child." 27. The previous quote could best be attributed to a follower of: A. Christianity B. Buddhism C. Hinduism D. Confucianism
D. Confucianism
Unlike the Romans in the Western part of the empire, the Byzantine Empire A. Recognized the political influence of the Pope and Catholic Church. B. Continued to use Latin as their official language C. Had significant portions of its population convert to Islam. D. Did not fall to Germanic invasions in the 5th-7th centuries.
D. Did not fall to Germanic invasions in the 5th-7th centuries.
Particular societies' resistance to adapting agriculture stemmed from all EXCEPT A. The lack of necessity to do so B. Isolation from other agricultural groups C. The use of pastoralism in grasslands unsuitable for farming D. Fast-growing populations
D. Fast-growing populations
Surplus production of goods A. Is caused by poor cultivation methods B. Prevents social classes from forming C. Prevented nomadic invasions D. Gave rise to the specialization of labor
D. Gave rise to the specialization of labor
"For the sake of preservation of this entire creation, Purusha, the exceedingly resplendent one, assigned separate duties to the classes which had spring from his mouth, arms, thighs, and feet." Code of Manu, c. 300 BC 31. The passage above reflects the cultural traditions of A. Confucianism B. Buddhism C. Judaism D. Hinduism
D. Hinduism
The start of sedentary agriculture A. Began in the savannas of West Africa. B. Ended the practice of hunting and gathering worldwide C. Started in southwest Asia first but developed independently in other places soon after. D. Initially led to longer lifespans among in societies that practiced it
D. Initially led to longer lifespans among in societies that practiced it
Which of the following contributed most significantly to the fall of both the western Roman and Han Empires? A. Destruction and disruption of overland trade routes B. Irregularities in the flow of the silver trade C. New military technologies utilized by other groups against them D. Invasion by other groups near the borders of the empires
D. Invasion by other groups near the borders of the empires
Daoism was an attractive alternative to Confucianism because A. It called for harsher punishments for crimes. B. The Han Empire saw Confucianism as a threat to order. C. Study of Daoism allowed a greater chance of being accepted into the bureaucracy. D. It allowed a look at the spiritual, while Confucianism focused upon the secular.
D. It allowed a look at the spiritual, while Confucianism focused upon the secular.
Early Islamic movements focused less on converting the people of conquered areas primarily because A. Most of the people conquered were considered People of the Book and not taxed. B. Conquered non-Arabs were considered too uncivilized to be considered true Muslims. C. Large-scale conversions would not be embraced until the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate. D. It was more lucrative to have non-believers pay taxes.
D. It was more lucrative to have non-believers pay taxes.
The geographic centers of sedentary, agricultural, and imperial social groupings in the Americas between 600 and 1450 could best be defined as A. Located along the Atlantic coast of North America B. Scattered throughout the Amazon Rainforests of Brazil and Colombia C. Originating in the Pacific coast of North America and spreading eastward D. Located primarily in southern Mexico and in the Andes mountains
D. Located primarily in southern Mexico and in the Andes mountains
Of the major crops listed below, the primary ones utilized by early American civilizations were A. Tomatoes and wheat B. Rice and barley C. Sorghum and soy D. Maize (corn) and potatoes
D. Maize (corn) and potatoes
The Abbasid Caliphate effectively ended when A. Byzantines annexed Turkish territory into it B. Its political center moved to India C. Turkish leaders took control after a civil war D. Mongols sacked Baghdad, killing the last caliph
D. Mongols sacked Baghdad, killing the last caliph
Trading along the eastern coast of Africa did not extend to the southern tip of the continent until the 16th Century because A. Ships at the time were too small to make such a long voyage. B. Trading with southern Africa was seen as an unprofitable enterprise. C. Native resistance to trade and cultural conversion was greater in southern Africa. D. Monsoon winds would turn against ships making a voyage too far south during a voyage
D. Monsoon winds would turn against ships making a voyage too far south during a voyage
In the Indus Valley, strong government and ruling class are historically indicated by A. Written records, especially law codes. B. Ruins of temples dedicated to their gods C. Tombs of leaders and warriors. D. Planned cities and public works
D. Planned cities and public works
