AP World History 1-4

Which of the following most likely describes the fate of the Golkonda state after 1650 ?

It was conquered by the Mughal Empire.

The image most directly illustrates which of the following features of the political development of medieval Europe?

Its reliance on Roman traditions, as European rulers used ancient customs to demonstrate their legitimacy.

In addition to China, the cultural tradition alluded to in Liu Guandao's painting strongly influenced the society and culture of

Korea

In Europe, political relationships of the type depicted in the image emerged most directly on account of which of the following developments?

Local elites' need for military protection from more powerful lords

The interregional connections of states such as those on the East African coast can best be used as an illustration of the continued importance of which of the following?The interregional connections of states such as those on the East African coast can best be used as an illustration of the continued importance of which of the following?

Polytheistic religions

Taken together, the two images best support which of the following claims regarding developments in the period from 1450 to 1750 ?

Gunpowder technology facilitated the expansion of land-based empires.

All of the following statements about Du Halde are factually accurate. Which would most likely lead historians to question the objectivity of his portrayal of the scholars shown in the image?

He never traveled to China.

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his argument about the pride of Inca rulers in the second paragraph?

Inca rulers typically tried to construct bigger and broader highways than their predecessors if they wanted to undertake conquests.

Which of the following led most directly to the development of the trading network on the map?

Innovations in transportation and commercial technologies such as caravanserai

Based on the maps and your knowledge of world history, which of the following best describes the effect of the spread of Islam on Indian Ocean trade?

It led to the expansion and intensification of commerce along already existing trade routes.

Which of the following conclusions regarding the Ottoman Empire is best supported by the passage?

Ottoman policies sought to limit the activities of some religious groups.

The inclusion of the image in the manuscript best illustrates which of the following features of the period 1450-1750 ?

Rulers using art to legitimize their rule

The maritime trade connections involving East Africa shown on Map 1 provided a setting for which of the following developments?

The spread of Islam

The two dynasties whose expansions are illustrated by the images shared which of the following?

Their rulers were descended from Turkic peoples of Central Asian descent

The passage could best be used to explain which of the following developments in the Americas in the period 1500-1750 ?

Enslaved peoples and their descendants used violent means to escape oppression and maintain their freedom.

The breakup of the Mongol Empire into separate khanates during the mid-thirteenth century was most connected to which of the following developments?

Mongol traditions emphasized tribal and personal loyalties and made it difficult to establish long-lasting centralized dynastic rule, which led to civil war.

Muslim scholars' incorporation of cultural and intellectual influences from pre-Islamic societies can best be used as evidence that

Muslim states and empires were central to the processes of intellectual transfer in Eurasia

All of the following statements about nomadic empires in the period 1200-1700 are factually accurate. Which statement most likely explains why Tamerlane's empire rapidly declined in the late fifteenth century?

Nomadic empires typically contained numerous tribes and confederations that were difficult to control.

Which of the following claims that Barkey makes in the passage appears to contradict most directly her assertion in the first sentence of the first paragraph?

Non-Muslims were second-class citizens who endured prejudice.

A likely purpose for including the religious figure in the plaque was to show that

Portuguese naval activities in the Indian Ocean region were favored by divine forces

Which of the following most directly contributed to the geographic expansion of Safavid trade during the period from 1450 to 1750, as indicated in the passage?

Safavid exchanges with European trading-post empires in Asia

The events described in the passage represent a reaction against which of the following forms of coerced labor?

Serfdom

Which of the following best explains the process illustrated in the image?

States used gunpowder weapons to establish large empires.

Based on Ibn Battuta's description of the sultan of Sumatra in the first paragraph, his point of view could most likely be characterized as that of a

Sunni Muslim jurist who believes that a Muslim ruler should patronize the religious elite and seek to expand Islam

Image 1 best illustrates which of the following features of the Chinese economy in the period 1200 to 1450 ?

Technological innovations increased agricultural yields.

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author most directly use to support his argument about the king of Spain following the Inca method of highway construction?

