AP World Final 2015 Units 1-3

Which of the following was a major source of slaves in the Roman Empire? Untouchables Peasants Soldiers Prisoners of war

Prisoners of war

Which of the following is an example of the centralization of the Chinese state under Qin Shihuangdi? Establishment of the Senate, consuls, and public assemblies Participation of the lower classes in shaping public policy Standardization of weights, measures, and currency Elimination of the office of tribune

Standardization of weights, measures, and currency

Which of the following is usually considered a feature of "civilization"? Absence of class and gender hierarchies States that use force to compel obedience from subjects The use of deliberately set fires for human purposes The domestication of plants and animals

States that use force to compel obedience from subjects

Which of the following describes how Confucianism affected Chinese society? Confucianism was adopted as the state religion of China. The civil service examination system was based on Confucian texts. Confucianism encouraged individualistic values. Confucianism challenged social and gender hierarchies.

The civil service examination system was based on Confucian texts.

Which of the following reflects a Zoroastrian idea that can be found in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam? The concepts of heaven and hell The idea of Brahman (World Soul) The notion of reincarnation The unity of opposites

The concepts of heaven and hell

How did Christianity change in the first 500 years since its emergence? The egalitarian small house churches during Jesus's lifetime evolved into a male-dominated hierarchical Christian church. Christianity changed from a religion of ritual and sacrifice to one of devotion and worship. Christianity evolved from philosophical reflections on the meaning of life to a fascination with the supernatural. Reason replaced faith as the means of discovering the truth about the universe.

The egalitarian small house churches during Jesus's lifetime evolved into a male-dominated hierarchical Christian church.

Which element of Hinduism did Buddhism reject? The idea that ordinary life is an illusion The practice of meditation The religious authority of the Brahmins The goal of overcoming the demands of the ego

The religious authority of the Brahmins

Which of the following was a motivation for the expansion of the Roman Empire? The wealth of the eastern Mediterranean societies The spread of Roman religion Rejection of Greek culture and philosophy The threat of Persia

The wealth of the eastern Mediterranean societies

Which of the following was true of both the Roman and the Chinese Empires? They exhausted themselves through frequent indecisive wars with India. They invoked supernatural sanctions to support their rule. They evolved from republican traditions into empires ruled by single rulers. Their economies relied heavily on slave labor.

They invoked supernatural sanctions to support their rule.

What did Confucius, Zarathustra, and Siddhartha Gautama share in common? They were all historical founders of philosophical or religious traditions. Their teachings had a sharp social and political edge. They criticized the hypocrisies of the powerful. They all came from lower-class backgrounds and spoke on behalf of the poor and oppressed.

They were all historical founders of philosophical or religious traditions.

Which of the following is considered a sacred text of Hinduism? Daodejing Lessons for Women Analects Upanishads

Upanishads

Which of the following human accomplishments emerged with the First Civilizations? Agriculture Village life Writing Art

Writing

Which of the following describes the experiences of some women in Africa in the early modern era? a. A few women had access to political power. b. Most women married multiple husbands. c. Women controlled the trade in wild rice and maple syrup. d. Some women gained prestige as ritual specialists.

a. A few women had access to political power.

Which of the following resulted from Russia's westward expansion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? a. A program of westernization in Russia b. Russia's monopoly of the fur trade c. The incorporation of Slavic-speaking Ukrainians and Belorussians into the empire d. The conversion of the Russian royal family to Islam

a. A program of westernization in Russia

The ruler of the Songhay Empire made the pilgrimage to Mecca and asked to be given which title? a. Caliph of the Land of the Blacks b. Terror of the Turk c. Strong Sword of Islam d. Pioneer of Progress and Enlightenment

a. Caliph of the Land of the Blacks

Which of the following was the most centralized, unified, and prosperous of the world's major civilizations in the fifteenth century? a. China b. Western Europe c. The Songhay Empire d. The Aztec Empire

a. China

In the fifteenth century, long-distance trade shifted to a. East Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean. b. Central Asia, Russia, and the Caspian Sea. c. North Africa, Portugal, and the Mediterranean. d. West Africa, the Americas, and the Atlantic Ocean.

a. East Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean.

Which of the following describes an effect of the European presence in the Indian Ocean on existing Asian commercial networks? a. Europeans created a network that became just one among a number of thriving Asian commercial networks. b. Europeans destroyed all Asian commercial networks, forcing Asian merchants to turn to piracy and smuggling. c. Europeans required all non-European merchant vessels to purchase a pass and pay duties of 6 to 10 percent on their cargoes. d. Europeans succeeded in controlling nearly all Asian trade networks, making them masters of the Asian economy.

a. Europeans created a network that became just one among a number of thriving Asian commercial networks.

What commodity was considered "soft gold" in early modern commerce? a. Furs b. Spices c. Silver d. Textiles

a. Furs

Which of the following describes an effect of the silver trade on Spain? a. It enabled Spanish rulers to pursue military and political ambitions in Europe and the Americas. b. It created a market-based economy with state-supported agricultural and industrial enterprises. c. It made the Spanish economy more regionally specialized and highly commercialized. d. It prompted Spanish authorities to launch a successful conservation program.

a. It enabled Spanish rulers to pursue military and political ambitions in Europe and the Americas.

Which of the following describes slavery in Latin America? a. Large-scale importation of new slaves continued into the nineteenth century. b. Living and working conditions for slaves were similar to those of poor white men. c. Slaves became self-reproducing after 1750. d. Slaves could not be set free by their owners nor could they buy their freedom.

a. Large-scale importation of new slaves continued into the nineteenth century.

What contributed to higher literacy rates in the British colonies in North America than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America? a. Protestantism, which was practiced by most British colonists, encouraged reading the Bible for oneself. b. The British government invested massive funds into building libraries throughout North America. c. Spanish and Portuguese colonizers thought Native Americans could not be taught to read. d. The Spanish and Portuguese governments discouraged literacy among the colonial population to reduce the chance of rebellions.

a. Protestantism, which was practiced by most British colonists, encouraged reading the Bible for oneself.

What did the introduction of domesticated animals into the Americas make possible? a. Ranching economies b. Plantation crops c. The Industrial Revolution d. The slave trade

a. Ranching economies

Which of the following was an agricultural village society in the fifteenth century? a. The Igbo b. The Australians c. The Fulbe d. The Chinese

a. The Igbo

In which of the following empires did the process of expansion occur at the same time that a distinctive state was taking shape? a. The Russian Empire b. The Spanish Empire c. The Ottoman Empire d. The Mughal Empire

a. The Russian Empire

What was one main difference between the Spanish colonization of the Philippines and the Portuguese strongholds in the Indian Ocean basin? a. The Spanish converted Filipinos to Christianity while the Portuguese often blended into the local populations. b. The Spanish only established coastal outposts while the Portuguese conquered inland areas. c. The Portuguese killed large numbers of natives, but the Spanish did not use violence to enforce their rule. d. The Portuguese made little use of their naval superiority in establishing their strongholds, but the Spanish did.

a. The Spanish converted Filipinos to Christianity while the Portuguese often blended into the local populations.

In its effort to recover from the disruption of Mongol rule, where did the Ming dynasty look for inspiration? a. The culture of past Chinese dynasties b. The emerging civilization in Western Europe c. The empire established by Timur d. The Islamic world

a. The culture of past Chinese dynasties

What feature did the Mughal Empire and Songhay Empire share? a. The rulers were Muslim, but the majority of the population was not. b. The rulers were Sunni Muslim, while the majority of the population was Shia Muslim. c. Both were in the heartland of the Islamic world. d. The rulers in both empires were Sufi holy men.

a. The rulers were Muslim, but the majority of the population was not.

How did Chinese and Russian expansion into Central Asia affect the nomadic peoples inhabiting the steppe lands? a. They no longer enjoyed political independence and economic prosperity. b. They were absorbed into Chinese and Russian society. c. They abandoned their nomadic lifestyle and enjoyed success as merchants. d. They formed a military confederation and successfully fought for their independence.

a. They no longer enjoyed political independence and economic prosperity.

Which of the following was an incentive for the Portuguese to find a direct sea route to Asia? a. To circumvent the Muslim and Venetian monopolies on Indian Ocean trade b. To establish colonies for their growing population and create markets for their goods c. To continue the Crusades in Asia d. To establish a base on the eastern end of the Silk Road

a. To circumvent the Muslim and Venetian monopolies on Indian Ocean trade

The Mughal ruler Akbar favored policies that promoted a. a cosmopolitan and hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture. b. the forced conversion of Hindus to Islam. c. a distinctly Islamic identity. d. the removal of non-Muslims from high office.

a. a cosmopolitan and hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture.

