ap world

Compared with late-nineteenth-century East or South Asian migrants to other world regions, the ancestors of the populations shown in the table likely received a somewhat better reception in their host societies for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Because of the ethnic and religious diversity of Caribbean colonial societies, there was no prejudice against newcomers, and immigrants, including Indian laborers, were generally welcomed by local populations.

Which of the following aspects of the immediate historical situation in China in 1958 best explains the author's perspective in the passage?

Chinese leaders had made it clear that meeting the goals of the Great Leap Forward was the highest priority facing the country.

Which of the flowing best explains how the immediate historical situation of the proclamation of Biafran independence from Nigeria informed the author's statements in the third paragraph?

Claiming to uphold the rule of law and oppose government corruption had become the norm for those seeking political power, even for military leaders seeking to challenge elected governments.

Which of the following could best be used to counter Vandana Shiva's criticism of the effects of globalization on the world's agricultural practices, as outlined in the passage?

Data on population and food production trends in developing countries before the advent of industrial farming in the mid-twentieth century

Which of the following best explains Lt. Colonel Ojukwu's purpose in including the information in the first paragraph in his independence proclamation?

He wanted to outline a list of East Nigerian grievances in order to justify the political action he was about to take.

Which of the following best explains why Schama uses the claim that the British government did not have to apply any "undue pressure" on either factory owners or factory workers during the war?

He wanted to support his argument that Britons were completely mobilized for the war effort.

Which of the following best explains Niebuhr's sense of alarm about Soviet intentions in occupied Eastern Europe?

He was concerned that Americans would be reluctant to see their recent allies in the Second World War as a threat.

Which of the following pieces of information that Trollope reveals about himself in the passage might best explain his contention that economic inequalities ought to be addressed "gradually and without any sudden disruption of society"?

His admission that he was born into a fortunate condition

Which of the following best explains how this photograph from the Second World War can be connected to the Cold War that began shortly afterward?

It shows the technological advances made by one of the victors of the Second World War that solidified its position as a postwar superpower.

Together with access to coal deposits, which environmental factor most directly contributed to Great Britain's early industrialization?

Its abundance of iron ore

Which of the following aspects of the Marxist critique of capitalism would be most useful in understanding why the author of the passage chose to invoke Karl Marx's thought in the first paragraph?

Many Marxists criticized imperialism for arresting the economic development of the colonies and reducing them to mere raw material export economies, and Wesseling appears to agree with that criticism.

Which of the following arguments could be most effectively used to undermine Vandana Shiva's implicit criticism of free trade and globalization in the passage?

Many developing countries could never become self-sufficient food producers because of limitations of size, climate, and available cropland.

Which of the following would most likely be cited to explain a weakness in Soros' arguments in the passage about the power granted to free-market forces in the global economy?

Market forces are constrained to a large extent by regulations imposed by governments, international economic institutions, and regional trade agreements.

The rapid growth of industrial output in Russia during the 1890s was most likely comparable to the growth of industrial output in which other state during the same period?

Meiji Japan

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the positions expressed by the authors of the two sources regarding the idea that existing political boundaries should be changed so that each nation has its own state?

Neither Source 1 nor Source 2 explicitly supports the idea.

Which of the following best explains why people from nonindustrialized regions constituted the majority of migrants in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Nonindustrialized regions often experienced large population increases that made it more difficult for people to find local jobs.

The policy position of the Manitoba Liberal Party quoted in the appeal is best seen as a continuation of which of the following broader trends in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

Political parties embracing mass politics and broader popular participation in the democratic process

Which of the following is an implicit claim that the author makes in the second paragraph?

Religion has been a force holding back the progress of humanity.

Witbooi's perspective in the last paragraph is historically significant because it most directly illustrates which of the following rationales for African people resisting European imperial encroachment?

Resistance to preserve traditional political structures threatened by direct European territorial expansion

The passage can best be used to explain the role of which of the following in bringing about the First World War?

Rival great power alliances

The makeup of the force shown in the image is best explained by the fact that by 1917

Russia's army morale and home-front effort were collapsing because of the strains of total war

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the views expressed in the two sources?

Source 1 emphasizes the importance of religious identities and solidarities as drivers of human behavior, whereas Source 2 emphasizes the importance of ethno-linguistic identities and solidarities as drivers of human behavior.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the arguments made in the two sources regarding ideas of liberty and equality?

Source 1 rejects the ideas because of the threat they represent to multinational empires, whereas Source 2 rejects the ideas because of the universal and equalizing nature of their claims.

Japanese expansion in the late nineteenth century is most directly explained in the context of the decline of which of the following empires?

The Qing Empire

Which of the following aspects of the immediate historical situation in which the letter was written best explains the author's demands toward the end of the second paragraph?

The Soviet government used the pretext of the ongoing civil war to engage in repressive policies against entire sections of its population.

