Ap world history prologue quiz

Mandate of Heaven

"heaven"/universal force chose emperor to rule China - if a ruler was corrupt/ineffective supposedly caused a form of natural disaster showing displeasure from "heaven" - was sign ruler had lost Mandate of Heaven\

Greece

1,000 city-states, many deities, patriarchal, Sparta - powerful, military, Athens- architecture, literature, theater, philosophy, democracy Alexander the Great - spread Greek culture to Egypt and India (Hellenistic World)

Expansion of Islam

Dar al-Islam - Southern Spain, North Africa, Middle East, parts of India

The World in 1200

Europe and Asia were connected through Indian Ocean trade, Silk Roads, trans-Saharan trade routes. Byzantine Empire (Islamic empires) stability Eastern Europe-Middle East-South Asia

Sui Dynasty

Grand Canal (1,000 + miles) connected north and south agriculturally/socially/culturally

South Asia and Southeast Asia

Hinduism/caste system kept southern India unified , northern India series of invasions which brought Islam, monsoon winds aided trade , horses, ivory, enslaved people

Agricultural Revolution

Humans plant crops, raise animals for food, population grew (food), artisans, merchants, priests, irrigation, wheel, governments, social classes, status of women declines

The Development of Christianity

Jesus leader of the Jewish community and followers of his teachings considered him the Christ, or savior of humanity sent by God, known as Christians , attractive to the poor b/c taught people could have a better life after death if they believed in Jesus

Byzantine Empire

Justinian the Great constructed Hagia Sophia, Justinian Code (law foundation)

The Americas

Mississippian civilization near present-day St. Louis - major trade hub Toltec in Mesoamerica , adapted many Mayan practices, heavily influenced Aztecs

Teachings of Islam

Muhammad, Qur'an, Five Pillars of Faith, caliph, successors

Egypt

Nile River valley, pharaoh, hieroglyphics, math, pyramids, women legally equal to men

The First Migrations

Nomadic, hunter-gatherers, fire, stone tools, pictographs, male dominance

Non-River Valley Civilizations

Olmecs in Mesoamerica and Chavin in the Andes both were complex societies extensive trade

Developed

Rome (Italy), Constantinople (Turkey), Damascus (Syria), Pataliputra (India), Chang'an (China)

Japan

Shoguns, daimyos , samurai , peasants , merchants , Shinto, missionaries from China/Korea brought Buddhism

Eurasia

Silk Road(s) and maritime routes in Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean spread goods/ideas

Europe

Vikings arrived , Christianity unifying force in Europe , split into two branches in 1054 (Roman Catholic Church in the east/Orthodox Church in the west) Crusades launched to free Jerusalem + from Islamic control

Mesopotamia

World's first civilization Tigris/Euphrates Rivers

The Enlightened One - Siddhartha Gautama - Buddha

born into wealthy Hindu family - left to pursue life of poverty, meditation and pursue nirvana

Zoroastrianism

developed in Persia, monotheistic, focus on human free will and eternal battle between forces of good and evil

Tang Dynasty

extended border north into Mongolia, west into Central Asia, south into Vietnam, rice/population growth, expanded Civil Service, gunpowder, paper money, continued trade items of silk, porcelain, etc. tributary system, footbinding

Mauryan Empire

first period of unity in South Asia Ashoka (ruler) tax system/built roads/develop law converted from Hinduism to Buddhism

Daoism

focused on how people could live in harmony with nature emphasized internal reflection rather than external behavior

China

highly patriarchal, ancestors of great importance

Sumer (Sumerians)

invented cuneiform (first written language) recorded first written laws

Han Dynasty

magnetic compass paper, stern-post rudder, trade in silk, spices,tea, precious metals, civil service system

Spread of Buddhism

missionaries/merchants along Silk Roads and around Indian Ocean rejected caste system sought converts among all people monastic faith w/communities for men and women

Judaism

monotheistic, covenant (mutual promise w/their God) in return for devotion and will be considered them his chosen people Old Testament. Christianity and Islam are all monotheistic and look back to Abraham as important figure

Abbasids

most influential Dar-al-Islam rulers capital in Baghdad math medicine atronomical tax if non-Muslim

City-states

patriarchal, religious architectural (ziggurats) long distance trade, polytheistic

Hinduism

reincarnation, caste system

Song Dynasty

restored order, leading manufacturer of iron, steel, silk, porcelain melded C, B, D religions

Gupta Empire

second period of unity in South Asia Golden Age of India medicine (inoculations), math (numbering system), Hinduism most common religion patriarchal

Qin Dynasty

standardized Chinese script, established uniform system of weights/measures, built canals/roads

Africa

sub-Saharan Africa had mostly kin-based communities trans-Saharan trade route (camels), Ghana - gold, salt, Muslim faith prevalent , east Africa - Indian trading network , exported gold, ivory, enslaved people , Great Zimbabwe - large kingdom (declined)

Confucianism

teachings written down in Analects (how people should behave) focus was on education, benevolence, virtue, respect, honor ancestors

Sunnis and Shi'as

two major branches of Islam, Sunni Muslims (today, Sunnis are majority of Muslims in the world) felt caliph could be selected from among all leaders of Islamic community, Shi'a Muslims (today, are strongest in Iran/Iraq) felt caliph should be blood relative of Muhammad

Rome

very Greeklike (deities, slavery, representative government), patriarchal , aqueducts, large stadiums, corrupt military, small pox/plague, decline......but endearing legacy was religious toleration, but need to accept divine nature of the emperor

The World in 1200 pt2

China and Dar al-Islam leading centers of learning/innovation.Western Europe and Japan decentralized systems of government and featured powerful land-owning nobles Africa largely remained stateless, precept for some regions in West Africa and East Africa that were part of Dar al-Islam Afro-Eurasia, America and Oceania developing, but in isolation ]1200 - China wealthier, Islamic state stronger, Europe learns from other regions - the Mongols arrive in the 13th century - Columbus in 1492 changed the world.....

Persia (modern day Iran)

Cyrus the Great, centralized government/efficient bureaucracy, network of roads ,promoted trade, prosperity and stability diverse, religion and toleration