Which of the following was the most thoroughly Islamized region in the period from 600 to 1500? a. Anatolia b. West Africa c. India d. Southeast Asia

a. anatolia

Which religion provided an element of cultural commonality for the East Asian region? a. Buddhism b. Daoism c. Islam d. Christianity

a. buddhism

In contrast to the Silk Roads, the Sea Roads of the Indian Ocean a. carried more products for a mass market. b. had much higher transportation costs. c. did not transport any luxury goods. d. were centered on the ports of East Africa.

a. carried more products for a mass market

Which of the following is an example of the Mongol rulers' policy toward people in the conquered territories? a. Chinese and Muslim officials were allowed to hold advisory positions in government. b. Conquered people were forced to convert their land into pastureland for Mongol herds. c. A policy of segregation made conquered people a permanent underclass. d. Conquered people were barred from the military.

a. chinese and muslim officials were allowed to hold advisory positions in government

Which of the following contributed to the mass conversion of people living in the Middle East to Islam by the eighth century? a. Conversion to Islam offered many financial and social benefits. b. Newly conquered subjects were forced to convert to Islam upon penalty of death. c. Those who refused to convert to Islam were enslaved. d. There was no religious tradition in the Middle East to compete with Islam.

a. conversion to islam offered many financial and social benefits

As a corrective to past views of pastoral peoples, recent interpretations of their role in world history have drawn attention to their a. development of cultures centered on horses, camels, or cattle. b. lack of technological innovation. c. inability to adapt to inhospitable environments. d. destruction of cross-cultural exchange.

a. development of cultures centered on horses, camels, or cattle

Outside of Europe, the strongest presence of Christianity from 500 to 1300 was in a. Ethiopia. b. Egypt. c. China. d. Syria.

a. ethiopia

The Inca and Aztec empires practiced similar gender-based systems in which women and men operated in two separate but equivalent spheres, a system that scholars call a. gender parallelism. b. gender equality. c. matriarchy. d. patriarchy.

a. gender parallelism.

Which of the following was a way in which the Mongols contributed to the globalization of the Eurasian world? a. In providing a secure environment for traders, they facilitated long-distance international commerce. b. Their immunity to several deadly diseases allowed them to maintain long-distance trade routes even as agricultural societies along them succumbed to epidemics. c. Their promotion of Islam as the only true faith in the empire gave the whole empire a shared culture. d. The Mongol conquest of Vietnam and Japan allowed these two regions to fully integrate into the Eurasian trade networks for the first time.

a. in providing a secure environment for traders, they facilitated long-distance international commerce

Which of the following was a factor in the growth of Buddhism in China after 300 C.E.? a. Increased disorder following the collapse of the Han dynasty, which discredited Confucianism b. The celibacy of Buddhist monks and their withdrawal from society correlated well with Confucian values c. Sustained missionary endeavors undertaken by Buddhist monks from Korea d. The withdrawal of rival Shinto priests to Japan following persecution by the Tang Dynasty

a. increased disorder following the collapse of the han dynasty, which discredited confucianism

The Sand Roads linked North Africa and the Mediterranean world to the land and peoples of a. interior West Africa. b. the Swahili civilization. c. Borobudur. d. Great Zimbabwe.

a. interior west africa

Which of the following describes the situation in Western Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire in 476? a. Long-distance trade was limited to Italy. b. Germanic peoples became a minority population. c. The population doubled from what it had been at the peak of the Roman Empire. d. Society became increasingly urban and literate.

a. long distance trade was limited to italy

Mongol rule in Russia facilitated the rise to power of which city? a. Moscow b. Kiev c. Riazan d. Sarai

a. moscow

Which of the following characterizes the networks of exchange in the Americas? a. Networks were local, with the most active links within rather than between regions. b. Networks crisscrossed many cultures, creating a distinctive hybrid culture that encompassed virtually all of the Americas. c. The isthmus at Panama operated as the center for trade between North and South America. d. The Incas controlled all long-distance trade, resulting in the spread of their culture from South to North America.

a. networks were local, with the most active links within rather than between regions

Which of the following was a major development in Chinese society that took shape in the centuries following the collapse of the Han dynasty? a. Northern nomads conquered some portions of China. b. The Chinese began a migration northward toward the Yellow River valley. c. The Chinese rejected Daoism. d. Buddhism's influence on Chinese culture declined.

a. northern nomads conquered some portions of china

How did the Silk Road trade affect peasants in China? a. Peasants focused more on producing luxury goods. b. Peasants abandoned farming to go into commerce. c. Peasants converted to Buddhism in large numbers. d. Peasants only cultivated crops for subsistence.

a. peasants focused more on producing luxury goods

The Sahara held rich deposits of which highly valued commodity? a. Salt b. Gold c. Oil d. Nickel

a. salt

Which of the following luxury goods came to symbolize the Eurasian exchange system? a. Silk b. Porcelain c. Nutmeg d. Slaves

a. silk

Which of the following aspects of Arab tribal life was reinforced in the Quran? a. Solidarity b. Hierarchy c. Pursuit of wealth d. Independence

a. solidarity

The Arab Empire that accompanied the spread of Islam stretched from a. Spain to India. b. Mesoamerica to Madagascar. c. the Andes to the Himalayas. d. the Gulf of Mexico to the Red Sea.

a. spain to india

Which of the following is an example of the Indianization of Southeast Asia? a. The architectural expression of Hinduism at Angkor Wat b. The use of Arabic script to write the Swahili language c. A bronze African lion with Indian designs d. The adoption of Islam as the state religion in Champa

a. the architectural expression of Hinduism at Angkor Wat

Which of the following brought the Byzantine Empire to an end? a. The capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire b. Emperor Justinian's attempt to reconquer the Mediterranean basin c. The loss of territory to an expanding Persian Empire d. The Roman Catholic Church's excommunication of Eastern Orthodox Christians

a. the capture of constantinople by the ottoman empire

Which of the following is an example of how Chinese inventions stimulated innovations in distant lands? a. The Chinese formula for gunpowder triggered the development of cannons in Europe. b. The Chinese invention of movable type was the inspiration for the creation of the world's first copy machine in the Islamic world. c. The Chinese technique for producing salt by solar evaporation made possible the invention of windmills in Persia. d. The Chinese invention of the magnetic compass spurred the Scientific Revolution in Europe.

a. the chinese formula for gunpowder triggered the development of cannons in europe

In the centuries between 500 and 1000, Europe's center of gravity shifted away from the Mediterranean toward a. the north and west. b. the south and east. c. the Indian Ocean. d. the Pacific Ocean.

a. the north and west

Which of the following facilitated the creation of the Mongol Empire? a. The territories the Mongols invaded were experiencing internal divisions. b. The technology of the Mongols was superior to that of their adversaries. c. Chinggis Khan had a precise blueprint for world conquest. d. The tribal values and loyalties of the Mongols functioned as a powerful unifying ideology.

a. the territories the mongols invaded were experiencing internal divisions

How was the tribute system an expression of the Chinese view of themselves and their relationship to the world? a. The tribute system required non-Chinese to acknowledge Chinese superiority and their own subordinate place in a Chinese-centered world order. b. The tribute system was based on the assumptions that unity was a natural condition and that China was destined to rule the entire world. c. The tribute system maintained the racial purity of the Chinese people by prohibiting intermarriage between Chinese and non-Chinese peoples. d. The tribute system celebrated the multicultural diversity of the Chinese people and encouraged cultural borrowing.

a. the tribute system required non-chinese to acknowledge chinese superiority and their own subordinate place in a chinese-centered world order

Which of the following contributed to the rapid expansion of the Islamic/Arab Empire in the century following the death of Muhammad? a. The weakened condition of the Byzantine and Persian empires b. A smooth succession of caliphs selected by election c. The violent campaigns against infidels d. The uniting of all Arabs behind Muhammad's relative Ali

a. the weakened condition of the byzantine and persian empires

Which of the following was evidence of the expansion and growth of European civilization during the High Middle Ages? a. There was a considerable increase in long-distance trade. b. The Holy Roman Empire was the undisputed religious center of Christendom. c. Most of North Africa converted to Christianity. d. The Pope emerged as an all-powerful political ruler of Western Europe.

a. there was a considerable increase in long-distance trade

Which of the following was a goal of the education offered at the madrassas? a. To preserve an established body of Islamic learning b. To prepare young men for military service c. To revise the Quran to make it relevant for contemporary society d. To train young scholars in logic, reason, and the laws of nature

a. to preserve an established body of islamic learning

During the period from 1000 to 1300, the rulers in which region held the least power? a. Western Europe b. The Byzantine Empire c. China d. Russia

a. western europe

Which of the following is a reason Western Europe was not conquered by the Mongols? a. Western Europe lacked adequate pasture for Mongol herds. b. Western Europe successfully resisted the Mongol invasions. c. The Black Death had already devastated the Mongol army by the time they reached Western Europe. d. European rulers formed an alliance with the Mongols against Islam.

a. western europe lacked adequate pasture for mongol herds

The absence of which of the following made long-distance trade in the Americas difficult? a. Wheeled vehicles b. Llamas c. Rivers d. Organized governments

a. wheeled vehicles

Which of the following regions experienced the least racial mixing and was the least willing to recognize the offspring of interracial unions? a. Brazil b. British North America c. The Caribbean d. Mexico

b. British North America

Which of the following offered Christian men a means of upward mobility within the Ottoman Empire? a. Encomienda b. Devshirme c. Repartimiento d. Yasak

b. Devshirme

Which of the following statements is true of the West African slave trade? a. European merchants secured most of their slaves by seizing them in raids along the West African coast. b. European merchants waited on board their ships or in fortified port cities to purchase slaves from African merchants and elites. c. Europeans possessed immunities to the diseases of the region, giving them an advantage in controlling the trade. d. African rulers opposed the slave trade and worked together to suppress it.

b. European merchants waited on board their ships or in fortified port cities to purchase slaves from African merchants and elites.

