AP World History- Unit 4

Of the movements shown on the map, the largest resulted from a high demand for labor to grow... A) sugar B) cotton C) rubber D) tea

A) sugar

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which might best be used to undermine or modify the author's argument int he second paragraph? A) Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire faced considerable restrictions on their religious practices, legal rights, and social freedoms B) Christian and Jewish communities in many other Muslim states in the period circa 1450-1750 enjoyed some of the same rights as Ottoman Christians and Jews did C) The Ottoman Empire was a preferred destination for Jews fleeing religious persecution in Europe, as well as for protestant Christian groups fleeing Catholic persecution in Central and Eastern Europe D) Many Ottoman Christians and Jews achieved great financial success through commercial activities, including long-distance trade

A) Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire faced considerable restrictions on their religious practices, legal rights, and social freedoms

Which of the following developments can be most directly attributed to Portuguese and Spanish state sponsorship of maritime exploration in the late fifteenth century? A) Improvements in European geographic knowledge of Africa and the Indian Ocean B) Improvements in Europeans' ability to prevent the spread of infectious diseases C) Religious divisions in Europe related to the Protestant Reformation D) The development of theories of natural rights and representative government

A) Improvements in European geographic knowledge of Africa and the Indian Ocean

One similarity between Cossacks and American cowboys was that both... A) Lived on the frontier of an expanding country B) Were criminals forced into exile by their governments C) Often formed alliances with the native inhabitants of their region D) Represented the spread of urban society.

A) Lived on the frontier of an expanding country

The contents of the letter are best understood in the context of which of the following aspects of the historical situation in sub-Saharan Africa in the early 1600s? A) Political, religious, and economic rivalries shaped European colonial policies in Africa B) State centralization in Europe led to a change from joint-stock company control to direct imperial control in many colonial territories C) The arrival of Europeans led to the conquest and destruction of many native African states D) Religious conflicts stemming from the spread of Islam from North Africa made sub-Saharan African states vulnerable to European conquest

A) Political, religious, and economic rivalries shaped European colonial policies in Africa

The European Monarch who made the greatest use of this new technology was... A) Prince Henry B) Henry VIII C) Mehmed the Great D) Pope Urban II

A) Prince Henry

The excerpt implies that Espinosa felt... A) Sympathy for those working in the mine B) Loyal to the Spanish government C) Concerned for the souls of the indigenous population D) Interested primarily in making profits from the mine.

A) Sympathy for those working in the mine

Which of the following would a historian most likely cite as evidence in support of the author's argument in the second paragraph of the passage? A) The Ottoman millet system, an arrangement designed to utilize the economic contributions of non-Muslim groups within the empire while granting them limited autonomy to organize their communal affairs under their own religious leaders B) The Ottoman practice of devshirme, a military levy of Christian boys who would be converted to Islam and trained as Ottoman Janissary soldiers or bureaucrats in state service C) The Ottoman practice of farming out the collection of taxes to local private individuals (some of them non-Muslim), because of the shortage of trained government financial officials D) The Ottoman sultans' continued powers of granting final approval for any high-ranking appointment of a non-Muslim religious leader, including the power to approve patriarchs and bishops of the various Christian communities and chief rabbis of the Jewish community

A) The Ottoman millet system, an arrangement designed to utilize the economic contributions of non-Muslim groups within the empire while granting them limited autonomy to organize their communal affairs under their own religious leaders

Which of the following best describes the author's argument in the first paragraph? A) The demographic makeup of Barbadian society and the structure of its economy make existing punishments for slaves justified B) Barbadian slaves are punished more leniently than slaves working on the larger plantations of French Caribbean islands C) Plantation owners who punish their slaves too harshly are not fulfilling their duties as Christians to treat the less fortunate kindly D) The punishments of slaves in Barbados are the result of a long experience of deadly slave uprisings and anti-planter violence on the island

