AP2 endocrine
64) A deficiency of which hormone can lead to diabetes insipidus? A) 3 B) 7 C) 2 D) 8 E) 14
14 (kidneys)
1) All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn't A) respond rapidly to stimuli. B) respond specifically to stimuli. C) communicate by the release of neurotransmitters. D) respond with motor output. E) function independently of the endocrine system.
function independently of the endocrine system
40) Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause A) dwarfism. B) rickets. C) gigantism. D) acromegaly. E) diabetes insipidus.
gigantism
29) If the adenyl cyclase activity of liver cells were missing, which of these hormones could no longer stimulate release of glucose? A) insulin B) glucagon C) cortisol D) thyroxine
glucagon
90) The zona glomerulosa of the suprarenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine.
mineralocorticoids
74) The condition known as hirsutism can result from too A) much insulin. B) little TSH. C) much ACTH. D) much androgen production. E) little glucagon.
much androgren production
13) A simple endocrine reflex involves ________ hormone(s). A) one B) two C) hypothalamic D) gonadotropic E) tropic
one
68) Which of the following cells are target cells for the hormone that causes a decrease in blood-calcium concentration? A) alpha cells B) osteoclasts C) osteoblasts D) C cells E) All cells in the body, especially cartilage, bone, and muscle cells.
osteoclasts
59) The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones? A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 9 E) 16
9
36) Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture A) CRF and GnRH. B) TSH and FSH. C) ADH and oxytocin. D) FSH and PRL. E) GHIH and GHRH.
ADH and oxytocin
23) When adenyl cyclase is activated, A) ATP is consumed. B) cAMP is formed. C) cAMP is broken down. D) ATP is produced. E) ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed.
ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed
44) The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is A) FSH. B) ADH. C) TSH. D) MSH. E) ACTH.
MSH
76) Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ion in the blood. A) thymosin B) calcitonin C) PTH D) aldosterone E) cortisol
PTH
93) A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is A) cortisol. B) parathormone. C) thymosin. D) somatotropin. E) aldosterone.
aldosterone
95) Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of A) antidiuretic hormone. B) calcitonin. C) aldosterone. D) cortisone. E) oxytocin.
aldosterone
10) Hormones can operate on the ________ level of organization. A) cellular B) tissue C) organ D) organismic E) All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
20) Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include A) peptides. B) steroids. C) eicosanoids. D) amino acid derivatives. E) All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
21) Hormonal actions on cells include those that affect A) quantities of enzymes. B) activities of enzymes. C) synthesis of enzymes. D) gating of ion channels. E) All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
26) Hormone release may be controlled by which of the following factors? A) blood level of an ion-like potassium B) blood level of glucose C) blood level of a hormone D) nervous stimuli E) All of the answers are correct
all of the answers are correct
37) Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release A) FSH. B) TSH. C) ACTH. D) GH. E) All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
38) The hypophyseal portal system A) is a blood connection between the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. B) has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins. C) carries neurosecretions to the anterior lobe of the pituitary. D) carries ADH and oxytocin. E) All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
42) Which of the following organs contain target cells for oxytocin? A) prostate B) ductus deferens C) mammary glands D) uterus E) All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
46) The hormone oxytocin A) promotes uterine contractions. B) is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands. C) triggers prostate gland contraction. D) is produced in the hypothalamus. E) All of the answers are correct
all of the answers are correct
58) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is secreted by the human pars intermedia A) during pregnancy. B) in very young children. C) during fetal development. D) in some disease processes. E) All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
69) Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues? A) increased oxygen consumption B) increased heart rate C) increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation D) increased body temperature E) All of the answers are correct
all of the answers are correct
8) An activated G protein can trigger A) the production of diacylglycerol. B) the opening of calcium ion channels in the membrane. C) the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores. D) a fall in cAMP levels. E) All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
80) Inadequate iodine in the diet may lead to A) hypothyroidism. B) cretinism. C) myxedema. D) high blood levels of TSH. E) All of the answers are correct.