What could women do in both the Aztec and Inca empires? a. Join the military b. Exercise political authority c. Have more than one husband d. Preside over human sacrifices

b. Exercise political authority

Which empire ended the Byzantine Empire and came the closest to conquering Europe? a. Timur's Empire b. Ottoman Empire c. Delhi Sultanate d. Mughal Empire

b. Ottoman Empire

What did the Aztec Empire require conquered people to do? a. Register marriages b. Pay tribute c. Learn about Aztec culture d. Speak the Aztec language

b. Pay tribute

Which of the following motivated Europeans to venture across the Atlantic Ocean? a. Their monopoly of oceanic trade in the Indian Ocean b. Rivalries between competing European states c. An interest in foreign cultures and languages d. The spread of the Black Death

b. Rivalries between competing European states

Which of the following is true of slavery in the premodern Islamic world? a. The slave population was predominantly male. b. Some slaves acquired prominent military or political status. c. Most slaves worked in large-scale agricultural enterprises. d. All slaves came from Africa.

b. Some slaves acquired prominent military or political status.

What was one main difference between how the British East India Company operated in Mughal India and how the Dutch East India Company operated in what is now Indonesia? a. The British ruled directly while the Dutch set up a puppet ruler. b. The British negotiated treaties with local Indian rulers while the Dutch established control through conquest and colonization. c. The British had to send half their profits back to the government in London while the Dutch kept all their profits. d. The British shared half its profits with Indian rulers while the Dutch kept all their profits.

b. The British negotiated treaties with local Indian rulers while the Dutch established control through conquest and colonization.

Which of the following was the largest pastoral society in West Africa in the fifteenth century? a. The Benin b. The Fulbe c. The Yoruba d. The Igbo

b. The Fulbe

Which of the following pairs of societies shared a common religion? a. The Aztecs and the Incas b. The Songhay Empire and the Ottoman Empire c. The Mughal Empire and Vijayanagara d. The Safavid Empire and Ethiopia

b. The Songhay Empire and the Ottoman Empire

Which of the following was a result of the fur trade in North America in the early modern period? a. The enslavement of Native Americans to support the fur trade b. The dependence of Native Americans on European trade goods c. The removal of Native Americans in the interior to reservations d. The monopoly of the fur trade by Russian hunters and trappers

b. The dependence of Native Americans on European trade goods

Which of the following was an outcome of the establishment of European empires in the Americas? a. A shift in the global balance of power in favor of Russia b. The emergence of an Atlantic world connecting four continents c. The spread of smallpox from the Americas to Eurasia d. A sharp decline in population in Europe and Asia

b. The emergence of an Atlantic world connecting four continents

Which of the following is an example of the Columbian exchange? a. The emergence of Western Europeans on the world stage b. The introduction of corn and potatoes into the Afro-Eurasian diet c. The rivalry between Catholic Spain and Protestant England d. The interaction between the Mesoamerican and Andean civilizations

b. The introduction of corn and potatoes into the Afro-Eurasian diet

Which of the following was a feature of the communities in Australia in the fifteenth century? a. The practice of slavery b. The practice of "firestick farming" c. Permanent village settlements d. Economic specialization

b. The practice of "firestick farming"

Which of the following was a reason that Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain were the first to expand into the New World? a. These lands had a long tradition of distant exploration. b. These lands were on the Atlantic coast and were closer to the Americas. c. These lands believed in ancient legends of a lost world across the ocean. d. These lands lacked iron, which drove them to search for deposits.

b. These lands were on the Atlantic coast and were closer to the Americas.

How did many Native Americans in Mesoamerica and Peru respond to Spanish missionaries' efforts to convert them to Catholicism? a. They rejected Catholicism completely. b. They blended their old customs into Catholic practices. c. They only pretended to be Catholic when Europeans were around. d. They abandoned their old religions and embraced Catholicism entirely.

b. They blended their old customs into Catholic practices.

Which describes the role Europeans played in the economy of the early modern era? a. They controlled the markets of the East to work to their advantage. b. They were essentially middlemen funneling American silver to Asia. c. They established and enforced a new international system of trade. d. They dominated the global trade in textiles.

b. They were essentially middlemen funneling American silver to Asia.

Which of the following distinguished the empires of Western Europe from other empires? a. They spread diseases to conquered peoples. b. They were initiated by maritime expansion. c. They were created by merchants. d. They were accompanied by religious conversion of conquered peoples.

b. They were initiated by maritime expansion.

Which of the following was a motivation for European expansion but not for Chinese expansion in the fifteenth century? a. To enroll distant peoples and states in the tribute system b. To gain direct access to the goods and wealth of the Indian Ocean basin c. To eliminate piracy in the Indian Ocean d. To replace the population that had been lost during the Black Death

b. To gain direct access to the goods and wealth of the Indian Ocean basin

Which of the following was a reason Russia expanded beginning in the sixteenth century? a. To control the Silk Roads b. To secure its borders from attack c. To gain access to gunpowder weapons d. To monopolize the spice trade

b. To secure its borders from attack

The states that emerged in West Africa between 500 and 1600 shared which of the following characteristics? a. A stateless system of government b. A reputation in the wider world for great riches c. An absence of urban or commercial centers d. A city-state system of government which stopped empires from forming

b. a reputation in the wider rule for great riches

In contrast to the Umayyad dynasty, the caliphs of the Abbasid dynasty a. were not challenged by the forces of local autonomy. b. allowed non-Arabs to play a prominent role in society. c. did not identify themselves as Arabs. d. rejected Persian cultural influence.

b. allowed non-arabs to play a prominent role in society

Which of the following is a requirement for all Muslims? a. Confession b. Almsgiving c. Baptism d. Meditation

b. almsgiving

The colonial economy of the Spanish Empire in former Aztec and Inca lands was a. dependent on the import of African slaves for labor. b. based on commercial agriculture and mining. c. supported by piracy and smuggling. d. administered by Spanish missionaries.

b. based on commercial agriculture and mining.

How did the changed environment in China in the ninth century affect Buddhism? a. State support and popular acceptance of Buddhism made Buddhism the official religion of China. b. Buddhist monasteries came under state control as a xenophobic reaction set in. c. Buddhism reached its peak of influence as people flocked to the religion as a way to deal with the chaos and violence of the period. d. Buddhism was completely wiped out for centuries in China as a result of state-sponsored policies of persecution.

b. buddhist monasteries come under state control as a xenophobic reaction set in

What made possible the long trek across the Sahara? a. Donkeys b. Camels c. Salt d. Slaves

b. camels

Which of the following characterizes the spread of Christianity throughout Western Europe from 500 to 1000? a. Christian missionaries destroyed pagan temples and idols. b. Earlier cultural practices were absorbed into the Christian tradition. c. The Church focused on converting people in the countryside. d. Coercion was never used because the Church did not condone the use of force.

b. earlier cultural practices were absorbed into the christian tradition

Sufi practitioners facilitated the conversion to Islam of people living in Anatolia and India by a. promoting the enforcement of the sharia by local Islamic rulers. b. emphasizing personal experience of the divine, rather than the law. c. initiating campaigns to close Christian and Hindu schools. d. freeing large numbers of slaves who agreed to convert.

b. emphasizing personal experience of the divine, rather than the law

Which region gained the most from the exchanges of ideas and technologies facilitated by the Mongol Empire? a. China b. Europe c. Sub-Saharan Africa d. The Middle East

b. europe

Membership in the Islamic community known as the umma was based on a common a. culture. b. faith. c. race. d. class.

b. faith

In contrast to the spread of Buddhism and Christianity, the early spread of Islam a. occurred at a much slower pace. b. gave rise to a large empire. c. was limited to the immediate vicinity of its birthplace. d. was checked by surrounding older civilizations.

b. gave rise to a large empire

Which of the following had a greater influence on Eastern Orthodox Christianity than on Roman Catholicism? a. The concept of original sin b. Greek philosophical concepts c. Acceptance of the Trinity d. Acceptance of the Holy Spirit

b. greek philosophical concepts

In which third-wave civilization did the state largely control trade, preventing a professional merchant class from emerging? a. China b. Inca c. Aztec d. Mali

b. inca

Chinese references to "western barbarians" in the Tang dynasty included which group of people? a. Koreans b. Indians c. Portuguese d. Vietnamese

b. indians

Which of the following is an example of how Christianity was reinterpreted as it spread throughout Asia and Africa? a. Russification b. Jesus sutras c. Greek fire d. Cyrillic script

b. jesus sutras

Which of the following statements best describes Korea's relationship with China in the premodern period? a. Korean elites rejected Chinese culture while peasants and slaves adopted it wholesale. b. Korea adopted many elements of Chinese culture while still retaining a distinctive culture and separate political existence. c. Korea was a subject state ruled directly by China for most of its history. d. Korean rulers never participated in the Chinese tribute system in an effort to assert their independence from China.

b. korea adopted many elements of chinese culture while still retaining a distinctive culture and separate political existence

Trade along the Silk Roads was facilitated by a. the collapse of the Indian Ocean trade network, which increased the importance of land routes. b. large and powerful states that provided security for merchants and travelers. c. the emergence of the Swahili civilization, which provided most of the goods in demand. d. the emergence of powerful states in Southeast Asia that controlled the trade.

b. large and powerful states that provided security for merchants and travelers

Which of the following was a technological innovation that spread from China to the rest of Eurasia? a. The processing of sugar b. Printing c. Cannons d. The processing of cotton

b. printing

The origins of the Atlantic slave trade were associated with the a. expansion of Russia into Siberia. b. production of sugar. c. discovery of silver in Bolivia. d. closure of Japanese ports to European merchants.

b. production of sugar.

