AP World History Multiple Choice Pt. 2

Japan developed a religion called a. Jainism. b. Zoroastrianism. c. Shintoism. d. Buddhism. e. Eastern Orthodox.

c. Shintoism.

What was the Umayyad response to Muhammad's migration to Medina and subsequent success there? a. The Umayyad rulers of Mecca ignored Muhammad as long as he was content to remain in Medina. b. War broke out between Mecca and Medina resulting in the eventual victory of the Umayyads. c. War broke out between Mecca and Medina resulting in the eventual victory of Muhammad and the Medina clans. d. The Umayyads eagerly converted to Islam and welcomed Muhammad back to Mecca. e. Reluctantly but peacefully, the Umayyads were converted to Islam.

c. War broke out between Mecca and Medina resulting in the eventual victory of Muhammad and the Medina clans.

Chinese art featured.. a. monumental temples and stadiums. b. frequent shifts in style. c. careful craftsmanship and detail work. d. images of perfectly proportioned humans. e. emphasis on God and the holy family.

c. careful craftsmanship and detail work.

Hindu ethics involved Select one: a. attack on all opposing religious faiths. b. condemnations of money-making. c. emphasis on an individual carrying out the obligations of life. d. finding ultimate happiness. e. a detailed set of prohibitions on sexual activity.

c. emphasis on an individual carrying out the obligations of life.

One difference between classical China and the earlier Huanghe river valley civilization was that.. a. China became relatively isolated. b. irrigation was widely practiced. c. human sacrifices were suppressed. d. traditions emphasized the harmony of nature. e. farming was important.

c. human sacrifices were suppressed.

Everywhere it spread, Buddhism stressed a. the impossibility of attaining nirvana except by multiple reincarnations. b. worship of Buddha as a god. c. meditation and ethical behavior. d. the worthlessness of all competing religions. e. a strong church organization.

c. meditation and ethical behavior.

One difference between classical civilizations and river valley civilizations was that in classical civilizations.. a. most people farmed the land. b. trade was introduced. c. political organizations were more elaborate. d. writing was developed. e. beliefs were widely held.

c. political organizations were more elaborate.

When did Muhammad receive the first revelations that were eventually written down in the Quran? a. 610 C.E. b. 711 C.E. c. 550 C.E. d. 632 C.E. e. 622 C.E.

a. 610 C.E.

What was the clan into which Muhammad was born? a. Banu Hashim b. Abbasid c. Almoravid d. Umayyad e. Sassanid

a. Banu Hashim

Which river valley civilization was most completely destroyed by natural disasters such as climate change? a. Indus b. Huang he c. Tigris-Euphrates d. Mekong e. Nile

a. Indus

What was the nature of pre-Islamic bedouin religion? a. It was a blend of animism and polytheism. b. Most of the bedouin were Christians. c. The bedouins had no religious beliefs. d. The bedouin were monotheists who worshipped Allah. e. Most of the bedouin were Jews.

a. It was a blend of animism and polytheism.

The Umayyads felt threatened by all of the following developments EXCEPT a. Muhammad's destruction of the Ka'ba. b. the development of Muhammad's religion. c. raids on their caravans. d. the growing power of Medina. e. disputes between rival families.

a. Muhammad's destruction of the Ka'ba.

What was the nature of citizenship within the Umayyad Empire? Select one: a. Only Muslim Arabs were first-class citizens of this great empire. b. Malawi were accorded full rights of citizenship. c. All converts to Islam, regardless of their ethnic origins, were full citizens and members of the elite. d. Arabs rapidly lost their dominance in the Umayyad Empire to the native residents of Persia. e. The Umayyads recognized all residents of their empire, whether Muslims or "people of the book" as full citizens.

a. Only Muslim Arabs were first-class citizens of this great empire.

Which of the following does NOT describe important features of Indian art? Select one: a. Opposed to the use of animal figures b. Linked to religious beliefs c. Showed human figures d. Influenced by styles from other cultures e. Lively color

a. Opposed to the use of animal figures

Both ancient Rome and Greece depended on slavery. One result of this dependence was Select one: a. both groups lagged in technological advances compared to the Chinese or the Indians. b. many wars between the Romans and nomadic groups broke out when the Romans attempted to capture slaves. c. a vast improvement in agricultural techniques leading eventually to the split of the Roman Empire. d. the development of the idea of democracy, which led to the eventual fall of Rome. e. the rise of a new social class known as the "metics" in Roman society.

a. both groups lagged in technological advances compared to the Chinese or the Indians.