A) The demographic makeup of Barbadian society and the structure of its economy make existing punishments for slaves justified

The movements shown on the map were part of a global trend between 1500 and 1800 of... A) greater contract among people of different ethnic backgrounds B) greater separation among people living in different continents C) states becoming smaller and more homogenous D) states becoming larger but more homogenous

A) greater contract among people of different ethnic backgrounds

The privileges discussed in the last two paragraphs of the passage best demonstrate that in some instances in the period 1450-1750... A) internal challenges to state power could lead to the establishment of new state-like structures within existing states B) states implemented policies seeking to restrict the role of certain minority groups in economic and social life C) monarchs had to resort to deploying standing armies to crush regional revolts by hereditary local elites D) states successfully established professional bureaucracies to reduce reliance on mercenaries and tax farming

A) internal challenges to state power could lead to the establishment of new state-like structures within existing states

The system for using Indian labor described in the passage was most similar to the system of labor used... A) on indentured servants in the British North American colonies B) in the bureaucracy in Tang China C) in early capitalism in Western Europe D) by merchants in the trans-Saharan salt trade.

A) on indentured servants in the British North American colonies

The report's position on the proposed transfer of Luanda to the Dutch is best understood in the light of the author's goal to... A) secure profits from the rapidly expanding trans-Atlantic slave trade B) highlight the gender and family imbalances created by the slave trade C) recommend that the company expand its operations to the Indian Ocean and the spice islands of Southeast Asia D) offer a comparison between the profitability of East African versus West African slave trade routes

A) secure profits from the rapidly expanding trans-Atlantic slave trade

Which of the following best describes the author's claim in the second paragraph? A) The extensive mining of precious metals on Caribbean islands has destroyed the islands' natural environment B) Despite the small size of Barbadian plantations, the landowners on Barbados are very wealthy C) Slave political grievances are threatening the political order in American colonial societies D) Barbadian plantation owners are the wealthiest social group in the Caribbean

B) Despite the small size of Barbadian plantations, the landowners on Barbados are very wealthy

The sixteenth- and seventeenth-century maritime exploration efforts by England, France, and the Netherlands were most directly connected to which of the following historical processes? A) The Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation B) Economic competition against Spain and Portugal and a desire to find new sailing routes to Asia C) The transfer of engineering and navigational knowledge from the classical and Islamic worlds to Europe D) The need to ease population pressures in Europe by establishing settlement colonies

B) Economic competition against Spain and Portugal and a desire to find new sailing routes to Asia

In which region is this painting most likely set? A) Hudson Bay B) Gulf of Mexico C) James River D) Great Lakes

B) Gulf of Mexico

In the above passage, what is the author's attitude toward Akbar's behavior. A) He disapproved of Akbar's lack of adherence to Islamic practice B) He is impressed by Akbar's curiosity and open-mindedness. C) He wants to participate in the religious discussions in Akbar's court D) He believes Islamic thought has too much influence over Akbar.

B) He is impressed by Akbar's curiosity and open-mindedness.

What impact did the products of mines described in the passage, along with metals extracted from other mines, have on Spain and the rest of the world? A) It enabled the Spanish navy to defeat the English navy in 1588 B) It resulted in inflation and a worldwide devaluation of silver C) It caused gold to become the new form of worldwide currency. D) It allowed many South Americans to move to Europe.

B) It resulted in inflation and a worldwide devaluation of silver

The fact that the Russian tsar insisted in the last paragraph that some ambassadors be treated differently from others best illustrates which of the following about international politics int eh period circa 1650-1750? A) The Christian countries of Europe had banded together to defeat the threat from the Muslim Ottoman Empire B) Russia had encountered significant resistance to its plans for further territorial expansion from some of the established states in eastern and southern Europe C) Poland and the Ottoman Empire both felt threatened by the rising military might of Russia D) The Zaporozhian Cossacks, Russia, and most other European countries were bound by international treaties prohibiting the mistreatment of ambassadors

