APA References
Artwork in a Museum or on a Museum Website
Artist, A. (Year of release). Title of artwork [medium]. Name of museum, City, State, Country. URL of museum
Edition Other Than the First
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle(# edition). Publisher. DOI (if available)
Edited Book with an Author or Authors
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle(E. Editor, Ed.). Publisher. DOI (if available)
A Translation
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle(T. Translator, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published YEAR) DOI (if available)
Multivolume Work
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle(Vol. #). Publisher. DOI (if available)
Basic Format for Books
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher Name. DOI (if available)
Ted Talk
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Date). Title of talk [Video]. TED. URL
Article or Chapter in an Edited Book
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (pp. pages of chapter). Publisher. DOI (if available)
Basic Form for Journal Articles
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy
Article in Electronic Journal
Baniya, S., & Weech, S. (2019). Data and experience design: Negotiating community-oriented digital research with service-learning. Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement, 6(1), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284316979
Unpublished Manuscript
Barkley, S., Chen, M., & McDonald, P. (2018). The effects of sodium on children's health[Unpublished manuscript]. Department of Biology, University of Cincinnati.
Presentation Without an Online Source
Contributor, A. A., Contributor, B. B., Contributor, C. C., & Contributor, D. D. (Year, Month Day). Title of contribution [Description of contribution]. Title of Symposium/Conference, Location.
Presentation With Online Source
Contributor, A. A., Contributor, B. B., Contributor, C. C., & Contributor, D. D. (Year, Month Day). Title of contribution [Description of contribution]. Title of Symposium/Conference, Location. URL
Individual Presentation in a Larger Symposium/Panel
Contributor, A. A., Contributor, B. B., Contributor, C. C., & Contributor, D. D. (Year, Month Day). Title of contribution. In E. E. Chairperson & F. F. Chairperson (Chairs), Title of larger symposium/panel[Description of symposium/panel] Title of symposium/conference, Location. URL if available
Film or Video
Director, D. D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of motion picture [Film]. Production company.
Film or Video in Another Language
Director, D. D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of motion picture in original language [Translated title] [Film]. Production company.
Edited Book, No Author
Editor, E. E. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher. DOI (if available)
Single Podcast Episode
Executive Producer, E. P. (Executive Producer). (Date of publication). Title of podcast episode (Episode number) [Audio podcast episode]. In Title of podcast. Production company. URL
Podcast
Executive Producer, E. P. (Executive Producer). (Range of publication). Title of podcast [Audio podcast]. Production company. URL
TV Series
Executive Producer, P. P. (Executive Producer). (Date range of release). Title of series [TV series]. Production company(s).
Manuscript in Preparation
Glass, A. (2019). How avocados changed America[Manuscript in preparation]. Department of Sociology, Michigan State University.
Graphic Data (e.g. Interactive Maps, Infographics, and Other Graphic Representations of Data)
HatchMed. (2017). 8 ways to improve patient satisfaction [Infographic]. HatchMed.com. https://www.hatchmed.com/blog/2017/1/30/8-ways-to-improve-patient-satisfaction
Podcast Episode
Host, A. A. (Host). (Year, Month Date). Title of episode (No. if provided) [Audio podcast episode]. In Name of podcast. Publisher. URL
Entry in a Dictionary, Thesaurus, or Encyclopedia with a Group Author
Institution or organization name. (Year). Title of entry. In Title of reference work(edition, page numbers). Publisher name.
Entry in an Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, or Encyclopedia with a Group Author
Institution or organization name. (Year). Title of entry. In Title of reference work. URL
Manuscript Submitted for Publication
Jones, R. (2019). Walt Whitman and the American Dream[Manuscript submitted for publication]. Department of English, University of Mississippi.
YouTube or other Streaming Video
Last Name, F. M. [Username]. (Year, Month Date). Title of video [Video]. Streaming Service. URL
Electronic or Kindle Books
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of book. Publisher. URL Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of book [eBook edition]. Publisher. URL Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of book (N. Narrator, Narr.) [Audiobook]. Publisher. URL (if applicable)
Dissertation/Thesis from a Database
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of dissertation or thesis(Publication No.) [Doctoral dissertation or master's thesis, Name of Institution Awarding Degree]. Database Name.