The Inca rulers only had to command their officials to construct a highway, and it was completed quickly.

Which of the following imperial expansions was most similar to those of the Ottoman and Mughal Empires?

The Manchu Empire in East Asia

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his implicit argument that Maya society underwent a dramatic cultural change in the sixteenth century?

The Maya were converted to Christianity.

Which of the following states in the period 1450-1750 adopted a religious policy that was most different from the religious policy expressed in Source 2 ?

The Mughal Empire under Akbar

Which of the following most directly strengthened Sunni religious scholars' role as official interpreters of Islamic doctrine within the Ottoman Empire, as suggested by the passage?

The Ottoman Empire's rivalry with the Safavid Empire

All of the following pieces of additional information regarding the events portrayed in Image 2 are factually accurate. Which would be most useful in evaluating the message that the image was intended to convey?

Emperor Aurangzeb was a strong proponent of Sunni Islam, while the rulers of Golconda were supporters of Shiism.

Outside of the Ottoman Empire, Sufis contributed most directly to which of the following during the period before 1750?

The establishment of Arabic as the language of philosophy and theology in the Muslim world

Which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 would a historian most likely cite to support Barkey's claim regarding the Ottoman Empire and its predecessors and contemporaries in the first sentence of the second paragraph?

The establishment of racial categories of social hierarchy under the casta system in Spanish colonies in the Americas

Which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 could best be used as evidence to modify Darwin's argument in the first paragraph about the establishment of Eurasian empires on "nomadic foundations"?

The establishment of the Safavid Empire

Which of the following features of Europe in the period circa 1200-1450 most directly contributed to the fact that the king of Hungary did not receive the military assistance that he requested in 1241, as mentioned in the third paragraph?

The existence of numerous feudal states that were frequently in conflict with one another

The activity depicted in Image 2 best illustrates which of the following characteristics of China's economy before 1450 ?

The impact of innovations borrowed from surrounding states

The actions of the Maroons that forced British colonial authorities to conclude a treaty with them are best explained as evidence of reactions against which of the following global trends in the period 1450-1750 ?

The increasing expansion and centralization of state power

The first paragraph most directly illustrates how increasing regional interactions led to which of the following developments in the Indian Ocean in the period 1200-1450?

The introduction of new cultural traditions

Based on the passage, in which of the following ways were Safavid Persian trading practices similar to those of other land-based Islamic empires during the seventeenth century?

The participation of multiple ethnic and religious groups in interregional trade

The attitude toward religious practice expressed in Source 2 was most directly apparent in which of the following Spanish policies in the Americas in the period circa 1500-1750 ?

The state sponsorship of Jesuit missions to native populations

Which of the following best describes a way in which the table illustrates how the spread of rice cultivation contributed to changing the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in China, India, and the Middle East between 1200 and 1300 ?

The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined in all three regions.

Which of the following best describes how the table illustrates the effect of the spread of the bubonic plague on the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops in Europe and the Middle East between 1300 and 1400 ?

The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops declined substantially in Europe and slightly in the Middle East.

Which of the following best describes a way in which the table illustrates how an emphasis on wheat cultivation in Europe affected the total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops there compared with the rice-producing regions of China and India between 1200 and 1300 ?

The total amount of land devoted to the production of agricultural crops increased considerably in Europe and declined in China and India.

The coexistence of rulers and councils of elders in African states in the period circa 1200-1450 best demonstrates

an adaptation to the climatic conditions of the East African coast

The author's position on the religious controversy in the passage can best be described as that of

an impartial observer describing the controversy without taking sides

Based on the location of the painting, it can be inferred that its primary purpose was to

bolster the legitimacy of the Golkonda dynasty by celebrating its past

The sponsoring of scholarship by Turkic dynasties, such as the Timurids, best shows that, in the period circa 1200-1450, scholarly activities in the Muslim world continued despite the

conquest of Baghdad by the European Crusaders

The particular event depicted in the painting was likely important to Golkonda rulers mostly because it

could be used as a symbol of the union between the state's ruling class and the majority of its population