The authors' discussion in the third paragraph of "the marked acceleration in health care improvements" in China after 1950 refers most directly to which of the following historical developments?

The communist victory in China's civil war

The image is best understood in which of the following contexts of both the Second World War and the Cold War?

The continued importance of industry in improving military capacity

Which of the following is best supported by the information shown on the graph?

The cost of technologies that rely on the use of petroleum declined less rapidly than the cost of technologies that do not rely on the use of petroleum.

Considering global trends in late-nineteenth-century migration movements, the Indian migrations to the Caribbean that produced the demographic situation shown in the table most likely led to which of the following short-term effects?

The creation of Indian ethnic enclaves in Caribbean societies

The economic changes in rapidly industrializing countries such as the Russian Empire in the late nineteenth century led most directly to which of the following social or intellectual changes during the same period?

The creation of new social classes and class consciousness

Which of the following best explains why transoceanic migration increased significantly in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

The development of steam-powered ships made it easier and safer for people to cross the oceans.

Wesseling's argument in the second paragraph best illustrates which of the following important distinctions within the practice of imperialism in the nineteenth century?

The difference between the economic effects of direct and indirect imperialism

Considering the purpose of the letter, it most likely overstates which of the following?

The extent to which wealthy Russians continued to live exactly as they did before the revolution (second paragraph).

Which other process in the mid to late nineteenth century most directly led to situations in which non-Western countries found it very difficult to protect their indigenous industries from Western competition, as described in the passage?

The imposition of free-trade regimes on countries such as China, the Ottoman Empire, and Latin American countries through military or diplomatic pressure from Western countries

The rapid growth of nineteenth-century industrial cities such as Manchester is best understood in the context of which of the following economic developments?

The increases in agricultural productivity that freed up laborers for work in factories

Which of the following best describes a main idea common to both passages?

The new organizations should facilitate greater international cooperation.

The point of view that Hitler expresses in the first three paragraphs is most directly significant in helping to explain how which of the following contributed to starting the Second World War?

The provisions of the Treaty of Versailles that ended the First World War

The economic statistics cited by Wesseling in the first paragraph are most likely intended to illustrate which aspect of the nineteenth-century global context?

The role of British imperial policy in reversing the development of Indian textile manufacturing

The image could best be understood as evidence for which of the following developments?

The shift in the global balance of power associated with the Second World War

The passage can best be used to illustrate which of the following developments in the 1970s and 1980s?

The way in which government efforts to suppress criticism and restrict freedom of speech proved ineffective in stemming public discontent within communist regimes

Which of the following best characterizes the significance of the events in Russia in the winter of 1917, as shown in the image?

They started a process that eventually led to a communist revolution.

Iwasaki's position in the letter on the relationship between the Mitsubishi Company and the Japanese government is most clearly a response to

Western governments gaining access to Japan's markets by imposing laissez-faire economic regimes

Which of the following aspects of the international context in which the petition was produced most likely strengthened the petitioners' demands?

Women's critical contributions to the home front effort during The First World War

In the late twentieth century, members of conservationist and environmentalist movements would most likely have cited the data in all of the following lines of the table as support for their concerns EXCEPT

World Economy and World industrial output

Waterways such as canals and rivers were important in the process of early industrialization because they provided

a means for integrating economic activities in regional and national markets

Witbooi's point of view in discussing his right to rule the Nama lands "by double conquest" is historically significant mostly because it illustrates how

interethnic conflicts in Africa led to political fragmentation and ultimately limited Africans' ability to resist imperialism

Witbooi's statement in the last paragraph that he would likely be killed in the process of resisting the Germans is historically significant because it shows that Africans understood the

low probability that armed resistance would be successful because of the military advantages of Europeans

Based on the author's point of view, it is most likely that the information presented in the passage

overstates the extent to which Northern Nigerians were responsible for undermining the united Nigerian state

The argument in the third paragraph regarding the connection between the Partition of India in 1947 and Punjabi migrations to Britain in the 1950s is most directly supported by the author's claim that

resettling Partition refugees led to an economic crisis in rural Punjab, leading to further population movements

The letter's significance as a source of information on popular attitudes to Bolshevik revolutionary policies lies in the fact that it suggests that some Soviet citizens

supported the Bolsheviks in their nationalization of industrial property but urged them to seize the upper classes' private property as well

In addition to the factors exemplified by the passage, the end of the Cold War was also directly hastened by all of the following EXCEPT

the signing of nuclear arms control treaties between the United States and the Soviet Union

Unlike the four scenes in the top two rows of the lithograph, the inclusion of the two scenes in the bottom row is best explained by

the technological innovations of the second industrial revolution

In addition to Japan, which of the following non-European states created an empire in the Asia-Pacific region in the late nineteenth century?

the united states

The changes reflected in which of the following lines in the table are most directly associated with international conflicts over scarce natural resources in the late twentieth century?

world water use and world marine fish catch