Which of the following is a distinctive feature of Sufism? a. Rejection of the idea that one can have direct or personal contact with Allah b. Renunciation of the material world in the pursuit of spiritual union with Allah c. An exclusively male movement with no place for women d. Belief that compliance with the sharia would bring the believer into the presence of God

b. renunciation of the material world in pursuit of spiritual union with allah

Which of the following describes the relationship between politics and religion in Western Europe from 500 to 1300? a. Rulers were appointed by the pope of the Catholic Church. b. Rulers provided protection for the Church in return for religious legitimacy. c. The ruler was the head of both the state and the Church. d. The pope was the head of both the state and the Church

b. rulers provided protection for the church in return for religious legitimacy

In contrast to the Portuguese and Spanish colonists in Latin America, British colonists in North America a. married indigenous women more frequently and were less racist. b. sought to escape rather than re-create European traditions in the Americas. c. were almost exclusively male and Catholic. d. faced many class restrictions.

b. sought to escape rather than re-create European traditions in the Americas.

Which of the following was a long-term impact of the Crusades in Europe? a. The Crusades weakened significantly the influence of Turkic-speaking peoples in the Islamic world. b. Spain, Sicily, and the Baltic region permanently joined the world of Western Christendom. c. Animosity from the Crusades ended the flow of Muslim learning into Europe. d. People from the Middle East migrated to Europe in large numbers.

b. spain, sicily, and the baltic region permanently joined the world of western christendom

Map 14.4 in the textbook shows that the most common destinations in the Americas for West African slaves was a. British North America and the United States. b. the Caribbean and Brazil. c. Mexico. d. Peru.

b. the Caribbean and Brazil.

Which of the following resulted from Mongol rule over Russia? a. The rise of Kiev to renewed prominence in Russian history b. The adoption by Russian princes of the Mongols' diplomatic rituals and court practices c. The dispatch of a Byzantine army that reconquered the region d. The collapse of Orthodox Christianity and its replacement by Roman Catholicism in Russia

b. the adoption by russian princes of the mongols' diplomatic rituals and court practices

Which of the following highlights an effect of the international trade in silk? a. The declining price of silk by the tenth century b. The association of silk with the sacred in Buddhism and Christianity c. The widespread use of silk materials among commoners d. The deforestation of much of China

b. the association of silk with the sacred in buddhism and christianity

What development between the sixth and eleventh centuries increased and expanded trade in the Indian Ocean basin? a. The missionary zeal of Christian merchants who viewed religious conversion as their primary goal b. The encouragement of maritime trade by an effective and unified Chinese state c. Global warming trends that increased agricultural production worldwide d. The discovery of a new route linking Asia to the Americas

b. the encouragement of maritime trade by an effective and unifies chinese state

Chinese interaction with the northern nomads during the Tang dynasty resulted in a. the conversion of large numbers of the northern nomads to Daoism. b. the evolution of a mixed Chinese/Turkic culture in northern China. c. the launching of maritime expeditions in the Indian Ocean. d. the permanent abandonment of the tribute system.

b. the evolution of mixed chinese/turkic culture in northern china

Which of the following was a result of the cross-regional ties created in the expanding Islamic world? a. The disappearance of the Silk Roads as trade shifted to the Mediterranean b. The exchange of agricultural products and practices from one region to another c. The emergence of new systems of slave labor based on plantation crops d. The emphasis on secularism in politics and education

b. the exchange of agricultural products and practices from one region to another

Which of the following was a feature of Islam that attracted converts in India? a. The religious inclusivity of Islam b. The Muslim notion of equality of all believers c. The eroticism of Islamic art d. The secular values of the Quran

b. the muslim notion of equality of all believers

China's most enduring and intense interaction with outsiders was with a. the gathering and hunting societies of Southeast Asia. b. the nomadic pastoral peoples of the northern steppes. c. the various empires that ruled India. d. Muslim traders in the Indian Ocean.

b. the nomadic pastoral peoples of the northern steppes

Which of the following features of the Byzantine Empire did the new civilization of Kievan Rus adopt? a. The customs and dress of Germanic peoples b. The political ideals of imperial control of the Church c. The concept of a good life as one of no desire and no action d. The commitment to economic equality and social justice

b. the political ideals of imperial control of the church

Which of the following shows the effect of the Indian Ocean trade on China? a. The transfer of Vietnam from Chinese control to the Southeast Asian sphere of influence b. The transformation of southern China from a subsistence economy to an export-oriented economy c. The replacement of the tribute system with a trade system based on free and equal access to markets d. The emergence of Hong Kong as an international hub for all ocean-based trade routes

b. the transformation of southern china from a subsistence economy to an export-oriented economy

Which of the following is an example of the ideas and techniques exchanged within the Eurasian network facilitated by Mongol rule? a. The incorporation of the Mongol supreme sky god Tengri into the Hindu pantheon of gods b. The transmission of the Chinese practice of acupuncture to the Middle East c. The use by Turkic rulers of the Muslim title of sultan d. The reform movement to purify Islam among the Sanhaja Berber pastoralists

b. the transmission of the chinese practice of acupuncture to the middle east

Which of the following is an example of a European innovation made possible by borrowing technologies from other civilizations? a. The use of the compass in farming b. The use of gunpowder in cannons c. The use of papermaking in mills d. The use of the lateen sail in textile production

b. the use of gunpowder in cannons

What aspects of Chinese civilization did Mongol rulers in the Yuan dynasty adopt? a. The traditional Chinese examination system b. The use of traditional Confucian rituals c. The disdain towards merchants d. The practice of foot binding

b. the use of traditional confucian rituals

Which of the following was a long-term effect of the Black Death on European society? a. Shrinking employment opportunities for women b. The weakening of serfdom c. Better relations between landowners and workers d. A lack of interest in technological innovation

b. the weakening of serfdom

What did Korea, Japan, and Vietnam all develop that reflected their unique culture? a. Their own court rituals b. Their own writing systems c. Their own tribute systems d. Their own law codes

b. their own writing systems

Why was promoting international commerce important to the Mongols? a. They were active traders. b. They wanted to extract wealth from civilizations by taxing trade. c. Most of what they produced was in high demand in distant markets. d. They wanted to create a global market for their products.

b. they wanted to extract wealth from civilizations by taxing trade

Map 14.1 in the textbook suggests that the European presence in Asia was connected to a. conquest. b. trade. c. religion. d. slavery.

b. trade.

Which of the following is an example of the Byzantine Empire's influence on Eurasia? a. Acceptance of Latin as the international language of diplomacy b. Transmission of ancient Greek learning to Western Europe and the Islamic world c. Control of the trade routes along the Silk Roads and across the Sahara d. Spread of Eastern Orthodox Christianity to North Africa and Central Asia

b. transmission of ancient greek learning to western europe and the islamic world

Disagreement over which of the following contributed to the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church? a. A church hierarchy of patriarchs, bishops, and priests b. Veneration of icons c. The missionary impulse d. The religious authority of the Bible

b. veneration of icons

Indian cultural influence in Southeast Asia a. resulted from the political conquest of the region by Emperor Ashoka. b. was a matter of voluntary adoption and adaptation of Indian ideas by independent societies. c. began with the travels of the Buddha to this region toward the end of his life. d. resulted in the region rejecting the influence of Islam.

b. was a matter of voluntary adoption and adaptation of indian ideas by independent societies

In comparison to the Mongol conquests of Persia and China, Mongol rule in Russia a. did not use local elites to govern. b. was not accompanied by Mongol occupation. c. penetrated to the village level. d. created a mixed race population.

b. was not accompanied by mongol occupation

Technological changes in which field limited women's opportunities in Western Europe by the fifteenth century? a. Farming b. Weaving c. Shipbuilding d. Metallurgy

b. weaving

The agricultural civilizations of West Africa were characterized by what kind(s) of government? a. Highly centralized kingdoms only b. Stateless societies only c. A mixture of stateless societies and more highly centralized kingdoms d. Only gatherer-hunter peoples were found in the region

c. A mixture of stateless societies and more highly centralized kingdoms

In what way were the Chinookan people of northwestern North America similar to Australians? a. Both peoples had permanent village settlements. b. Both had simple but effective agriculture, based on raising maize. c. Both lived by gathering and hunting. d. both had chiefdoms that were dominated by "big men."

c. Both lived by gathering and hunting.

