AP World Chapter 4 (1000-30 BCE) Greece and Iran
Persian Wars:
conflicts between Greek city-states and Persian Empire. It was where Xerxes(persian) tries to invade Greece and then Greek city-states form an alliance and eventually defeat the Persians. Athens had the navy. Sparta had the soldiers.
Satrap:
governor of a Persian province. However, the outlying provinces got more autonomy and therefore those satraps were more corrupt. However, Persian Administration was very complex.
Hellenistic Age:
political and cultural influence of Greece over foreign subjects in North Africa and western Asia. Take note that this influence will last for many, many years. And the Hellenistic Age was very cosmopolitan.
Greek states were defended by:
private citizens
Zoroastrianism:
religion originating in ancient Iran. It was a monotheistic religion and focused on the battle between good and evil, truth, purity, and reverence for nature. Might have influenced Christianity and Judaism. This also influenced Darius to make a very fair empire. Ahuramazda was their God.
What was an important aspect of Greek life?
sacrifices to the God
Under Darius, his subjects were:
still allowed to live under their own laws
Alexandria:
A city in Egypt during the Hellenistic Age. It was the greatest city in the world with a diverse population, center of commerce, and great culture.
Peloponnesian War:
A conflict between Athenian and Spartan alliances. Sparta prevailed due to the Persians helping Sparta and Athens making mistakes.
Greece's new ideas and philosophy:
Big Three philosophers were: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle. Greece had developed new ideas that led to math, science, individualism, and history.
Hoplites were:
Close-formed ranks of soldiers (Greek)
Why did satrapies have more autonomy the farther they were from the central seat of government?
Communication was so slow that it was impractical to refer matters to the central government.
Who united the various Persian tribes, overthrew the Median monarch, and helped found the Persian Empire?
Cyrus
Who extended Persian control eastward as far as the Indus Valley?
Darius I
After the fall of the Mycenaeans, Greece:
Fell into a "dark Age". This Dark Age was where Greece had no trade and money and people were poor, isolated, and backwards.
How did Phoenicians influence Greece?
Gave them their alphabet.
Why is Herodotus considered the "father of history"?
He sought the causes behind historical events.
Sparta:
Isolationist, militaristic Greek city-state. They had helots (slaves) which did their work so that men could train to fight. They went against Athens in the Peloponnesian War.
Women in Greece:
It depended on the place where they lived. In Sparta, women were encouraged to be strong and enjoy public visibility and be outspoken. In Athens, women were oppressed, and in marriage, men always had absolute authority. Women had no political rights and were to stay out of public eye.
Alexander the Great:
King of Macedonia, conquered the Persian Empire and spread Greek culture across the Middle East.
Who were the first to achieve complex level of political organization?
Medes
Athens:
The Greek city-state known for democracy, cultural enlightenment, and a great navy.
What helped the Greeks want to engage in sea-faring?
The difficulty of overland trade. Scarcity of resources. Influences from the Phoenicians.
What did the walled garden called "paradayadam" (paradise) symbolize to the Persians?
The prosperity that the king and empire could bring to those who served them.
Trireme
The symbol of powerful navy to Greece
What made the Greeks rich and powerful?
They had a great skill in sea-faring and trade which brought them much prosperity in foreign resources, markets, and ideas. Which also meant that they had a great navy.
Who taught that the world had been created by Ahuramazda?
Zoroaster
Persepolis:
a complex of important buildings, was the ceremonial captial of the Persian Empire.
To the Persians, the conflict with the Greeks:
was less important than it was to the Greeks.