"What is recorded in the Buddhist scriptures is analogous to the teachings contained in the scripture of Lao-Tze (Daoism's founder) in China, and it is actually believed that Lao-Tze, after having gone to India, instructed the barbarians and became the Buddha." Yu Huan, Chinese Historian, c. 250 BC 32. In this fictional account of Buddhism's origins, Yu Huan's audience was most likely A. Economists that wish to examine the social links between Chinese and Indian interactions. B. Daoists that Yu Huan wanted to convert into Buddhists. C. Historians wanting to know of the Buddha's teachings. D. Politicians wanting to assert the superiority of Chinese culture over Indian culture
D. Politicians wanting to assert the superiority of Chinese culture over Indian culture
Before 500 AD, Judaism and Hinduism are similar in that both A. Had written scriptures and an ethical code to B. Had spread widely around the Roman Empire C. Promoted the concept of reincarnation D. Promoted monastic life and a rejection of the outside world
D. Promoted monastic life and a rejection of the outside world
All of the following cultural aspects of Japanese civilizations were adopted from other cultures EXCEPT A. Mahayana Buddhism. B. Confucian court etiquette C. Written language D. Shintoism
D. Shintoism
Cattle raising in Sub-Saharan Africa was most severely limited by A. Lack of suitable space and grassland for grazing B. Cultural taboos regarding the consumption of beef C. Reliance on agriculture as a primary source of food D. Spreading of infectious disease affecting the livestock
D. Spreading of infectious disease affecting the livestock
600 AD is considered a turning point in human history mostly because of A. The incorporation of sub-Saharan Africa, eastern Asia, and Western Europe into international systems of exchange and trade B. The shift towards naval capability as the primary means of expanding empires C. The rise of Christianity and Buddhism as accepted, widespread religions D. The collapse of the Western Roman, Han, and Gupta Empires
D. The collapse of the Western Roman, Han, and Gupta Empires
Following the establishment of the Shogunate in Japan A. The emperor was deposed and killed B. Buddhism was proclaimed the state religion of Japan C. Shoguns served as Shinto and Buddhist priests D. The emperor was kept alive as a figurehead leader
D. The emperor was kept alive as a figurehead leader
Trans-Saharan trade was facilitated most prominently by A. The usage of saddles and stirrups for horses B. Sea-based trade down the coast of W. Africa C. Well-known maps of oases for traders D. The introduction and breeding of camels
D. The introduction and breeding of camels
By 1450, Islamic culture had established contact with all of these regions EXCEPT A. East Asia B. South Asia C. North Africa D. Western Europe
D. Western Europe
Which of these is an example of the development of the actions of a patriarchal society during this time period (to 600 BC)? A. Family descent and property inheritance were traced through the mother's line. B. A woman could have had more than one husband. C. After marriage, a woman moved to the residence of her husband's family. D. Women and men had equal legal rights as written into the first law codes.
D. Women and men had equal legal rights as written into the first law codes.
"The Crusader states were able to cling to survival only through frequent delivery of supplies and manpower from Europe. [They] were defended primarily by three semi-monastic military orders: the Templars, the Hospitallers, and the Teutonic Knights. Combining monasticism and militarism, these orders served to protect pilgrims and to wage perpetual war against the Muslims." Palmira Brummett, world historian, 2007 "Whenever I visited Jerusalem, I always entered the al-Aqsa Mosque, beside which stood a small mosque which the Franks had converted into a church.... [T]he Templars... who were my friends, would evacuate the little adjoining mosque so that I could pray in it." Usamah ibn Munqidh, Muslim historian, Jerusalem, circa 1138 52. The second passage does not support the first passage because the second passage A. shows that an influx of manpower from Europe was not critical for the survival of the Crusader states B. shows that Muslims vastly outnumbered Europeans in the Crusader states C. minimizes the importance of Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights in ruling Crusader states D. presents an incident in which a military order supported a Muslim traveler
D. presents an incident in which a military order supported a Muslim traveler
In comparing Han China's decline with Imperial Rome, which of the following statements is correct? A. Both would later be absorbed by Hellenistic empires. B. Both would be defeated by nomadic invasions. C. Both were defeated by more technologically advanced enemies. D. Both had democratic rule ended by strong dictatorships.
b Both would be defeated by nomadic invasions
The primary trade between North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa during 600 to 1450 AD could best be described as A. The exchange of slaves from West Africa for gold from North Africa B. The exchange of livestock from North Africa for agricultural produce from West Africa C. The exchange of salt from North Africa for gold from West Africa D. The exchange of raw materials from West Africa with finished products from North Africa
c. The exchange of salt from North Africa for gold from West Africa