The Aryan conquerors brought to India Select one: a. distinctive religious ideas. b. new agricultural techniques. c. its first civilization. d. admiration for India's earlier inhabitants. e. political democracy.

a. distinctive religious ideas.

If the Greek genius was politics, the Roman genius was Select one: a. engineering. b. science. c. agriculture. d. poetry. e. music.

a. engineering.

Nirvana meant Select one: a. full union with the divine essence. b. reincarnation in a higher caste after a good life. c. obedience to the rules of the caste system. d. acquiring earthly wealth. e. the Hindu holy book.

a. full union with the divine essence.

Compared to China, India Select one: a. had greater contact with other societies and civilizations. b. had a more flexible social structure that gave a greater role for women. c. had much more recent origins due to the invasion of the Aryans. d. lacked regional diversity and was more centralized. e. was more secular in outlook with a focus on commercial values.

a. had greater contact with other societies and civilizations.

One of China's key economic strengths was.. a. high levels of technological innovation. b. government encouragement of the merchant class. c. cheap slave labor. d. extensive overseas trade. e. early introduction of steam-powered equipment.

a. high levels of technological innovation.

Nalanda became famous for Select one: a. its university that attracted students from all over Asia. b. site of battle between Alexander the Great and the Guptas. c. being the site where Buddha became enlightened. d. being the birthplace of Ashoka and his capital. e. being the first capital of the Gupta Empire.

a. its university that attracted students from all over Asia.

From a Confucian viewpoint, the Roman Empire might have been criticized for placing too much confidence in Select one: a. laws rather than trained officials. b. harsh punishments of criminals. c. religious conviction. d. divine status of the emperor. e. public works functions.

a. laws rather than trained officials.

Despite major differences, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism all show interest in a. life after death. b. polytheism. c. clearly organized church structures. d. strong priesthood. e. absolute hostility to the worship of religious images and spirits of nature.

a. life after death.

After 200 C. E., an increasing number of people in Asia, Europe, and North Africa began to adapt faiths characterized by a. monotheism. b. secularism. c. animism. d. polytheism. e. ancestor worship.

a. monotheism.

Compared to Hinduism and Buddhism, all of the following constitute distinctive features of late-Roman Christianity EXCEPT a. non-believers cannot join the church. b. belief in a divine trinity. c. a strong evangelizing impulse. d. intolerance for competing beliefs. e. a strong hierarchy of church officials.

a. non-believers cannot join the church.

Jewish monotheism.. a. proposed a less human-like and more abstract God. b. included worship of various lesser gods. c. influenced no other religions. d. emerged at the high point of Sumerian civilization. e. was spread actively by Jewish missionaries throughout the Middle East.

a. proposed a less human-like and more abstract God.

The characteristic political organization of the Tigris-Euphrates civilization was.. a. regional city-states. b. large, durable empires. c. village-level government d. democracy. e. hunting bands.

a. regional city-states

By 600, looking at the entire world, a good definition of "barbarian" would be a. someone who is not part of a civilization. b. someone who is illiterate. c. someone who is a knight. d. someone who is not Christian. e. someone who fights better than a peasant-soldier.

a. someone who is not part of a civilization.

One important early symptom of Rome's decline was a. the drop in population due to a series of plagues. b. the weakness of the eastern portion of the empire compared to the west. c. acceptance of Christianity. d. the use of slave labor. e. the replacement of republic by empire.

a. the drop in population due to a series of plagues.

The end of the Gupta Empire differed from the decline of Rome in that it did not involve a. the introduction of a new religion for the majority. b. a change in political institutions. c. outside invasions such as the Huns and others. d. the weakening of central government. e. big cultural changes.

a. the introduction of a new religion for the majority.

Once developed, metal tools were preferred over stone tools for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a. they were easier for ordinary people to make at home b. they permitted more diverse shapes c. they were more durable d. they could be used to make accurate weapons e. they were sharper and more precise.

a. they were easier for ordinary people to make at home

the two Mediterranean powers fighting in the Punic Wars were Select one: a. Egypt and the Persian Empire. b. Carthage and Rome. c. Athens and Sparta. d. Sicily and Ionia. e. Macedonia and Crete

b. Carthage and Rome.

