APA

Five possible levels of heading in APA style In a title most words are capitalized

1 centered, bold, title case heading begins a new paragraph 2 aligned left, bold, title K setting. Text begins as a New paragraph 3 aligned left, bold italic, Title case heading. Text begins as a new paragraph 4. indented, Boulder, title case heading, ending with a period. Text begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph 5 indented, bold italic, title case heading, ending with a period. Text begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph

Margins

1inch on every side of the page

Other parts of APA style

Ethical standards to follow in planning and conducting research Journal article reporting standards JARS for reporting quantitative qualitative and mixed method research Detailed information on how to use punctuation marks including Collins, dashes, and slashes. Information on how to present complex statistics, including factor analysis, structural equation models, and regression analysis Information on copyright and permission that is relevant when reproducing the contents such as images from the Internet in a paper Specific reference formats for many different types of reference Guidance on publishing your work and sharing it after publication

Capitalization

First word of a senates Proper nouns Trade names brand names Personal names within names of disorders, therapies, Job title and position Title of tests and measures Nouns followed by numbers or letters

Reference list entries Reference list in trees provide information necessary for readers to identify and restrictive the cited work

Four components Author Date Title Source

Conciseness Only say what's needed to be said

Illuminate wordiness and redundancy Do not repeat yourself Very sentence in a paragraph links. I avoid short choppy riding and overlong complex riding. Look for logical places to break up long complex paragraphs

Paper format Allows raiders to pay attention to the ideas in a work rather than manner of the presentation APA style provides rules for the basic set up of the paper including

Page header Top margin of every page of your paper and consistent of a page number and when required a running head. Page header always includes a page number Page numbers should show on all pages title pages page number one A running head is a shortened version of the title of the paper typed in all capital letters. Running heads are required only for manuscripts that are submitted for publication. Running heads are not required for student papers unless the instructor or institution request them. When present, the running head up here's a line to the left in the top margin of every page, across from the right allied page number

Paraphrasing and quotation Incorporate the words and ideas of other researchers in your paper, either paraphrase are quote directly

Paraphrase restates an idea in your own words Direct quotation reproduces someone else's exact words Try to paraphrase more than you directly "because paraphrasing allows you to use your own writing voice and provide appropriate context for information

Biased free language

Parson first and identity first language Write about people with disabilities are person first language and identity first language Identify first language allows people to reclaim what other see is a disability and incorporate it into their personal identity on their own terms

parenthetical citation formate

Personality traits are thought to be "relatively stable across the lifespan "(Redford, 2019, p. 25).

APA style uses author date citation system to give credit

Each work cited in the text as identified by its author and year of publication For each InTEXT citation there is a corresponding reference entry in the reference list

APA spacing double Text block. Quote. Reference list

Entries in table - figure = single spaced, 1 /2 spaced, or double depending on which is easier to read Add extra black line On title page bet title & byline Bet text & embedded table or figure * no black line above or below headings

transitional words

Time links. Then, next, after, while, since Cause effect. Therefore, consequently, as a result Addition links. In addition, moreover, furthermore, similarly Contrast links. But, conversely, nevertheless, however, although

Titles of works and headings within works

Title case, most words are capitalized, to capitalize the following Titles of works appearing in the text Titles of periodicals in reference list Titles of tests or measures Paper titles, headings, sections, and tables and figures titles

Page order Organization that helps readers know where to look to find key information

Title page Abstract (usually not required for students) Text (begins on page 2 of student papers and page 3 of professional papers ) References Footnotes Tables Figures Appendices Start each section on a new page. Exceptions Tables & figures. Embed tables and figures within the text after they are first mentioned, or place each table and then each figure on a separate page after the reference list Put in notes: use the footnote function on your word processing program to insert a footnote at the bottom of each page on which the foot note is called out, or list footnotes together on a separate page after the reference If a section is not needed, omitted from your paper and begin the next section on a new page

Paper elements Essays, research papers, reaction/responses

Title page Paper title Author name Author affiliation, which for students is usually the department of the course and university attended Course number and name Instructor name Assignment due date written out as month date, year or day month year depending on standard format Page number one in the top right corner

Sentence case, most words or lowercase, to capitalize the following

Titles of articles, books, reports, webpages and other works in reference list

Continuity Logical, orderly, and smooth flow of ideas. Rita's well understand your ideas if you have continuity in words, concepts, and themes throughout the paper

To improve continuity check transitions between sentences, paragraphs and ideas. Use punctuation to signal transitions and demonstrate relationships between ideas Use transitional words and phrases to help maintain the flow of ideas, especially when the material is complex or Abstract

Paraphrases

Use a paraphrase or parenthetical or narrative citation format

Lists Understand related set of key points

Use parallel wording for items in a list Use a serial comma between elements in a list of three or more items Use semicolons in less to separate items that are already contain commas For numbered and bulleted lists use the automatic list function. Select the number followed by a period for a numbered list and any bullet character

Pronoun use

Use the pronouns the individuals themselves use.