Which of the following characterizes how European countries sought to control trade in Asia from 1450 to 1750? a. Through economic competition b. By ending China's tribute system c. By force of arms d. By establishing diplomatic relations

c. By force of arms

How was Islam introduced into Southeast Asia and West Africa? a. As a result of Arab conquest b. As a result of Turkic conquest c. By traveling merchants d. By Muslim crusaders

c. By traveling merchants

Which of the following was a result of the Ottoman Empire's policy toward the Christian population in southeastern Europe? a. The majority of the population had converted to Islam by the early sixteenth century. b. Christians remained a permanent underclass in Ottoman society. c. Christian communities enjoyed considerable autonomy over their own affairs. d. Christians who refused to convert migrated to the Americas.

c. Christian communities enjoyed considerable autonomy over their own affairs.

Which of the following was a feature unique to the North American fur trade in the early modern period? a. The local population suffered from exposure to European epidemic diseases against which they had no immunity. b. The local population became dependent on European trade goods. c. Competition between European traders meant that furs were obtained largely through commercial negotiations with the local population. d. Some animal species were hunted to near extinction.

c. Competition between European traders meant that furs were obtained largely through commercial negotiations with the local population.

Which of the following philosophical or religious traditions provided a unifying ideology for peasant rebellions in China? a. Hinduism b. Confucianism c. Daoism d. Legalism

c. Daoism

In the fifteenth century, what did the Igbo people in West Africa have in common with the Iroquois League in North America? a. Centralized kingdoms and stratified societies b. Plantation economies dependent on slave labor c. Institutions for resolving conflict in the absence of a state d. Seclusion of women

c. Institutions for resolving conflict in the absence of a state

How did silver from the mines of Mexico and Peru affect international commerce? a. It encouraged piracy and smuggling among colonists in North America. b. It weakened the effectiveness of mercantilist fiscal policies. c. It enabled Europeans to buy Chinese tea, silk, and porcelain. d. It shifted the center of long-distance trade to the Americas.

c. It enabled Europeans to buy Chinese tea, silk, and porcelain.

Which of the following is true of the Mughal Empire? a. It unified the people of Islam and Christendom. b. It formed as a result of Chinese exploration in the Indian Ocean. c. It established unified control over most of the Indian peninsula. d. It showed no tolerance for Hindu subjects.

c. It established unified control over most of the Indian peninsula.

Which of the following describes how the fur trade affected indigenous peoples in North America? a. It fostered the creation of independent, self-sufficient communities. b. It facilitated the assimilation of indigenous peoples into British, Dutch, and French societies. c. It generated warfare among different groups of Native Americans. d. It enhanced women's social status because they hunted and trapped animals.

c. It generated warfare among different groups of Native Americans.

Which of the following is an example of the effect of the Atlantic slave trade on African societies? a. Frequent slave revolts created an environment of fear and insecurity. b. Some European slave catchers assimilated into African society. c. Judicial proceedings were manipulated to generate victims for the slave trade. d. The use of male slaves in urban elite households became commonplace.

c. Judicial proceedings were manipulated to generate victims for the slave trade.

Which city emerged as a major Muslim port city in the Indian Ocean basin in the fifteenth century? a. Timbuktu b. Samarkand c. Malacca d. Tenochtitlán

c. Malacca

After the fifteenth century, how did the Chinese state resolve the problem created by a growing population and land scarcity? a. Ending the tribute system b. Establishing equal trade relations with European countries c. More intensive use of available land d. State sponsorship of oceanic expansion

c. More intensive use of available land

Which of the following policies contributed to the growth of Hindu opposition to Mughal rule by the late seventeenth century? a. Promotion of the practice of sati b. Creation of a state cult emphasizing loyalty to the emperor c. Reinstatement of the jizya d. Construction of the House of Worship

c. Reinstatement of the jizya

Which of the following describes a feature of Qing China's policy toward its possessions in central Asia? a. A massive migration of Chinese settlers into the area b. A concerted effort to assimilate the local populations into Chinese society c. Respect for the different cultures of the region d. The imposition of a special tax on Muslims

c. Respect for the different cultures of the region

Which of the following dominated the agricultural economy in British North America? a. Large estates that directly employed native workers b. Land that was owned by the British crown and leased to individual settlers c. Small-scale independent farmers working their own land d. Sugar plantations worked by slave labor

c. Small-scale independent farmers working their own land

This people reestablished a civil service examination system in the fifteenth century and used it to create a highly centralized government. a. The Aztecs b. The Iroquois c. The Chinese d. The Europeans

c. The Chinese

Why did the maritime expeditions of the Indian Ocean basin sponsored by the Ming emperor suddenly stop in 1433? a. The court eunuchs who rose to power prioritized farming over commerce. b. Most of the cultures they encountered reacted with hostility and violence. c. The emperor's successors viewed expansion as a waste of resources. d. Naval forces were redirected to deal with the military threat of the Portuguese.

c. The emperor's successors viewed expansion as a waste of resources.

What did the Portuguese do after they established sea routes to the Indian Ocean? a. They sold European goods at high profits to Asian traders. b. They monopolized the spice trade from Asia to Europe. c. They conquered several strategic port cities. d. They converted Swahili East Africa to Christianity.

c. They conquered several strategic port cities.

How did the Tokugawa shoguns treat Europeans in Japan in the early seventeenth century? a. They welcomed Europeans for their technological knowledge. b. They protected Christian missionaries and sponsored Christian churches. c. They expelled all Europeans except the Dutch. d. They established regular diplomatic relations with European states.

c. They expelled all Europeans except the Dutch.

In comparison to Byzantium, Latin Christendom before 1000 C.E. was a. an expanding empire. b. a theocratic state. c. a localized society. d. a unified state.

c. a localized society

Swahili civilization was most heavily influenced by which of the following cultures? a. Chinese b. Indian c. Bantu d. European

c. bantu

The invention of printing in China was linked with which religion? a. Christianity b. Daoism c. Buddhism d. Islam

c. buddhism

In Song dynasty China, masculine identity came to be defined in terms of a. archery, horseback riding, and athleticism. b. the way of the warrior. c. calligraphy, scholarship, painting, and poetry. d. weakness, reticence, and delicacy.

c. calligraphy, scholarship, painting, and poetry

The most difficult and protracted of the Mongols' many conquests was in a. Persia. b. Russia. c. China. d. Japan.

c. china

The emergence of which practice during the Song dynasty suggests that Chinese women's lives were more restricted than they had been in the Tang dynasty? a. Remarriage of widows b. Tribute system c. Foot binding d. Worship of the Queen Mother of the West

c. footbinding

The trade conducted along the Silk Roads was largely a relay trade because a. it linked the entire world into a single trade network. b. it linked the large civilizations on the outer rim of the Eurasian continent but bypassed the pastoral peoples of the interior. c. goods were passed down the line rather than carried by one merchant along the entire route. d. its purpose was to carry goods for the long-distance trade in the Americas.

c. goods were passed down the line rather than carried by one merchant along the entire route

The number of slaves shipped from Africa to the Americas peaked a. in the 1500s. b. in the 1600s. c. in the 1700s. d. in the 1800s.

c. in the 1700s.

Which of the following was an obstacle to the creation of large empires among pastoralists? a. Lack of charismatic leaders b. Lack of horses and weapons c. Internal rivalry between clans d. Ignorance of mounted warfare

c. internal rivalry between clans

Which of the following describes the process of conversion to Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Kievan Rus? a. The Byzantine Empire required conversion upon the penalty of death during its occupation of Kievan Rus. b. Byzantine missionaries succeeded in converting most of the people to Eastern Orthodox Christianity despite state opposition. c. It was a freely made decision on the part of Prince Vladmir of Kiev who chose Eastern Orthodox Christianity to unify his people. d. People converted in order to avoid the special tax imposed on those who refused to accept Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

c. it was a freely made decision on the part of prince vladmir of kiev who chose eastern orthodox christianity to unify his people

Which of the following describes Korea's relationship with China? a. Korea was incorporated into the Chinese empire for over a thousand years. b. Korean male elites developed their own alphabet as a way to resist Chinese cultural influence. c. Its capital city of Kumsong was modeled directly on the Chinese capital of Chang'an. d. Korea was able to avoid participating in China's tribute system.

c. its capital city of kumsong was modeled directly on the chinese capital of chang'an

Which of the following is true of pre-Islamic Arabia? a. It had no contact with the long-distance trade networks of Eurasia. b. It enjoyed long periods of peace under the Bedouins. c. Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians lived among the established Arab populations. d. A centralized state ruled over the area for centuries.