What was the result of the first civil war between Ali and the Umayyads? Select one: a. Ali was killed in the conflict, but his son Hasan was named caliph and won a great victory over the Abbasids. b. Despite early successes, Ali's faction disintegrated, leading to an Umayyad victory and Ali's assassination. c. Ali was able to defeat the Umayyad clan and reduce them to political insignificance. d. Islam remained firmly united behind the heirs of Husayn and Ali. e. Ali suffered a disastrous military defeat at the Battle of Siffin, and the Umayyads emerged victorious.

b. Despite early successes, Ali's faction disintegrated, leading to an Umayyad victory and Ali's assassination.

Which of the following represents a mounting pressure for change in pre-Islamic society? a. Invasion from sub-Saharan Africa agricultural cultures incompatible with nomadic life b. Greater Byzantine and Sasanian control over Arabic tribes of the peninsula and Arabic migration to Mesopotamia c. The increasing scarcity of natural resources to support the life and culture of the bedouins d. The increasing influence of Hindu animism from the expansion of the Gupta Empire e. The increasing influence of polytheism throughout all cultures around the Mediterranean

b. Greater Byzantine and Sasanian control over Arabic tribes of the peninsula and Arabic migration to Mesopotamia

India's trading network involved direct contact with all of the following EXCEPT Select one: a. the Middle East. b. China. c. Russia. d. Southeast Asia. e. central Asia.

c. Russia.

Why did the Arab warriors not want to convert large numbers of people to Islam? Select one: a. They lacked the political organization to govern them and feared insurrection by non-Arabs. b. They would have had to share their booty and would have lost tax revenues. c. Muhammad specifically stated that Islam could only be spread among the Arabs. d. They wanted to keep high religious offices among themselves. e. Conversion would have slowed down the process of conquest.

b. They would have had to share their booty and would have lost tax revenues.

A "dynasty" in Chinese history was.. a. powerful bureaucrats who ran the state. b. a family that passed the imperial title from generation to generation. c. big business families who monopolized overseas trade. d. any emperor who lasted more than two decades. e. kings dominated by foreign interests.

b. a family that passed the imperial title from generation to generation.

Hinduism urged that Select one: a. worship of nature's spirits and images was blasphemous. b. all living creatures participated in the divine essence. c. withdrawal from the world was the only path to holiness. d. monotheism was superior to polytheism. e. Brahmins would automatically gain nirvana after death.

b. all living creatures participated in the divine essence.

Compared to Chinese architecture, Greek and Roman architecture Select one: a. emphasized tall towers and steeples. b. featured monumental styles. c. was particularly devoted to government buildings. d. avoided the use of color and decoration. e. did not emphasize balance.

b. featured monumental styles.

Buddhism differed from Hinduism by not believing Select one: a. in spreading the faith. b. in the caste system. c. in nirvana. d. in the importance of moral obligations. e. in holy leaders.

b. in the caste system.

Hellenistic society was known for its advances in.. a. democracy. b. medicine and geometry. c. Latin literature. d. warfare. e. religious thought.

b. medicine and geometry.

The Socratic Method emphasized the importance of Select one: a. laboratory experiment. b. questioning. c. harmony. d. respect for elders. e. faith in authority.

b. questioning.

Women in Han Chinese society.. a. could rise to the level of the emperor but only if they had no children. b. sometimes become quite powerful in a household. c. tended to marry much younger men. d. tended to be poor and were sometimes sold into slavery. e. would not have children until much older.

b. sometimes become quite powerful in a household.

Greek and Roman agriculture Select one: a. employed only a minority of the population. b. tended to develop large, commercial estates. c. exported grain to Asia. d. concentrated on vegetables and dairy products. e. ignored grape and olive cultivation.

b. tended to develop large, commercial estates.

Ceremony and hierarchy became an important part of upper-class Chinese life because.. a. the Chinese believed that women should regulate the household. b. the Chinese believed that it would help unify society and prevent greed. c. the Chinese believed that polite behavior was a way to please the gods. d. the Chinese religion contained many public celebrations. e. the Chinese believed that courtesy would win salvation in heaven.

b. the Chinese believed that it would help unify society and prevent greed.

The eastern portion of the Roman Empire experienced less decline than the west for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a. the east faced less pressure from barbarian invasions. b. the east resisted the spread of Christianity. c. the east had more active trade. d. the east had older traditions of civilization. e. the east was more wealthy.

b. the east resisted the spread of Christianity.

Daoists would agree with Confucianists on all of the following EXCEPT.. a. importance of restraint in personal life. b. the importance of political activity. c. scorn for greed. d. basic harmony of nature. e. the importance of tradition.

b. the importance of political activity.