Precision Riding should be precise, select words carefully and structure of sentences so meaning is unambiguous

Use words and phrases consistently. Do not switch between synonyms because synonyms of subtle differences in meaning Avoid colloquial expressions, contradictions, and jargon. Direct declarative sentences with simple common words are best Refrain from anthropomorphism & Illogical comparisons

Results/Findings

Usually for quantitative studies or findings usually from qualitative studies author summarizes the data and the analysis performed on those data

Number used

Word. Zero - nine Numberals. 10 & up

Paragraph alignment and indentation

Align a text to the left margin. Leave the right margin uneven or ragged Indent the first line of each paragraph of the text 0.5 inch from the left margin using the tab key or paragraph formatting function of your word processing program exceptions are Title page: Center all the elements of the student title page open parentheses except the page number) Section labels: center section labels (abstract or references) Abstract: left align the first line of the abstract (do not indent the first line) Block quotations: indent a whole block quotation 0.5 inch from the left margin Headings: center level one heading. Left align level two and three heading. Indent level four and five heading like regular paragraphs Reference list: automatically apply a hanging indent of 0.5 inch to reference intriguing using the paragraph formatting function of your word processing program Appendices: center appendices labels in titles

Introduction

Author describes an reviews background literature on the topic of the paper and show Wyatt warrants further investigation

method

Author describes in detail how to study was conducted

discussion

Authors evaluate and interpret implications of the results/findings with respect to the original hypotheses

Order and format of the reference list

Begin on a new page. Center the label "references" in bold on the first line of the page Arrange the list as follows Place entries in alphabetical order by author For multiple works by the same author in the same order, place works in chronological order. Place works with no date first. Follow by works with dates in order from earliest to most recent. Impress references are listed last For works with the same author in the same order and the same date, use lower case letters after the year to differentiate the references. What are the works according to which title comes first alphabetically

Text Authors main contribution

Begin with introduction to address the importance of the work, contextualize it within the existing literature, and state the aim of the work Paragraphs containing the main arguments follow Paper ends with discussion/conclusion Headings maybe used to break the text into sections

Spelling

Common technology related terms Prefixes and suffixes without a hyphen

Abbreviations Use sparingly and only when I improve clarity When the full version of the term first appears in the narrative, plays the abbreviation in parentheses after it. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. (ADHD). At

Define abbreviations upon first use that means to present a full version of the term and then the abbreviation. However do not defined some common abbreviations like words listed in the dictionary. AIDS Units of measure. cm. kg. Latin abbreviations. et al. I.e. Statistical abbreviations. M. SD.

Paper length

Depends on the assignment and may be measured by either word count or page count. Instructor determines the desired length for the student paper

Short quotations Less than 40 words

Double quotation marks. Include author, year, and page number (paragraph number or section name of the work does not have page numbers) of the quotation in the same sentence as the quotation

Block quotations 40 words or more

Place the quotation as a freestanding block of text Indent the entire quotation 0.5 inch from left margin Do not use quotation marks For a parentheses caracole citation of a block quotation, use the author, year, and page number in parentheses after the final punctuation mark of the quotation For a narrative citation of a block quotation, include the author in the narrative followed by the year and parentheses. But the page number in parentheses after the final punctuation mark of the new quotation Do not add a period or other end punctuation after the closing parentheses

grammar usage

Publication manual of American psychological Association, seventh edition

Personal characteristics Accurate and specific terminology when describing characteristics and how they impact peoples lives

Publication manual of the American psychological association seventh edition for guidance Aj's Disability Gender Participation in research Racial and ethnic identity Sexual orientation Socio economic status Interiectionism

Narrative format

Redford (2019) stated that personality is thought to be "relatively stable across the lifespan" (p. 25).

Font APA style Use the same font throughout the paper. Exceptions are to always use Sands syriff font within figure images and to use the default font for automaticity inserted footnotes which is usually smaller than the text

Sans serif 11 point Calibri. Ariel. 10 Lucinda Sans Unicode Serif fonts 12 Times New Roman. 11 Georgia. Or Normal 10 point computer modern

Always written as a numerals

Statistical or mathematical functions Percentages, percentiles, and ratios Times and dates Ages Scores and points on a scale Exact sums of money Numerals as numerals

basic elements

Style Paper, format, and organization Academic writing style Grammar and usage Bias free language guidelines Mechanics of style Tables and figures In text citations, paraphrasing, and quotations Reference list format an order

Tables and figures Four main components

Table and figure number Table and figure title Table and body Figure image Table and figure notes