B) Russia had encountered significant resistance to its plans for further territorial expansion from some of the established states in eastern and southern Europe

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which would best support the author's argument in the first paragraph of the passage? A) The Mamluk ruling elites of Egypt were made up of slave soldiers of various ethnic origins, including Turco-Mongolic peoples from the Black Sea steppes and peoples from the Caucasus Mountains B) The period of Mamluk rule in Egypt saw a high number of conversions to Islam and a considerable reduction in the percentage of Coptic Christians in the overall population of Egypt C) The Mamluks were one of the very few Muslim dynasties to have successfully defeated invading Mongol armies in battle D) The Jewish community in Mamluk Cairo included many prominent figures, including royal physicians, scholars, and administrators

B) The period of Mamluk rule in Egypt saw a high number of conversions to Islam and a considerable reduction in the percentage of Coptic Christians in the overall population of Egypt

Which conclusion about the Portuguese is the best supported by the passage above? A) They manufactured luxury goods that they could sell in China. B) They made great profits transporting goods between Asian countries. C) They primarily wanted to accumulate silver. D) They preferred to trade with China rather than Japan.

B) They made great profits transporting goods between Asian countries.

The author uses all of the following as evidence to support his argument about the impact of smallpox on Native American populations EXCEPT... A) many Native Americans who contracted smallpox died from it B) the English settlers tried to help the Native Americans who were afflicted with smallpox C) the Native Americans feared smallpox more than any other disease D) smallpox was widespread among Native Americans

B) the English settlers tried to help the Native Americans who were afflicted with smallpox

Which of the following processes most immediately led to the global expansion of European political power in the period circa 1500? A) The Columbian Exchange B) The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople C) Advances in shipbuilding and navigational methods D) Advances in medicine that improved Europeans' ability to survive in tropical climates

C) Advances in shipbuilding and navigational methods

Based on the passage and what you have read in this unit, what were Akbar's policies toward religion? A) Akbar favored strict Islamic practice and sometimes persecuted Catholics. B) Akbar focused almost exclusively on the relatively new religious teachings of the Sikhs. C) Akbar showed tolerance of and interest in a variety of religions. D) Akbar was not interested in religion, pursuing philosophy instead.

C) Akbar showed tolerance of and interest in a variety of religions.

Which of the following is an implicit argument made by the author in the passage? A) The current political and economic makeup of European colonies int he Caribbean is not sustainable over the long term B) Christianity will provide a solution to the social ills of colonial societies in the Caribbean C) Coerced labor systems have allowed a minority of the population of Caribbean colonial societies to reap enormous economic benefits D) It is incumbent upon France to try to wrest control of Barbados from Great Britain

C) Coerced labor systems have allowed a minority of the population of Caribbean colonial societies to reap enormous economic benefits

One difference between Spanish and British colonies reflected in this painting is that in Spanish colonies families were more likely to... A) Have young children living with them. B) Wear formal clothing with lace. C) Consist of a European man and a native woman. D) Include a husband and a wife of similar ages.

C) Consist of a European man and a native woman.

Which statement best describes the point of view of the source, Ralph Fitch? A) He was ridiculing the Portuguese for working so hard for so little profit. B) He was embarrassed that the Portuguese were taking advantage of the Chinese and Japanese. C) He was hoping to make profits just as the Portuguese were doing. D) He was criticizing the Portuguese for being so focused on acquiring wealth.

C) He was hoping to make profits just as the Portuguese were doing.