c. jews, christians, and zoroastrians lived among the established arab populations

Islam had roots in which set of religious or philosophical traditions? a. Hinduism, Buddhism, and Manichaeism b. Legalism, Daoism, and Confucianism c. Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism d. Sufism, Sikhism, and Greek rationalism

c. judaism, christianity, and zoroastrianism

Which of the following is an example of a role assumed by the ulama? a. Rulers b, Warriors c. Judges d. Doctors

c. judges

Which of the following technological innovations facilitated Indian Ocean commerce? a. Quipus b. Pochteca c. Junks d. Nyama

c. junks

A characteristic feature of pastoral societies was their a. productivity. b. stratification. c. mobility. d. wealth.

c. mobility

Between 500 and 1500, the Afro-Eurasian world experienced a period of intensified interaction under the rule of the a. Swahilis. b. Berbers. c. Mongols. d. Chinese.

c. mongols

Which of the following events marked the beginning of the new Islamic calendar? a. The birth of Muhammad b. Muhammad's realization that he was Allah's messenger c. Muhammad's emigration to Yathrib/Medina d. Muhammad's conquest of Mecca

c. muhammad's emigration to yathrib/medina

The Silk Roads built upon earlier trading connections between Eurasian civilizations and a. Bantu migrants. b. Indian merchants. c. pastoral peoples. d. gathering and hunting societies.

c. pastoral peoples

Which of the following describes the situation of Christian communities in the Middle East and North Africa from 650 to 1300? a. Thriving communities connected by inter-regional trade b. Self-sufficient communities in isolated regions c. Shrinking communities of second-class subjects d. Marginalized communities threatened by state persecution

c. shrinking communities of second-class subjects

Which of the following religious traditions blended elements of Hinduism and Islam? a. Sunni Islam b. Shia Islam c. Sikhism d. Sufism

c. sikhism

Which of the following is an example of how Indian Buddhism was modified after its introduction into China? a. The patriarchal assumptions of early Indian Buddhism were replaced by an explicit message of equality between husbands and wives. b. The Buddhist term dao was translated as the Confucian term dharma. c. The Buddhist notion of "morality" was translated with the Confucian term for "filial submission and obedience." d. The social orientation of Indian Buddhism was replaced with an emphasis on individual salvation and enlightenment.

c. the buddhist notion of "morality" was translated with the confucian term for "filial submission and obedience

Which of the following describes a feature of the Byzantine state? a. Political authority was decentralized. b. The state tightly controlled local affairs in the provinces. c. The emperor claimed to be God's representative on earth. d. Competing interests contributed to the fragmentation of the state.

c. the emperor claimed to be god's representative on earth

The emergence of Japan as a major source of silver production in the sixteenth century contributed to a. the isolation of Japan. b. deforestation, soil erosion, and flooding. c. the end of civil war and the unification of Japan. d. Japan's rise as an empire by the seventeenth century.

c. the end of civil war and the unification of Japan.

Which of the following contributed to Temujin's rise to power and recognition as Chinggis Khan of the Great Mongol Nation? a. The formation of alliances based on kinship ties b. The support of the clan of his father, who was a powerful chief c. The incorporation of warriors from defeated tribes into his own forces d. The defeat of Egyptian forces in Palestine

c. the incorporation of warriors from defeated tribes into his own forces

What happened to the Mongols in Persia in the fourteenth century? a. Rebel forces led by Persian generals drove the Mongols back to their homeland in the steppes. b. The Ottoman Empire defeated the Mongols and enslaved them. c. The Mongols assimilated into Persian society. d. The Mongols were made serfs of Persian lords.

c. the mongols assimilated into persian society

Those who participated in the Chinese tribute system gained a. a permanent garrison of Chinese troops. b, a gift of gunpowder and cannons. c. the opportunity to trade in China. d. lower tax rates.

c. the opportunity to trade in china

Which of the following explains why women's lives were more restricted in the Song dynasty than in the Tang dynasty? a. The spread of Daoism b. The introduction of Buddhism c. The revival of Confucianism d. The influence of nomadic cultures

c. the revival of confucianism

Which of the following is a reason that the Tang and Song dynasties are regarded as a "golden age" in China? a. The peaceful transfer of power from the Tang to the Song b. The development of democratic institutions c. The setting of standards of excellence in art and literature d. The nearly universal adoption of Buddhism by the population

c. the setting of standards of excellence in art and literature

Why did pastoral societies emerge only in the Afro-Eurasian world and not in the Americas? a. The environments in the Americas were not suitable for pastoral societies. b. The settled societies in the Americas lacked the necessary military prowess. c. There was a lack of large animals that could be domesticated in the Americas. d. There were no agricultural societies with which to trade in the Americas.

c. there was a lack of large animals that could be domesticated in the americas

Which of the following describes the transformation of the Turkic people from the tenth to the fourteenth centuries? a. They changed from military leaders of confederations to slave soldiers in the Mongol Empire. b. They changed from rulers of agrarian civilizations to creators of steppe empires. c. They changed from polytheistic worshippers to followers and carriers of a monotheistic Islam. d. They changed from sedentary farmers to pastoral nomads.

c. they changed from polytheistic worshippers to dillowers and carriers of a monotheistic islam

Which of the following describes the role pastoral societies played in world history before the Mongol Empire? a. They preserved the lifestyle of gathering and hunting societies. b. They spread their polytheistic religions to neighboring civilizations. c. They created a series of nomadic empires and controlled major trade routes. d. They introduced new political models that reshaped the states of older civilizations.

c. they created a series of nomadic empires and controlled major trade routes

Which of the following was a feature of Mongol rule? a. Persecution of merchants b. Hostility towards commerce c. Tolerance of all religions d. Treatment of conquered people as equals

c. tolerance of all religions

In which region was conversion to Islam motivated by a desire to expand trading networks rather than from the result of conquest and Islamic rule? a. India b. Anatolia c. West Africa d. Spain

c. west africa

In which civilization was the rationalism and secularism of Greek thought used to explain religious doctrines? a. The Byzantine Empire b. The Abbasid Caliphate c. Western Europe d. China

c. western europe

How did economic growth and urbanization during the High Middle Ages affect women in Western Europe? a. Women assumed more responsibility for farm work as men moved to the cities. b. Women entered universities to train to become lawyers and doctors. c. Women practiced trades and sometimes trained female apprentices. d. Women received political and legal rights that made them men's equals.

c. women practiced trades and sometimes trained female apprentices

Which of the following statements expresses a view of women found in the Quran? a. Women were always to remain veiled and secluded. b. Women were solely to blame for the existence of evil in the world. c. Women were spiritually equal to men. d. Women were socially equal to men.

c. women were spiritually equal to men

Which of the following describes what happened to the native populations of the steppes and Siberia as a consequence of Russian imperial expansion? a. Enslavement b. Genocide c. Resettlement d. Assimilation

d. Assimilation

In what way were the Aztec and Inca empires similar? a. Both had a class of professional merchants known as pochteca. b. Both were loosely structured and unstable conquest states. c. Both encouraged the assimilation of conquered peoples into their societies. d. Both started out as marginalized peoples who conquered and absorbed older cultures.

d. Both started out as marginalized peoples who conquered and absorbed older cultures.

Which of the following was a web of connection that linked many of the peoples in the world of the fifteenth century? a. Industrialization b. Capitalism c. Nationalism d. Empire

d. Empire

In which century did European peoples begin to take on a more prominent role on the global stage? a. First century b. Sixth century c. Tenth century d. Fifteenth century

d. Fifteenth century

Which of the following was a value emphasized in the Renaissance? a. Frugality b. Equality c. Liberty d. Individualism

d. Individualism

Which of the following contributed to the great dying in the Americas? a. A volcanic eruption and an earthquake that caused massive flooding b. A prolonged drought which made farming impossible c. The frequent warfare between the Aztec and Inca Empires d. Native Americans' lack of immunity to European and African diseases

d. Native Americans' lack of immunity to European and African diseases

The Hundred Years' War between England and France (1337-1453) was comparable to which conflict in Ming China during the fifteenth century? a. The Taiping Rebellion b. The wars against Timur c. The Ming invasion of India d. None of these; Ming China was internally unified, unlike Europe

d. None of these; Ming China was internally unified, unlike Europe

In which empire was a Shia version of Islam made the official religion in the sixteenth century? a. Ottoman Empire b. Mughal Empire c. Songhay Empire d. Safavid Empire

d. Safavid Empire

Which of the following distinguished the Atlantic slave trade in the Americas from past instances of slavery in world history? a. Children of slaves were considered free persons. b. Most slaves were women and children. c. Most slaves were Slavic-speaking peoples. d. Slave status was associated with race.

d. Slave status was associated with race.

Which of the following was a feature of commerce in the Indian Ocean basin when Vasco da Gama reached India in 1498? a. Merchants ships were heavily armed. b. The Tokugawa shogunate in Japan regulated all trade in Asia. c. The Chinese navy patrolled the sea lanes. d. Small-scale merchants traded openly.

d. Small-scale merchants traded openly.