all of the answers are correct
88) The zona reticularis of the suprarenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine
androgens
15) All of the following are true of steroid hormones, except that they A) are produced by the suprarenal medulla. B) are derived from cholesterol. C) are produced by reproductive glands. D) bind to receptors within the cell. E) are lipids.
are produced by the suprarenal medulla
18) Steroid hormones A) are proteins. B) cannot diffuse through cell membranes. C) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells. D) remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time. E) are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma.
bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells
9) Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein A) calcitonin. B) calcitriol. C) calmodulin. D) calcium-binding globulin. E) calcitropin.
calmodulin
17) Extracellular membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones? A) catecholamines B) peptide hormones C) eicosanoids D) thyroid E) catecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids
carecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids
91) The suprarenal medulla produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) catecholamines. E) corticosteroids.
catecholamines
47) Growth hormone does all of the following, except that it A) promotes bone growth. B) promotes muscle growth. C) causes fat accumulation within adipocytes. D) is glucose sparing. E) promotes amino acid uptake by cells.
causes fat accumulation within adipocytes
6) Peptide hormones are A) composed of amino acids. B) produced by the suprarenal glands. C) derived from the amino acid tyrosine. D) lipids. E) chemically related to cholesterol.
composed of amino acids
92) A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is A) aldosterone. B) erythropoietin. C) thymosin. D) cortisol. E) parathormone.
cortisol
100) Too little secretion of cortisol and aldosterone causes A) goiter. B) diabetes mellitus. C) diabetes insipidus. D) Addison disease. E) Cushing disease.
cushing disease
14) Which of the following substances activates protein kinases and thus acts as a second messenger? A) insulin B) ACTH C) epinephrine D) cyclic AMP E) TSH
cyclic AMP
24) After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex, A) adenyl cyclase is activated. B) cyclic nucleotides are formed. C) G proteins are phosphylated. D) gene transcription is initiated. E) protein kinases are activated
cyclic nucleotides are formed
96) The suprarenal medulla produces the hormones A) synephrine and neosynephrine. B) epinephrine and norepinephrine. C) corticosterone and testosterone. D) androgens and progesterone. E) norcortisol and cortisol.
epinephrine and norepinephrine
89) The zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine.
glucorticoids
94) Cushing disease results from an excess of A) growth hormone. B) parathyroid hormone. C) ADH. D) glucocorticoids. E) epinephrine.
glucorticoids
41) Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates? A) cortisol B) parathyroid hormone C) insulin D) growth hormone E) epinephrine
growth hormone
28) All target cells A) have hormone receptors. B) respond to electrical signals. C) secrete hormones. D) produce their own hormones. E) are in the blood
have hormone receptors
3) ________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. A) Hormones B) Neuropeptides C) Neurotransmitters D) Humoral antibodies E) Antigens
hormones
25) The most complex endocrine responses involve the A) thyroid gland. B) pancreas. C) suprarenal glands. D) hypothalamus. E) thymus gland.
hypothalamus
71) Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of A) hyperthyroidism. B) hypothyroidism. C) hyperparathyroidism. D) hypoparathyroidism. E) diabetes insipidus
hypothyroidism
77) Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place? A) in lysosomes B) in rough endoplasmic reticulum C) in the lumen of the thyroid follicle D) in pinocytotic vesicles E) in apical microvilli
in the lumen of the thyroid follice
39) The main action of antidiuretic hormone is: A) increased water conservation by kidneys B) stimulate kidney cells to secrete renin C) increase urine output to remove excess fluid D) increased blood pressure by increased Na+ reabsorption E) inhibition of aldosterone
increased water conservation by the kidneys
87) The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that A) stimulates the formation of white blood cells. B) increases the level of calcium ions in the blood. C) increases the level of sodium ions in the blood. D) increases the level of potassium ions in the blood. E) increases the level of glucose in the blood.