Béla IV's statement in the fourth paragraph that the Hungarian people "cannot cease to be amazed" by the actions of the papacy most directly refers to the papacy's failure to aid the Hungarians while

initiating European military campaigns in the Middle East

The spread of new cultural ideas, such as those illustrated by the religious beliefs of Xu Guangxi and Candida Xu, most strongly encouraged some Asian governments in Eurasia in the period 1450-1750 to

limit trade and other contacts with foreigners

Sinan's service to the Ottoman state best illustrates the fact that land-based empires in the period 1450-1750 often relied on

methods of recruitment of officials that made use of the ethnic and religious diversity of their subjects

The third paragraph most directly illustrates the ways in which rulers in the Indian Ocean in the period before 1450

used expanding trade networks to facilitate state development

Ibn Battuta's claim in the second paragraph that the ceremony that he observed at the court of the sultan of Sumatra was similar to a ceremony that he had seen at the court of the Delhi sultan in India is most likely understood in the context of which of the following developments in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1200-1450 ?

Increasing cross-cultural interactions facilitated the spread of cultural traditions.

Which of the following best explains why trade along the trans-Saharan trade networks increased in the period 1200-1450 ?

Innovations in previously existing transportation technologies, such as the caravan, allowed merchants to carry larger loads and protect themselves.

The spread of which of the following religious traditions was most directly facilitated by trade along the routes shown on the map?

Islam

Which of the following best explains an effect of the expansion of the Mali Empire on the trans-Saharan trade networks?

It facilitated commercial growth by expanding the number of people participating in the trade networks.

Which of the following explains the most common effect that the process illustrated in the image had on relationships between states in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1450-1750 ?

It led to deepening rivalries and conflicts as states' military capabilities grew.

Voyages such as those referred to in the third paragraph were most directly facilitated by which of the following?

Merchants' understanding of the patterns of the monsoon winds

Which of the following developments in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries most directly helps to explain the presence of the scholars shown in the image of China?

The Protestant Reformation led the Catholic Church to seek new converts outside of Europe.

Muslim scientists in the period before 1450 c.e. generally participated in intellectual and scholarly exchanges with neighboring cultures by

expanding upon the legacy of earlier scientific works by conducting their own research

The commercial practices shown in the images emerged in order to

facilitate a growing trade in luxury goods by providing greater access to credit and currency.

A historian could best explain the arguments made in the passage regarding the pope and the clergy in the context of Protestant claims that the Catholic Church

had become corrupted by power

Image 1 could best be used as evidence of the ways in which

imperial states attempted to expand commercial activity.

The purpose of Ibn Battuta's account was most likely to

inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he visited

Article 4 of the treaty is best explained as evidence of how states in the period 1450-1750 sought to

suppress resistance to their rule by co-opting local groups

The methods of warfare shown in the image were instrumental in explaining the territorial expansion of all of the following land-based empires EXCEPT

the Aztec (Mexica) Empire

The example of an ancient Arabian state that traded extensively and controlled territories on the East African coast can best be used as evidence of

the contributions of East Africa to the development of Eurasian religions

Which of the following best describes an effect of the establishment of the Mongol Empire upon Silk Road long distance trade?

The Silk Road trade increased because the Mongol conquests helped connect more regions of Eurasia economically and commercially.

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his claim that the arrival of the Spanish "destroyed our people"?

The Spanish conquered all Maya towns.

The expansion of the Mongol Empire most directly led to which of the following political developments in Afro-Eurasia?

The collapse of previously existing states, such as the Song dynasty of China

The Ottoman Empire's recruitment of soldiers and bureaucrats through the system depicted in the image is most similar to which broader method that rulers used to strengthen their empires in the period 1450-1750 ?

The collection of tribute

The mortality depicted in the image most directly contributed to which of the following changes in Europe in the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?

The decline of serfdom

Which of the following most strongly contributed to the shift of power from nomadic empires to settled states that Darwin identifies in the second paragraph?