How did the slave trade affect African states? a. Small-scale kinship-based societies merged to form powerful, centralized states. b. States involved in the slave trade invested their profits in manufacturing industries. c. The Kingdom of Kongo emerged as the most powerful state in West Africa. d. Some African states depended on revenues from the slave trade.

d. Some African states depended on revenues from the slave trade.

Which of the following was a consequence of the Atlantic slave trade? a. The great dying b. The increase in the value of silver c. The revival of the Silk Roads d. The African diaspora

d. The African diaspora

Which of the following reflected the fragmented and competitive political environment in Europe in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries? a. The Sunni/Shia divide b. Christine de Pizan's City of Ladies c. The Renaissance in Italy and northern Europe d. The Hundred Years' War between England and France

d. The Hundred Years' War between England and France

Which of the following developments in the early modern period provided incentives for Europeans to go into the fur trade? a. The market in textiles b. The spread of Islam c. The Middle Passage d. The Little Ice Age

d. The Little Ice Age

In the conflict between the Islamic and Christian worlds, which event in the fifteenth century signaled that the Islamic world held the upper hand? a. Treaty of Nerchinsk b. Treaty of Tordesillas c. The Reconquista d. The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople

d. The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople

Which of the following was established as a Spanish colony in the sixteenth century? a. Goa b. Macao c. Mombasa d. The Philippine Islands

d. The Philippine Islands

How did the decision by the Chinese state to require payment of taxes in silver in the 1570s affect the global economy? a. European states also required payment of taxes in silver. b. It set off a decade-long worldwide recession. c. It limited the purchasing power of European states, especially Spain. d. The value of silver around the world skyrocketed.

d. The value of silver around the world skyrocketed.

Why did some Native Americans aid the Spanish in their initial invasion of the New World? a. To acquire gold and jewels b. To learn about European culture c. To appease the gods d. To gain an advantage against their own enemies

d. To gain an advantage against their own enemies

Which of the following contributed to China's economic revolution during the Tang and Song dynasties? a. The active suppression of internal trade in order to increase long-distance trade b. The import of large numbers of slaves to work in agriculture and industry c. The large scale immigration of Japanese workers d. A complex network of internal waterways that provided cheap transportation

d. a complex network of internal waterways that provided cheap transportation

What advantage did the Byzantine Empire have that enabled it to survive as a political entity for a thousand years longer than the western part of the Roman Empire? a. Assimilation to Germanic culture b. More territory under its control c. A longer frontier d. A stronger military

d. a stronger military

Which of the following was an Arab innovation? a. Papermaking b. Rockets c. Numerical notation d. Algebra

d. algebra

What do the Xiongnu, the Uighurs, the Khitan, and the Jurchen have in common? a. All four paid tribute to China in return for military protection. b. All four were ultimately conquered by China. c. All four established states in the southern portions of the Chinese empire. d. All four required China to send them valuable goods in return for not attacking.

d. all four required china to send them valuable goods in return for not attacking

The Mongol Empire played a significant role in world history because it a. introduced a new alphabet that became the basis for most of the languages in Eurasia. b. created a new religion that is still practiced throughout Central Asia. c. developed a hybrid civilization that blended together Persian, Chinese, and European culture. d. brought together the nomadic peoples of inner Eurasia and the agricultural civilizations of outer Eurasia.

d. brought together the nomadic peoples of inner eurasia and the agricultural civilizations of outer eurasia

What does Map 8.5 in the textbook reveal about how Buddhism spread? a. Buddhism entered Japan directly from India. b. Buddhism spread to Europe via the Silk Road. c. Buddhism spread from north to south. d. Buddhism entered Korea via China.

d. buddhism entered korea via china

The political structure of Swahili civilization was similar to the a. large empires of ancient Rome and China. b. stateless cities of the Niger River Valley. c. complex societies of the Eastern Woodlands in North America. d. competitive and independent city-states of ancient Greece.

d. competitive and independent city-states of ancient greece

Like the Arabs and the Persians, the Turks between the tenth and fourteenth centuries a. forced the Chinese Empire to pay them tribute. b. created short-lived empires that disintegrated when the ruler died. c. consistently maintained the lifestyle of pastoral nomads. d. converted to Islam and introduced the religion to the areas they conquered.

d. converted to islam and introduced the religion to the areas they conquered

The emergence of the samurai reflected Japan's a. imperial ambitions to conquer China. b. embrace of Confucianism. c. ancient emperor system. d. decentralized political structure.

d. decentralized political structure

What initiated the division within Islam between the Sunnis and Shias? a. Fear that Muslims in conquered lands were going native and abandoning Islamic teachings b. The imam Ali's new revelation and elaboration of the teachings of Islam c. The belief that Husayn, the son of Ali, was the real messiah d. Disagreement over who should assume leadership in the Islamic world

d. disagreement over who should assume leadership in the islamic world

In Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire, what system emerged that emphasized the reciprocal ties between a king and his vassals, and between a lord and his serfs? a. Paganism b. Caesaropapism c. Investiture d. Feudalism

d. feudalism

Which of the following refers to the pilgrimage to Mecca that Muslims should try to make at least once in their lifetime? a. Hijra b. Umma c. Jihad d. Hajj

d. hajj

Which statement characterizes the networks and webs of exchange that connected different parts of the world from 500 to 1500? a. Competition for control of trade routes sparked numerous wars. b. Trade operated as means of establishing diplomatic relations between sovereign states. c. Regional trade organizations formed to establish monopolies on goods most in demand. d. Interaction among the major civilizations operated on a relatively equal basis.

d. interaction among the major civilizations operated on a relatively equal basis

Which of the following describes the effect of Islam on West Africa? a. Merchants generally rejected Islam because of its hostility towards trade. b. Islam had the greatest influence on rulers and urban elites. c. Farmers comprised the majority of converts to Islam. d. The Arabic language was used in daily life by both Muslims and non-Muslims.

d. islam had the greatest influence on rulers and urban elites

Why was the city of Mecca important? a. Jews, Christians, and Muslims all regarded it as the Holy Land. b. It was the only city in pre-Islamic Arabia that enjoyed a high degree of social equality. c. It was a crossroad for all the major long-distance trade routes. d. It was the site of the Kaaba where pilgrims congregated.

d. it was the site of the kaaba where pilgrims congregated

In what respect was Japan's borrowing of Chinese culture different from the experiences of Korea and Vietnam? a. Japanese people viewed their own country less as a separate nation than as an extension of a universal civilization centered in China. b. In Japan, only the lower classes and women embraced Chinese culture while elite men resisted Chinese influence in all arenas. c. Japan adopted many elements of Chinese culture but completely rejected Confucianism. d. Japan's borrowing was wholly voluntary rather than occurring under conditions of direct military threat or outright occupation.

d. japan's borrowing was wholly voluntary rather than occurring under the conditions of direct military threat or outright occupation

In Western Europe from 1000 to 1300, power was divided among a. lords, vassals, and serfs. b. princes, warriors, and farmers. c. the pope, royal officials, and scholars. d. kings, nobles, and church leaders.

d. kings, nobles, and church leaders

How did the sudden rise of Islam in the seventh century affect Indian Ocean commerce? a. Islamic religious leaders decreed that Muslim merchants could have no dealings with non-Muslim traders. b. Early rulers of the Arab Empire sought to promote trade within the empire by prohibiting trade by Muslim merchants beyond its borders. c. Islamic rulers succeeded in suppressing the Silk Roads. d. Muslim merchants and sailors established communities of traders from East Africa to the south China coast.

d. muslim merchants and sailors established communities of traders from east africa to the south china coast

In their relations with China, Korea and Japan both a. came under direct Chinese political rule. b. rejected Chinese civilization. c. declined to participate in the Chinese tribute system. d. sent people to China to study Chinese thought and culture.

d. sent people to china to study chinese thought and culture

The first direct and sustained link between the Americas and Asia was the trade in a. fur. b. spices. c. silk. d. silver.

d. silver.