The author invokes which of the following to support his claim that smallpox's impact on European settlers was different from its impact on Native Americans? A) Pseudoscientific theories of European racial superiority B) Evidence from population genetics C) Ideas about the role of divine providence in human affairs D) Protestant ideas about hard work and economic success as markers of personal virtue

C) Ideas about the role of divine providence in human affairs

Which of the following had policies on religion that most resembled those of Akbar? A) Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella B) Qing dynasty C) Ottoman Empire under Mehmed II D) England under Edward I

C) Ottoman Empire under Mehmed II

Why would Tsar Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) use Cossacks to expand the Russian empire into Siberia... A) They lived in a harsh climate and could withstand the Siberian winters. B) They lived near Muslims and therefore could negotiate with Siberian Muslims C) They had a tradition of being fierce warriors D) They were Ukrainian and would defend Ivan from rebellions by Siberian Russians

C) They had a tradition of being fierce warriors

This map best supports the claim that one effect of the movements shown on the map was that between 1500 and 1800 Africa's population... A) was too large in 1500 to be supported by the technology of that time B) was too small in 1800 to enable the slave trade to continue C) was becoming more diverse as immigrants replaced people who had been enslaved. D) was growing less than it would have without slave trade.

C) was becoming more diverse as immigrants replaced people who had been enslaved.

Which statement best explains why Portugal established a trading post empire? A) It had a large navy and was able to conquer nearby lands. B) It was a landlocked country and could not expand except by sea. C) It had only enough people and power to maintain trading posts rather than a large empire. D) It was ahead of other European states in developing navigational innovations.

D) It was ahead of other European states in developing navigational innovations.

As outlined in the passage, the provisions of the agreement can best be used to illustrate which of the following aspects of state building in Eurasia in the period circa 1450-1750? A) Mercantilist philosophy continued to inform the economic and social policies of many states B) Many states were able to consolidate their political systems and eliminate challenges to monarchical power C) Religious differences stopped being a significant factor int he weakening and fragmentation of imperial states D) Local elites successfully resisted attempts at state centralization and asserted their autonomy from central rule

D) Local elites successfully resisted attempts at state centralization and asserted their autonomy from central rule

The technological innovation depicted in the above image was first used in... A) The Black Sea B) The East African Coastal city of Kilwa C) Constantinople D) The Indian Ocean

D) The Indian Ocean

The passage implies that the author was aware of smallpox being an infectious disease. Which of the following can best be cited as evidence of that claim? A) The author's statement that Native Americans lived in a "trading house" near the English settlement B) The author's statement that smallpox was so debilitating that those afflicted with it could not "make a fire, or fetch water to drink" C) The author's statement that the English settlers "took pity" at the sight of the Native Americans' suffering D) The author's statement that no English settlers fell ill, even though "many performed these favors for the Indians for weeks"

D) The author's statement that no English settlers fell ill, even though "many performed these favors for the Indians for weeks"

The conflict between the Cossacks and Catherine the Great known as the Pugachev Rebellion was most similar to... A) The Mongol conquests because it was a fight over control of the wealth B) The english Civil War because it was a fight between a monarch and a legislature. C) The Thirty Years' war because it was a fight between a monarch and a legislature D) The conflicts in Japan during the Heian period in which feudal lords controlled the lives of the serfs.

D) The conflicts in Japan during the Heian period in which feudal lords controlled the lives of the serfs.

Which of the following best describes the cultural exchange represented in the painting? A) The colonist has adopted aspects of the culture of the woman. B) The child likely speaks Spanish C) The woman is raising her child in the traditions of her culture. D) The woman has adopted aspects of the culture of the colonies.

D) The woman has adopted aspects of the culture of the colonies.

The specific technological innovation depicted here that improved deep water navigation was the... A) compass B) upper deck oars C) astrolabe D) lateen sails

D) lateen sails

The point of view expressed by the Dutch West India Company's directors in the letter can best be described as... A) evenhanded in describing the benefits and detriments of various proposed options to the States General B) shaped by views of European cultural and religious superiority over African peoples, which the States General representatives would have been likely to share C) dismissive in its evaluation of the military and strategic importance of the kingdom of Kongo to the Netherlands D) seeking to steer the States General representatives into taking action that would benefit the company financially

D) seeking to steer the States General representatives into taking action that would benefit the company financially