Greek politics resembled Indian politics in Select one: a. the role of slave labor in providing revenues. b. the tendency of regional fragmentation. c. the wide interest in diverse political theory. d. the use of military rulers. e. the inclusion of women as political leaders.

b. the tendency of regional fragmentation.

What was the date of Muhammad's flight to Medina from Mecca? a. 635 C.E. b. 711 C.E. c. 622 C.E. d. 610 C.E. e. 570 C.E.

c. 622 C.E.

Monasticism first developed in Italy under the leadership of a. Peter. b. Socrates. c. Benedict. d. Paul. e. Justinian.

c. Benedict.

The Chinese government accepted Daoism for all of the following reasons EXCEPT.. a. Daoists did not have great political ambitions. b. Daoists came to acknowledge the Son of Heaven. c. Daoists believed that nobles were holier than peasants. d. Daoists provided spiritual insights for many in the upper classes. e. Daoism embraced traditional Chinese beliefs.

c. Daoists believed that nobles were holier than peasants.

Which of the following is NOT among the "five pillars" of Islam? Select one: a. Fasting during Ramadan b. Charity c. Pilgrimage to Medina d. Hajj e. A confession of faith

c. Pilgrimage to Medina

The Indian caste system served to an extent as a political institution by Select one: a. unifying the subcontinent under a single government. b. creating widespread interest in constitutional issues. c. promoting a belief in individual rights. d. enforcing rules about social behavior. e. causing unrest and rebellion.

c. promoting a belief in individual rights.

All of the following constituted a function of government in Han China EXCEPT.. a. promotion of Confucian beliefs. b. promotion of scientific research. c. schools for peasant boys. d. punishment of criminals. e. large construction projects.

c. schools for peasant boys.

The Neolithic revolution occurred first in a. Central America. b. China. c. the Middle East. d. India. e. Egypt.

c. the Middle East.

A characteristic of the human species before the advent of civilization was.. a. the ability to organize large political units. b. land ownership was equal. c. the ability to spread to various geographic settings and climate zones. d. that all tasks were shared equally by men and women. e. the inability to communicate about abstractions such as death.

c. the ability to spread to various geographic settings and climate zones.

The Paleolithic Age refers to.. a. the period at which agriculture was developed. b. the latest of the two stone ages. c. the period in which simple stone tools were developed. d. the period before people learned how to communicate. e. the period before the full development of the Homo sapiens species.

c. the period in which simple stone tools were developed

The Roman Empire Select one: a. allowed no political participation from its citizens. b. set up a military draft to supply the Roman legions. c. tolerated local political and religious diversity. d. insisted that all inhabitants become Roman citizens. e. prevented foreigners from trading within the empire.

c. tolerated local political and religious diversity.

Sumerian civilization produced the first.. a. mass literacy. b. coined money. c. written law code. d. examples of warfare among people. e. monotheistic religion

c. written law code

Which of the following best survived the Hun invasions in India? a. Political unity b. Aryan traditions c. Buddhist beliefs d. Hindu beliefs e. Nationalist beliefs

d. Hindu beliefs

Which of the following does NOT help explain why India was invaded more often than China? Select one: a. Greater contact with other societies b. Regional diversities c. Political tradition d. Hostility to warfare e. Geographical position

d. Hostility to warfare

Which of the following statements concerning Muhammad's flight to Medina is NOT correct? a. Once in Medina he attracted new followers to his faith. b. He fled because he was invited to mediate a dispute between the tribes of Medina. c. He fled because of the threat of assassination in Mecca. d. Muhammad fled from Mecca with nearly one quarter of the city's population. e. Muhammad fled to Medina in the year 622.

d. Muhammad fled from Mecca with nearly one quarter of the city's population.

The wars to defeat rival prophets and restore the unity of Islam were called Select one: a. Karbala. b. the first fitnah. c. Rihla. d. Ridda. e. dhow.

d. Ridda.

Which of the following areas was NOT one of the earliest civilizations to develop? a. Northeastern Africa b. Northern China c. Northwestern India d. West Africa e. Middle East

d. West Africa

In contrast to China, the social values that developed in classical India Select one: a. led to great political expansion. b. discouraged scientific research. c. promoted considerable equality between men and women. d. encouraged greater emotional spontaneity. e. urged that children not be required to work.

d. encouraged greater emotional spontaneity.