increases the level of calcium ions in the blood
83) Which of the following is not an action of TSH? A) stimulates T3 and T4 secretion B) stimulates iodide trapping by thyroid follicle cells C) inhibits T3 and T4 secretion D) stimulates pinocytosis of colloid by thyroid follicle cells E) increases cyclic AMP concentration within thyroid follicle cells
inhibits T3 and T4 secretion
27) Which of the following hormones is/are water soluble and therefore bind(s) to extracellular receptors? A) insulin B) epinephrine C) cortisol D) calcitriol E) insulin and epinephrine
insulin and epinephrine
67) Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone? A) sodium B) iodine C) potassium D) iron E) colloid
iodine
70) Thyroid hormone contains the element A) fluorine. B) chlorine. C) iron. D) iodine. E) zinc.
iodine
31) Destruction of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result? A) loss of ADH secretion B) loss of GH secretion C) loss of melatonin secretion D) loss of emotional response E) loss of loss of regulatory factor secretion
loss of ADH secretion
45) Each of the following hormones is produced by the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis, except A) FSH. B) oxytocin. C) TSH. D) corticotropin. E) somatotropin.
oxytocin
61) The hormone that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is A) oxytocin. B) prolactin. C) luteinizing hormone. D) just extra fluids. E) both oxytocin and luteinizing hormone
oxytocin
66) Identify the hormone labeled "13." A) LH B) progesterone C) estrogen D) oxytocin E) testosterone
oxytocin (ovaries & testes)
7) A kinase is an enzyme that performs A) phosphorylation. B) as a membrane channel. C) active transport. D) protein synthesis. E) as an antibody
phosphorylation
57) The term used to describe excess production of urine is A) polyuria. B) polydipsia. C) hematuria. D) glycosuria. E) diabetes insipidis
polyuria
53) The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) growth hormone. D) FSH. E) prolactin.
prolactin
60) PRL is to ________ as ACTH is to ________. A) prolactin; corticotropin B) oxytocin; mammotropin C) gonadotropin; mammotropin D) oxytocin; cortisol
prolatin; corticotropin
2) Endocrine cells A) are a type of nerve cell. B) release their secretions onto an epithelial surface. C) release their secretions directly into body fluids. D) contain few vesicles. E) are modified connective-tissue cells.
release their secretions directly into body fluids
19) When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the A) hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm. B) cell membrane becomes depolarized. C) second messenger appears in the cytoplasm. D) cell becomes inactive. E) hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA
second messenger appears in the cytoplasm
81) Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the A) kidneys. B) heart. C) thyroid gland. D) gonads. E) pituitary gland.
thyroid gland
62) Identify the hormone labeled "4." A) thyroid-releasing hormone B) thyroid-stimulating hormone C) thyroxin D) thyrotropin
thyroid stimulating hormone
16) Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative, except A) epinephrine. B) norepinephrine. C) thyroid hormone. D) thyroid-stimulating hormone. E) melatonin.
thyroid-stimulating hormone
65) Identify the hormone labeled "5." A) thyroid-releasing hormone B) thyroid-stimulating hormone C) thyroxin D) thyrotropin E) parathyroid hormone (PTH)
thyroxin (thyroid after released)
72) The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is A) somatotropin. B) thyroxine. C) calcitonin. D) parathyroid hormone. E) glucagon.
thyroxine
84) Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking? A) thyroid glands; calcitonin B) parathyroid glands; calcitonin C) parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone D) thyroid glands; levothyroxine E) parathyroid glands; levothyroxine
parathyroid glands;parathyroid hormone
86) The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) growth hormone. D) parathyroid hormone. E) thyroid hormone.
parathyroid hormone
50) The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the suprarenal cortex is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.
ACTH
63) Identify the hormone labeled "1." A) mineralocorticoid B) cortisol C) dopamine D) corticotropin (ACTH) E) aldosterone
ACTH (corticotropin) (hypothalamus)
98) A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following, except A) the rate of glucose synthesis by the liver. B) the rate of glycogen formation by the liver. C) the level of fatty acids in the blood. D) fatty acid metabolism by muscle cells. E) ACTH levels.
