AP2 Heart Lecture Exam
Where does the blood pass through? (LV)
Left ventricle through aortic valve into ascending aorta
The heart's electrical conduction network found within the ventricular myocardium is termed the:
Purkinje fibers
Shape
Thickness varies according to fix -Walls of left ventricle thicker than right ventricles
Pericardium
Thin sac enclosing the heart -membrane that surrounds heart -Support during contractions and positions
Interatrial Septum
bw rt and it, contains fossa ovalis from birth
The exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues is a major function of:
capillaries
Immediately following strenuous and vigorous exercise, which of the following is most likely to occur?
capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood
The second heart sound (the 'dup' of 'lub-dup') is caused by the __________.
closure of the semilunar valves
systole
contraction
Coronary Sulcus
encircles heart, atria and ventricles
The lining of the inner walls of the heart's chambers is termed the:
endocardium
The circulatory pathway that carries blood from the digestive tract towards the liver is termed the
hepatic portal circuit
Into which chamber of the heart do the pulmonary veins deliver blood?
left atrium
Freshly oxygenated blood is delivered to the __________ and then it passes into the __________ to be pumped to the entire body.
left atrium; left ventricle
The most muscular chamber of the heart is the __________.
left ventricle
The outermost layer of the heart's serous pericardium is termed the:
parietal pericardium
cardiac cycle
the events associated with blood flow through the heart during one complete heartbeat
If the heart's natural pacemaker fails to fire, then
the node on the floor of the right atrium would act as a secondary pacemaker
tricuspid valve
valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
Where does the blood pass through?
Left atrium into left ventricle through bicuspid (mitral) valve
Left Ventricle
-Apex -Trabeculae carnae and chordae tendinae -Some blood flows into the coronary arteries -Remainder passes into arch of the aorta and descending aorta -Branches of arch of the aorta carry blood throughout the body
Left Atrium
-Base of the heart -Smooth anterior and posterior walls
Right Atrium
-Blood enters the heart through the atria -Posterior wall is smooth -Anterior wall is rough, pectinate muscles extending into auricle
Fibrous Pericardium
-Dense irregular CT -Bag attached to diaphragm -Open end fused to CT of vessels entering and leaving heart -Prevents over stretching -anchor
Fibrous Skeleton
-Fibrous skeleton of the heart- CT -Rings arround valve, fuse with one another -Foundation valves attach and prevents overstretching -attachment site for muscle fibers -insulator
Sulci
-Grooves contain coronary blood vessels and fat -marks chamber boundaries
Epicardium
-Innermost layer -Endothelial over CT -Lines the chambers of the heart
Myocardium
-Mid section -Muscular tissue of the heart -Cardiac muscle tissue -pumping
Anterior Interventricular Sulcus
-RT and It ventricles -Connects to posterior interventricular sulcus
Endocardium
-Smooth outer surface -Connective tissue -lines the inside of the chambers of the heart -Forms surface of the valves
Serous Pericardium
-Thin membrane forming double layer -Outer parietal fused to pericardium -Inner-visceral (epicardium) adheres to heart surface -BW layers is pericardial cavity with pericardial fluid
Right Ventricle
-Trabeculae carneae ridges of cardiac muscle on inside conduction system
Auricle
-anterior surface of atria -increases capacity
Layers of the Heart
1) Endocardium 2)Myocardium 3)Epicardium
What are the 3 veins that it receives its blood from?
1) Superior Vena Cava 2) Inferior Vena Cava 3) Coronary Sinus
Through how many pulmonary veins?
4
How many chambers are there in the heart?
4 chambers 2 superior are atria 2 inferior are ventricles
How does the blood get passed through?
Blood passes from right atrium into right ventricle through tricuspid valve
How does blood pass through?
Blood passes from right ventricle through pulmonary valve into pulmonary trunk dividing right and left pulmonary arteries
How does it connect?
Cups of tricuspid connect to chordae tendinae which connect to papillary muscle
Interventricular Septum
Divides left and right ventricle
Myocardial
Hear attack occurs due to lack of blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle
Where does it receive its blood from?
Lungs
What do the left ventricle do?
Pumps blood throughout body at high pressure
What do the right ventricles do?
Pumps blood short way to lungs at low pressure
In the fetus, blood from the left and right sides of the heart normally mix.
True
Which of the following is a difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?
Unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells can be autorhythmic.
Posterior Interventricular Sulcus
Ventricles on posterior part
The P wave of an electrocardiogram represents __________.
atrial depolarization
Which of the following would lead to a decrease in heart rate?
parasympathetic stimulation
aortic semilunar valve
prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle
diastole
relaxation
posterior interventricular artery
runs to the apex of the heart
The heart's natural pacemaker is termed the
sinoatrial node
The role of the atrioventricular node (AV node) is to __________.
slow down impulses so that the atria can contract to fill the adjacent ventricles with blood
anterior interventricular artery
supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles
right marginal artery
supplies blood to the lateral right side of the myocardium
circumflex artery
supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior walls of the left ventricle
cardiac output
the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
stroke volume
the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle with each heartbeat
Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium?
tunica interna/intima
mitral valve
valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
