APA Style Citations Quiz

Which citation is correct?

(e.g., Biggs, 1979; Crawford et al., 1994; Meyer et al., 1990; Prosser & Miller, 1989; Trigwell & Sleet, 1990). *Order citations of two or more works within the same parentheses alphabetically. Separate citations with semicolons.

You read an article by Brookfield (2007). In it, Brookfield discusses another study conducted by Sternberg (2005). You have not read the Sternberg (2005) study, but want to include the information in your paper. How would you cite this information?

Sternberg (as cited in Brookfield, 2007) reported... *In this case, the original study (Sternberg, 2005) is being discussed in a subsequent article (Brookfield, 2007). For this example, Sternberg is the primary source and Brookfield is the secondary source. You would name the primary source in the text, but the in-text citations and references will credit only the secondary source.

If the document you are reading includes research from another source, and you include this information in your paper, how would you cite the source?

Use the phrase "as cited in" followed by the secondary source citation. *In such a case, you would indicate that you are referring to the original information based on your reading of a secondary source. You should note this in the body of the text by including a citation with the original source followed by the phrase "as cited in" and the secondary source (the one you obtained and read). It is important to remember that APA says to "use secondary souces sparingly", meaning scholars should make efforts to obtain and read original sources whenever possible.

According to the APA, when is it acceptable to use a secondary source (check all that are correct):

-When the original work is out of print When the primary source is unavailable through usual sources -When the primary source is not available in a language the writer understands *According to the APA, you should use secondary sources sparingly, for instance, when the original work is out of print, unavailable through usual sources, or not available in a language the scholar understands. Whenever possible, scholars should obtain and use the original source.

Which choice demonstrates the correct in-text format for the following source: McManus, I. C., Chamberlain, R., Loo, P., Riley, H., Rankin, Q., & Brunswick, N. (2010). Art students who cannot draw: Exploring the relations between drawing ability, visual memory, accuracy of copying, and dyslexia. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 4(1), 18-30.

According to McManus et al. (2010)... *According to APA style, for references with three or more authors, include the name of the first author followed by the term 'et al.' and the year of publication. Et al. is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase "et alia" meaning "and others." Notice the period goes only after the 'al', as that is an abbreviation.

For all paraphrased and summarized content, the citation must include:

Author(s)' last name(s) and the year of publication *When citing a paraphrase or summary of information that has come from a source, the writer must include the author(s) and year of publication within the body of the text.

Select the example below that best illustrates the term "citation".

Research has recently changed to incorporate the issue o f how body shape satisfaction can affect self-esteem (Abell & Richards, 1996).

Which choice demonstrates the correct in-text format for the following source: Martin, C. L., Ruble, D. N., & Sky, J. (2002). Cognitive theories of early gender development. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 903-933.

...gender development (Martin et al., 2002).

Which choice demonstrates the correct in-text format for the following source: Hyde, J. S., Lindberg, S. M., Linn, M. C., Ellis, A. B., & Williams, C. C. (2008). Gender similarities characterize math performance. Science, 321, 494-495.

...gender similarities (Hyde et al., 2008). *According to APA style, for references with three or more authors, include the name of the first author followed by the term 'et al.' and the year of publication. Et al. is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase "et alia" meaning "and others." Notice the period goes only after the 'al', as that is an abbreviation.

Which choice demonstrates the correct in-text format for the following source: Morton, T. A., Haslam, S. A., Postmes, T., & Ryan, M. K. (2006). We value what values us: The appeal of identity-affirming science. Political Psychology, 27, 823-838.

...identity-affirming science (Morton et al., 2006). *According to APA style, for references with three or more authors, only include the first author followed by the term "et al." and the year of publication. Notice the period only goes after the 'al', as that is an abbreviation.

Select the item that demonstrates the correct in-text format for the following source: Eagly, A. H. (2012). Science, feminism, and the psychology of investigating gender. In R. W. Proctor & E. J. Capaldi (Eds.), Psychology of science: Implicit and explicit reasoning (pp. 267 288). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

...investigating gender (Eagly, 2012). *In this case, the reference is a chapter within an edited book. You would cite the author of the chapter, not the editors of the book.

Select the item that demonstrates the correct in-text format for the following source: Bell, R. Q. (1968). A reinterpretation of the direction of effects in studies of socialization. Psychological Review, 75, 81-95.

...of children (Bell, 1968). *Note that the sentence punctuation comes after the citation and the author's initials are not included.

Select the item that demonstrates the correct in-text format for the following source: Lytton, H., & Romney, D. M. (1991). Parents differential socialization of boys and girls: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 267-296.

...socialization of boys and girls (Lytton & Romney, 1991). *For references with two authors, include both authors separated by an ampersand (&), followed by the year of publication. The author's initials should not be included in the citation and the sentence punctuation comes after the citation.

Which choice demonstrates the correct in-text format for the following source: Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R., & Updegraff, J. A. (2000). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychological Review, 107, 411-429.

According to APA style, for references with three or more authors, include the name of the first author followed by the term 'et al.' and the year of publication. Et al. is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase "et alia" meaning "and others." Notice the period only goes after the 'al', as that is an abbreviation.

Identify the correct in-text citation for this source: Keaveney, S. (2004). When MTV Goes CEO. In D. Brundage & M. Lahey (Eds.), Acting on words (pp. 99-103). Toronto, Canada: Pearson.

According to Keaveney (2004), "Before mid-millennium, Gen Xers will be the CEOs of the future" (p. 103). *In this case, the writer is quoting from a chapter within an edited book. The citation should include the author of the chapter (not the editors of the book), the year of publication, and the page number where the quote appears in the source. Note that the year of publication always follows the author, but the page number of the quote comes at the end of the quotation.

Which choice demonstrates the correct in-text format for the following source: McHale, S. M., Crouter, A. C., & Whiteman, S. D. (2003). The family contexts of gender development in childhood and adolescence. Social Development, 12, 125-148.

According to McHale et al. (2003)... *According to APA style, for references with three or more authors, include the name of the first author followed by the term 'et al.' and the year of publication. Within the body of the text, use the word "and" rather than an ampersand (&).

For all quoted material, the citation must include:

Author(s)' last name(s), yearof publication, and page or paragraph number *When citing a quotation, the writer must include the author(s), year of publication, and page number where the information can be found in the original source (e.g., Jones, 2007, p. 6).

A writer included the following sentence in her research paper: Furthermore, problems that require critical thinking in the real world tend not to correspond with those of the majority of programs that teach critical thinking (Sternberg, as cited in Brookfield, 2007). Which citation is included in her reference section?

Brookfield (2007) *Although you must name the original source within the body of the text, you should only give the secondary source in the reference list. The reference list should only contain sources which the writer obtained and read.

Select the item that demonstrates the correct in-text format for the following source: Hines, M., & Green, R. J. (1991). Human hormonal and neural correlates of sex-typed behaviors. In A. Tasman & S. M. Goldfinger (Eds.), American psychiatric press review of psychiatry (Vol. 10, pp. 536 555). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.

Hines and Green (1991) argued... *In this case, the reference is a chapter within an edited book. You would cite the author of the chapter, not the editors of the book. Note that within the body of the text, you should use the word "and", not an ampersand (&).