In the eleventh century, the religious culture of the Byzantine Empire had a significant impact on a. the rulers of the Axum state in Ethiopia. b. the Nestorian church in China. c. the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe. d. Slavic-speaking peoples in the Balkans and Russia

d. slavic-speaking peoples in the balkans and russia

Which of the following contributed to the doubling of the Chinese population during the Tang and Song dynasties? a. The conquest of Japan b. The adoption of a fast-ripening strain of rice from Vietnam c. The end of warfare with pastoral peoples d. The massive importation of food crops from Central Asia

d. the adoption of a fast-ripening strain of rice from vietnam

Which of the following statements about the Chinese tribute system is true? a. The tribute system operated at the end of wars of conquest and was designed to humiliate the conquered people. b. China's neighbors in the premodern period often refused to submit to the rituals of the tribute system, resenting China's assumption of superiority. c. The tribute system was an exploitative "one-way street," with foreign states paying tribute to China but the Chinese government offering nothing in return. d. The Chinese government often gave other states gifts that were in fact worth more than the tribute that those states paid to China.

d. the chinese government often gave other states gifts that were in fact worth more than the tribute that those states paid to china

Which of the following was a political contribution of the Tang and Song dynasties? a. The creation of an aristocracy that transformed the government from a monarchy to an oligarchy b. The introduction of administrative procedures that made the bureaucracy obsolete c. The democraticization of the political system with the establishment of the Censorate d. The construction of a state structure that lasted until the twentieth century

d. the construction of a state structure that lasted until the twentieth century

What event in the thirteenth century influenced the Egyptian state's change in attitude toward its Christian subjects from tolerance to persecution? a. The Arab conquest of North Africa b. The emergence of the Byzantine Empire c. The plague d. The Crusades

d. the crusades

How did Buddhism change as it spread along the Silk Roads? a. Buddhist practices increasingly emphasized asceticism and withdrawal from society. b. Buddhist doctrines became more esoteric as attention focused more on the psychological teachings of the original Buddha. c. The Buddha became more human and less divine. d. The gods of many peoples along the Silk Roads were incorporated as bodhisattvas.

d. the gods of many people along the silk roads were incorporated as bodhisattvas

Which of the following refers to the sayings and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad? a. The Quraysh b. The Islamic Green Revolution c. Pillars of Islam d. The hadiths

d. the hadiths

Which of the following states had the greatest control over economic exchange within its borders? a. The Aztec Empire b. Byzantium c. China d. The Inca Empire

d. the incan empire

Which of the following resulted from Muslim rule in Spain? a. The harmony and tolerance of Muslim Spain was used as a model for Christian Europe. b. Islam became Christianized even as parts of Europe became Islamized. c. A new hybrid religion developed which blended elements of Christianity and Islam. d. The secular aspects of Islamic learning influenced the shaping of new European civilization.

d. the secular aspects of islamic learning influenced the shaping of new eruopean civilization

Which of the following is an example of the types of exchanges facilitated by Mongol rule over much of Eurasia? a. The establishment of a formal alliance between the Mongol Empire and the Holy Roman Empire b. The diplomatic dialogues between Christian and Muslim rulers that finally brought an end to the Crusades c. The merging of the Silk Roads with the trans-Saharan slave trade d. The sharing of intelligence information between Persia and China

d. the sharing of intelligence information between persia and china

Which of the following contributed to the decline of Christianity in Asia and Africa by 1500? a. The decline in inter-regional trade b. The rise of the Byzantine Empire c. The end of the Roman Empire d. The spread of Islam

d. the spread of islam

Which of the following was a force that helped bind the Islamic world together? a. The expulsion of all other “peoples of the book” from Islamic territories b. The successful suppression of competing religious orders c. Strong political leadership over the entire Islamic world by Arab caliphs d. The system of Islamic education created by the ulama

d. the system of islamic education created by the ulama

What role did Mongol women play in the administration of the Mongol empire? a. They ran the Bureau of Colonial Affairs. b. They ruled independently in various parts of the empire. c. They led armies in many of the invasions throughout Eurasia. d. They advised on government policies and court decisions.

d. they advised on government policies and court decisions

Which of the following was a nomadic empire that served as a model for the Turks and the Mongols? a. Abbasid b. Yuan c. Almoravid d. Xiongnu

d. xiongnu

In contrast to the Persian Empire, the political culture of classical Greek civilization emphasized the absolute power of the monarch. allowed for the limited participation of women in public assemblies. featured popular participation in politics. relied heavily on satraps to administer their states.

featured popular participation in politics.

In contrast to the Roman Empire, the process of empire formation in China was less dependent on military force. had precedents to follow. involved the absorption of a foreign religious tradition. took centuries to complete.

had precedents to follow.

The rulers of the First Civilizations also drew their power from their roles as high priests. clan elders. traders. scribes.

high priests.

China was unique in the ancient world in the extent to which slaveholding defined the society. its social organization was shaped by the actions of the state. the caste system defined its social structure. women were allowed a role in public life.

its social organization was shaped by the actions of the state.

In contrast to women in Athens, women in Sparta were more strictly confined to the home. married men close to their age. participated in government. were praised as having superior intelligence.

married men close to their age.

When Germanic tribes entered into the western part of the Roman Empire, they were rapidly assimilated into Roman culture. ensured that slaves continued to make up a large portion of society. rejected all of Roman culture, instead imposing their own culture. produced a hybrid culture that drew on both Germanic and Roman elements.

produced a hybrid culture that drew on both Germanic and Roman elements.

Like First Civilizations, societies of the classical era lacked sharp distinctions along class lines. were patriarchal in organization. rarely included slaves. were based upon written constitutions.

were patriarchal in organization.

What did the Bantu settlements in Africa have that the communities in North America east of the Mississippi lacked? Agriculture Social stratification A shared religion A common language

A common language

Which of the following has been identified as a factor contributing to the collapse of the Maya civilization in the ninth century C.E.? Foreign invasion A century of devastating flooding A long-term drought Massive rebellions that overthrew the Maya emperor

A long-term drought

Which factor contributed to the Agricultural Revolution? A sharp decline in population An increase in the number of large mammals A need for additional food The rise of chiefdoms

A need for additional food

What did Confucianism and Greek rationalism share in common? A fervent belief in the supernatural A diverse pantheon of gods A monotheistic perspective on religion A secular approach to understanding the world

A secular approach to understanding the world

Which of the following represents a defining characteristic of an empire? A state that forms as a democratic republic but is eventually seized and ruled over by a single ruler A state formed through conquest and maintained through the extraction of resources from conquered states and peoples A single ethnic group with a single language, religion, and identity A conglomeration of independent states that form temporary alliances

A state formed through conquest and maintained through the extraction of resources from conquered states and peoples

Which of the following provided the primary economic foundation for civilization? Slavery Agriculture Warfare Writing

Agriculture

Which of the following statements is true of the religious and philosophical traditions that developed in Eurasia in the centuries surrounding 500 B.C.E.? All sought to define a single source of order and meaning in the universe. All played down the value of humankind. All drew on rationalism to explain the universe. All favored communal ritual.

All sought to define a single source of order and meaning in the universe.

Which of the following describes both pastoral and agricultural village societies? Both were made up of mobile populations that moved frequently. Both were made up of bands of twenty-five to fifty people. Both possessed relatively egalitarian social structures with few social distinctions. Both possessed permanent settlements near the sea.

Both possessed relatively egalitarian social structures with few social distinctions.

What did the Persian Empire share in common with classical Greece in 500 B.C.E.? Both had a centralized political system. Both were expansive civilizations. Both possessed a strong sense of citizenship. Both were ethnically homogenous.

Both were expansive civilizations.

In what way were the Yellow Turban Rebellion in Han China and the Spartacus Rebellion in the Roman Empire similar? Both were large-scale, violent reactions to oppressive conditions. Both featured supernatural healings and collective trances. Both succeeded in persuading the government to implement reforms. Both saw women assuming leadership roles.

Both were large-scale, violent reactions to oppressive conditions.

Which foreign religious tradition was absorbed into China during the classical period? Hinduism The Isis cult Buddhism Christianity

Buddhism

Which form of society during the Age of Agriculture is considered to have a distinct element of inequality? Paleolithic societies Pastoral societies Gathering and hunting societies Chiefdoms

Chiefdoms

Peasants were honored and merchants were looked down upon in the official ideology of China. India. Sparta. the Roman Empire.

China.

Which of the following classical religions and philosophies focused more on affairs of this world than on the realm of the divine and its relationship to human life? Confucianism Buddhism Zoroastrianism Christianity

Confucianism

Which of the following have scholars advanced as a possible explanation for the emergence of patriarchy in the First Civilizations? Participation of women in animal-drawn, plow-based agriculture Increased role of women outside the home Decline in birthrates that accompanied civilization Emergence of large-scale warfare with professionally led armies

Emergence of large-scale warfare with professionally led armies

The inequalities of the caste system received support from Hindu notions of karma, dharma, and rebirth. Buddhist notions of nirvana and enlightenment. Confucian notions of propriety and ritual. Daoist notions of the supernatural and immortality.

Hindu notions of karma, dharma, and rebirth.

How was India's social structure different from that of China? India had fewer distinct social groups. Indian social groups were defined more rigidly. Social status in India was defined in terms of literary learning. Social distinctions in India were more fluid.

Indian social groups were defined more rigidly.

The territory of ancient Mesopotamia is presently occupied by which country? Iran Afghanistan Iraq India

Iraq

Which of the following describes a feature of Bantu religion? It was concerned with explaining, predicting, and controlling local affairs. It claimed to be a universal religion and had a strong missionary impulse. It incorporated many Christian elements as a result of encounters with the Roman Empire. It viewed God as remote and largely uninvolved in ordinary life.

It was concerned with explaining, predicting, and controlling local affairs.

Persian political organization included which of the following features? An emperor who was little more than a figurehead Lower-level officials drawn from local authorities A civil service examination system A written constitution

Lower-level officials drawn from local authorities