ACTH levels
34) Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of A) ACTH. B) ADH. C) oxytocin. D) TSH. E) LH.
ADH
43) The posterior pituitary gland secretes A) FSH. B) TSH. C) ACTH. D) ADH. E) MSH.
ADH
55) The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is A) TSH. B) FSH. C) MSH. D) STH. E) ADH.
ADH
56) After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one? A) aldosterone B) epinephrine C) renin D) ADH E) cortisol
ADH
51) The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.
FSH
52) The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH
LH
49) The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.
TSH
33) If the median eminence of the hypothalamus is destroyed, the hypothalamus would no longer be able to control the secretion of which of the following hormones? A) TSH B) ACTH C) PRL D) ADH and OXT E) TSH, ACTH, PRL
TSH, ACTH, PRL
22) The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually A) cAMP. B) cGMP. C) adenyl cyclase. D) a G protein. E) calcium ion levels.
a G protein
4) Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at the same time. A) only one B) a few C) fifty D) an unlimited number of
a few
82) The action of thyroid hormone on a target cell involves all these steps except one. Identify the incorrect step. A) binding to a hormone receptor in the plasma membrane B) specific transport into the target cell C) binding to a cytoplasmic receptor protein D) activation of a specific gene E) activation of mitochondria
binding to a hormone receptor in the plasma membrane
99) If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry? A) increase of insulin B) decrease of insulin C) increase of blood glucose D) decrease of blood glucose E) both an increase of insulin and an increase in blood glucose
both increase of insulin and increse in blood glucose
85) Parathyroid hormone does all of the following, except that it doesn't A) stimulate osteoclast activity. B) inhibit osteoblast activity. C) build up bone. D) stimulate the formation and secretion of calcitriol at the kidneys. E) enhance the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys.
build up bone
30) Increased activity of phosphodiesterase in a target cell would decrease its level of A) testosterone. B) estrogen. C) thyroid hormone. D) cAMP. E) progesterone.
cAMP
73) A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is A) parathyroid hormone. B) thyroxine. C) calcitonin. D) glucagon. E) oxytocin.
calcitonin
75) The C cells of the thyroid gland produce A) thyroxine. B) TSH. C) calcitonin. D) PTH. E) triiodothyronine.
calcitonin
32) The primary function of ADH is to A) increase the amount of sodium lost at the kidneys. B) decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys. C) decrease blood pressure. D) increase digestive absorption. E) delay urination.
decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys
97) Damage to cells of the zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex would result in A) the loss of axillary and pubic hair. B) increased volume of urine formation. C) decreased levels of sodium ion in the blood. D) decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose. E) increased water retention
decreased ability to convert amino acids to glucose
5) Hormones known as "catecholamines" are A) lipids. B) peptides. C) steroids. D) derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine. E) derivatives of reproductive glands.
derivates of reproductive glands
11) The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways. A) endocrine B) cardiovascular C) body D) muscular E) hepatic
endocrine
12) The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ. A) endocrine B) cardiovascular C) renal D) muscular E) hepatic
endocrine
79) The control of calcitonin excretion is an example of direct ________ regulation. A) endocrine B) pancreatic C) homeostatic D) hepatic E) vascular
endocrine
35) The hypothalamus controls secretion by the adenohypophysis by A) direct neural stimulation. B) indirect osmotic control. C) secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system. D) altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary. E) gap synaptic junctions.
secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system
48) Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called A) gonadotrophins. B) prostaglandins. C) hepatic hormones. D) somatomedins. E) glucocorticoids.
somatomedins
54) The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is A) ACTH. B) MSH. C) prolactin. D) insulin. E) somatotropin.
somatotropin
78) TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones. A) inhibition B) synthesis C) release D) inhibition and secretion E) synthesis and release
synthesis and release