Dissertation Abstract
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of dissertation. Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol., Page.
Dissertation or Master's Thesis, Published
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of dissertation/thesis(Publication No.) [Doctoral dissertation/Master's thesis, Name of Institution Awarding the Degree]. Database or Archive Name.
Dissertation or Master's Thesis, Unpublished
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of dissertation/thesis[Unpublished doctoral dissertation/master's thesis]. Name of Institution Awarding the Degree.
Entry in an Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, or Encyclopedia with an Individual Author
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of entry. In F. M. Lastname (ed.), Title of reference work (edition). Publisher. URL or DOI
Entry in a Dictionary, Thesaurus, or Encyclopedia with an Individual Author
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of entry. In F. M. Lastname (ed.), Title of reference work (edition, page numbers). Publisher.
Online News Article
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Publication. URL
Webpage or Piece of Online Content
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL Group name. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL if the author and site name are the same, omit the site name from the citation. If the page's author is not listed, start with the title instead.
Blog Post
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of post. Publisher. URL
Online Lecture Notes and Presentation Slides
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of presentation[Lecture notes, PowerPoint slides, etc]. Publisher. URL
Data Sets
Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group (Year). Title of dataset(Version No.) [Data set]. Publisher. DOI or URL
Tweet
Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [@username]. (Year, Month Date). Content of the post up to the first 20 words[Tweet]. Site Name. URL
Instagram Photo or Video
Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [@username]. (Year, Month Date). Content of the post up to the first 20 words[Type of post]. Site Name. URL
Twitter Profile
Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [@username]. (n.d.). Tweets [Twitter profile]. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL
Online Forum or Discussion Posting
Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [username]. (Year, Month Date). Title of post[Online forum post]. Publisher. URL
Facebook Post
Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group. (Year, Month Date). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Type of post]. Site Name. URL
Facebook Page
Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group. (n.d.). Home[Facebook page]. Site name. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL
Conference Proceedings
Lastname, F. M., & Lastname, F. M. (Eds.). (Year). Title of Proceedings. Publisher. URL (if applicable)
Article from an Online Periodical with DOI Assigned
Lastname, F. M., & Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Vol.(Issue), page numbers. DOI
Report by Individual Authors at Government Agency or Other Organization
Lastname, F. M., & Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of report. Organization Name. URL.
Work Discussed in a Secondary Source
Nail, T. (2017). What is an assemblage? SubStance, 46(1), 21-37. http://sub.uwpress.org/lookup/doi/10.3368/ss.46.1.21 Note: Provide the secondary source in the references list; in the text, name the original work, and give a citation for the secondary source.
Federal or State Statute
Name of Act, Public Law No. (Year). URL.
Report by a Government Agency or Other Organization
Organization Name. (Year). Title of report. URL.
Article from an Online Periodical with no DOI Assigned
Perreault, L. (2019). Obesity in adults: Role of physical activity and exercise. UpToDate. Retrieved January 12, 2020, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/obesity-in-adults-role-of-physical-activity-and-exercise
YouTube Video
Person or group who uploaded video. (Date of publication). Title of video [Video]. Website host. URL
Article in a Magazine
Peterzell, J. (1990, April). Better late than never. Time, 135(17), 20-21.
Photograph (not associated with a museum)
Photographer, P. (Year of publication). Title of photograph [Photograph]. Source. URL
Music Album
Recording artist. (Year of release). Title of album[Album]. Record label.
Single Song or Track
Recording artist. (Year of release). Title of song [Song]. On Title of album [Album]. Record label.
Qualitative Data and Online Interviews
Schulman, M. (2019, December 8). Peter Dinklage is still punk rock. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-new-yorker-interview/peter-dinklage-is-still-punk-rock
Article in a Newspaper
Schultz, S. (2005, December). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, 1A, 2A.
Article in Print Journal
Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5-13.
Wikipedia Article
Title of article. (Year, Month Date). In Wikipedia. URL of archived version of page
(E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001).
Personal Communication
(E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2019).
TV Series Episode
Writer, W. W. (Writer), & Director, D. D. (Director). (Original air date). Title of episode (Season number, Episode number) [Tv series episode]. In P. Executive Producer (Executive Producer), Series title. Production company(s).