The development and spread of gunpowder weapons across Eurasia

The production of the plaque in Goa is best understood in the immediate context of which of the following?

The development of trading-post empires

Which of the following developments in the late fifteenth century could best be used as evidence to support Darwin's argument in the second paragraph regarding a change in patterns of long-distance trade?

The discovery of maritime routes that linked Europe and Asia through the Indian Ocean

All of the following pieces of evidence in the passage directly support the author's claim that the "pestilence" was "terrible" EXCEPT:

The disease led to the arrival of Dominican friars.

Which of the following best explains why, in the mid fourteenth century, events of the type depicted in the image were more common in urban areas of Afro-Eurasia than in rural or mountainous regions?

The disease principally spread along trade routes, and most commerce occurred in urban areas.

Which of the following contributed most directly to an increase in trade along the routes on the map?

The expansion of empires such as Mali in West Africa

Which of the following best explains a development in the trans-Saharan trade networks in the period 1200-1450 ?

The geographic range of the networks increased because of improved commercial practices.

Which of the following best explains the continuity in the trade routes between East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and India as shown on the maps?

Trade along the routes relied on sailors' knowledge of the monsoon winds.

The material used to create the plaque best reflects which of the following historical situations in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1450-1750 ?

Trade networks continued to flourish and gave Europeans direct access to precious luxury goods.

The recruitment depicted in the image is best understood in the context of which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 ?

Attempts by imperial states to centralize their authority

The burial depicted in the image most likely resulted from the spread of which of the following?

Bubonic plague

Which of the following historical continuities is best reflected in the image?

Chinese art continued to emphasize traditional subjects and styles.

The author's portrayal of the activities shown in Image 2 was most directly informed by

Christian religious ideals

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which would best explain Béla IV's reasoning for inviting the Cumans into Hungary as mentioned in the third paragraph?

Cumans were nomadic warriors and were familiar with the Mongols' military tactics.

All of the following statements about the Ottoman Empire in the period 1450-1750 are factually accurate. Which would most strongly support Barkey's claim regarding the Ottoman state and toleration in the passage?

The Ottoman army increasingly relied on the contributions of the Janissary corps, which was mostly composed of soldiers of non-Turkic origin.

Which of the following most directly caused a disruption in the land-based trade of the Safavid empire during the period circa 1500-1750 ?

Conflicts between the Shi'a Safavids and neighboring Sunni empires

A historian interpreting the passage would most likely explain that the audience of the sermon is an illustration of the fact that

political support from the German nobility aided in the development of the early Protestant community

A historian interpreting the views expressed in the passage would likely explain that those views were most strongly influenced by Protestant desires to

reform Christian society by adhering more closely to Biblical teachings

The image can best be used as a source of information about the

social prestige of established educated elites in Chinese society under Mongol rule

Which of the following characteristics of the Ottoman Empire best explains why Sinan was determined to match the dimensions of the Hagia Sophia church, as discussed in the third paragraph?

Bringing Constantinople, with its imperial traditions, under Islamic rule was one of the central pillars of Ottoman rulers' claims to political legitimacy.

Which of the following best describes how European labor systems before 1450 differed from the Chinese labor system depicted in the two images?

European labor systems were more likely to utilize serfdom.

All of the following statements about the use of the currency shown in Image 1 in China under the Yuan dynasty are factually accurate. Which best explains why the currency often led to hyperinflation?

Excessive amounts of currency were printed in order to fund military expeditions and reward local elites.

The act of the countess of Béarn in the image is most closely identified with which of the following political systems?

Feudalism

Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the author's arguments about the quality of the highways described in the passage?

They were very broad, and some extended across the entire kingdom.

The two passages best illustrate which of the following continuities in world history?

While some states were willing to tolerate diversity within their territories, others suppressed diversity.

Based on the intended purpose of Sinan's biography, it is most likely that the information in the passage might be

overstating the extent of the architectural challenges Sinan faced in building the mosque