Compared to China, Indian social and economic structure Select one: a. showed greater interest in technological innovation. b. relied on conquest of foreign territories. c. tended to discourage commerce. d. gave a stronger role to merchants. e. made it easier for a peasant to rise to higher status.

d. gave a stronger role to merchants.

Confucian and Hindu values both Select one: a. urged the importance of political activity. b. focused attention on the afterlife. c. resulted in the building of magnificent temples. d. helped justify and preserve social inequality. e. tried to outlaw war.

d. helped justify and preserve social inequality.

Events in late Han China and the late Roman Empire show that the decline of a civilization, whether temporary or permanent, a. results from undue dependence on slavery. b. results from social rebellion in which the poor attack the rich and destroy their institutions. c. results from a lack of religious conviction. d. is not simply the result of attack by outside invaders. e. follows inevitably from centralized, unrepresentative government.

d. is not simply the result of attack by outside invaders.

The Qin dynasty differed from the Zhou dynasty in that.. a. it lasted longer. b. it practiced Confucianism. c. it eventually declined and fell. d. it was more centralized. e. it was defeated by invading Huns.

d. it was more centralized.

Compared to Hinduism, Christians are more likely to a. approve of sexual pleasure. b. believe that women are morally superior to men. c. be polytheistic. d. see humans as superior to the rest of nature. e. tolerate other beliefs.

d. see humans as superior to the rest of nature.

India's political tradition Select one: a. involved the renunciation of violence and warfare. b. required frequent wars of expansion. c. insisted on religious uniformity. d. stressed the importance of regional and local units. e. emphasized the emperor as Son of Heaven.

d. stressed the importance of regional and local units.

Among the early river civilizations.. a. the use of metal tools spread very slowly. b. west Africa developed the first empire. c. writing was only found in the Nile river valley. d. the Huang he culture in China was the most isolated. e. sedentary agriculture first developed in Mesoamerica.

d. the Huanghe culture in China was the most isolated.

The development of agriculture caused important changes in all of the following EXCEPT a. the stability of human settlements. b. population size and life expectancy. c. the development of complex social patterns. d. the tendency to believe in many gods. e. male-female relations.

d. the tendency to believe in many gods

Nomadic invaders often had military advantages over the armies of empires because a. they had larger forces with more soldiers. b. they developed better supply lines. c. they had smaller distances to cover. d. they were more skilled as horsemen. e. they believed they were fighting inferior cultures.

d. they were more skilled as horsemen.

The Greek and Hellenistic approach in science Select one: a. emphasized the mysterious forces of nature. b. was purely theoretical. c. stressed the importance of practical applications. d. used mathematics to try and explain nature's patterns. e. heavily influenced China's scientific approach.

d. used mathematics to try and explain nature's patterns.

Which of the following was a Confucian belief? a. Change should be encouraged and modeled by the emperor. b. Governments must not interfere with individual rights. c. Merchants must be valued for their money-making skills. d. People of all social classes and abilities should be actively involved in government. e. A good society has a hierarchy both in family and state.

e. A good society has a hierarchy both in family and state.

The Abbasids moved the political center of their empire to Select one: a. Damascus. b. Merv. c. Constantinople. d. Jerusalem. e. Baghdad.

e. Baghdad.

By 600 C. E., an early civilization was beginning to take shape in a. the West Indies. b. Brazil. c. Russia. d. the west coast of North America. e. Central America.

e. Central America.

Under the Umayyads, the political center of Islam shifted to a. Constantinople. b. Baghdad. c. Merv. d. Cairo. e. Damascus.

e. Damascus.

The first kingdoms in eastern Africa below the Sahara showed the influence of a. Rome and Phoenicia. b. the flight of Jews from Israel. c. Indian merchants and missionaries. d. Persia. e. Egypt and Hellenism.

e. Egypt and Hellenism.

Why was the caliph Uthman disliked by so many Arabs? Select one: a. He was not an Arab. b. He murdered Ali. c. He had halted the process of expansion and thus stopped the flow of booty to the tribesmen. d. He was a firm supporter of Muhammad's son-in-law and nephew, Ali. e. He was the first caliph to be chosen from Muhammad's early enemies, the Umayyads.

e. He was the first caliph to be chosen from Muhammad's early enemies, the Umayyads.

Which of the following groups was considered "low standing" in official Chinese social hierarchy? a. Peasants b. Scholars c. Soldiers d. Students e. Merchants

e. Merchants

What was the Ka'ba? Select one: a. The belief in the goodness of holy war b. The name given to Muhammad's flight from Mecca c. The tribe that dominated Mecca d. The port of Mecca e. The religious shrine that was the focus of an annual truce

e. The religious shrine that was the focus of an annual truce

Why did the original inhabitants of Australia not develop agriculture? a. They were prevented from doing so by the Neolithic revolution. b. Australia never experienced an ice age. c. The Australian climate was too severe. d. Australian soil was too barren to grow crops. e. They were too isolated to learn of developments elsewhere until recently.

e. They were too isolated to learn of developments elsewhere until recently.

Republican Romans and democratic Athenians would have agreed that all of the following were politically important EXCEPT Select one: a. proper worship of the gods. b. splendid public buildings. c. a strong military. d. an involved citizenry. e. division of powers within the state.

e. division of powers within the state.

Chinese views of nature emphasized.. a. that the key to understanding lay through scientific experiments. b. that nature was uncontrollable. c. deities that punished sinful people. d. a powerful, all-seeing God. e. harmony and balance.

e. harmony and balance.

The development of writing a. was unusual in an agricultural society. b. helps explain why agriculture could develop. c. resulted from new technologies, notably the invention of paper. d. resulted from the needs of the various river valley civilizations to communicate with one another. e. helps explain why governments could become more formal and bureaucratic.

e. helps explain why governments could become more formal and bureaucratic.

A society is almost certainly a civilization if.. a. it gathers food to survive. b. it has some political structure. c. it has religious rituals. d. it involves tool use. e. it practices sedentary agriculture.

e. it practices sedentary agriculture.

The Mauryan dynasty differed from the Gupta dynasty in that Select one: a. it attacked Buddhist beliefs. b. it refused to develop a strong army. c. it was imposed by conquerors from Greece. d. Mauryan rulers opposed the caste system. e. it ruled a larger territory.

e. it ruled a larger territory.

The term for non-Arab Muslim converts is a. dhimmis. b. jizya. c. umma. d. dhow. e. mawali.

e. mawali.

Roman slaves were used for all of the following EXCEPT Select one: a. work in the mines. b. agricultural labor. c. entertainment. d. household care and tutoring. e. military service.

e. military service.

Hunting and gathering societies.. a. are always warlike and require little land. b. are not able to produce art. c. generally produce a food surplus. d. could not survive after Middle Eastern people developed agriculture. e. organize rather small groups into political units.

e. organize rather small groups into political units

Roman emperors tried to prevent popular disorder by Select one: a. abolishing slavery in Rome and the provinces. b. dividing the great landed estates. c. granting the vote to lower-class citizens. d. enlarging the empire through the conquest of Gaul. e. organizing food supplies and distribution.

e. organizing food supplies and distribution.

The "Son of Heaven" concept promoted all of the following EXCEPT.. a. loyalty to the emperor. b. centralization of power in the state. c. an explanation of the decline of dynasties. d. the remoteness of emperor from subjects. e. priests' control of the state.

e. priests' control of the state.

In the classical period, both China and India Select one: a. created cultural traditions which rapidly died off. b. developed a lasting tradition of strong, centralized government. c. attempted to conquer the most territory possible. d. welcomed influences from other cultures. e. showed considerable tolerance for different religions.

e. showed considerable tolerance for different religions.

The earliest known writing in a civilization first developed in.. a. Mesoamerica b. India c. Egypt d. China e. the Middle East

e. the Middle East

A famous example of "cultural diffusion" in early Chinese history was.. a. the development of written Mandarin Chinese characters. b. the use of the iron plow from Rome. c. the use of the chariot, which was brought in by the Mongols. d. the spread of paper-making technology from the Middle East. e. the introduction and spread of Buddhism from India.

e. the introduction and spread of Buddhism from India.

the Senate of republican Rome particularly represented Select one: a. the non-native Romans. b. the emperors. c. the urban workers. d. the merchants and businessmen. e. the landed aristocracy.

e. the landed aristocracy.

Compared to modern American ideas of democracy, Athenian democracy was distinctive in Select one: a. separating foreign residents from citizens. b. naming experienced leaders as military generals. c. electing representatives to govern the city-state. d. urging that the state adopt policies to benefit ordinary citizens. e. urging that all citizens participate directly in lawmaking and policy making.

e. urging that all citizens participate directly in lawmaking and policy making.

Egypt differed from Mesopotamian civilization by stressing.. a. more modest building projects. b. firm religious beliefs. c. extensive trade. d. greater social equality. e. well-organized, durable empires.

e. well-organized, durable empires