APBio Ch. 4

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely a) production primarily cytoplasmic proteins b) enlarging its vacuole c) digesting large food particles d) production primarily proteins for secretion

a

Beginning within the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is _____. a) transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA b) removal of introns from RNA and the stitching together of exons c) translation of an RNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids d) linking of nucleotides to form a polypeptide

a

Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. In animal cells, which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes? a) lysosome b) chloroplast c) central vacuole d) peroxisome

a

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized? a) Ribosomes b) Nucleus c) Peroxisome d) Capsule

a

Select the correct statement describing cellular structure or function. a) Plant and animal cells both carry out cellular respiration, producing ATP. b) Only plant cells contain chloroplasts, and only animal cells contain mitochondria. c) Mitochondria and chloroplasts are part of the endomembrane system of the eukaryotic cell.

a

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell. a) Plasma Membrane b) Cell Wall c) Ribosome d) Pili

a

The chemical reactions involved in respiration are virtually identical between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In light of the endosymbiont theory for the evolutionary origin of mitochondria, where is most ATP synthesis likely to occur in prokaryotic cells? a) on the plasma membrane b) on the inner mitochondrial membrane c) in the cytoplasm d) on the inner nuclear envelope

a

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved a) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. b) an endosymbiotic fungal cell that evolved into the nucleus. c) anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts. d) acquisition of an endomembrane system, and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi.

a

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule? a) Protection b) Protein Synthesis c) Adhesion d) DNA storage

a

Which of the following are common traits of chloroplasts and mitochondria? a) Both have their own DNA. b) Both are surrounded by a single membrane. c) Both are found in plant and animal cells. d) Both reproduce by meiosis.

a

Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? a) whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes b) the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall c) whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism d) whether or not the cell contains DNA

a

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? a) vacuole b) lysosome c) peroxisome d) mitochondrion

a

_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells. a) Gap (communicating) junctions b) Keratin fibers c) Desmosomes d) Tight junctions

a

Identify the correct statement about differences between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER). a) Rough ER consists of a network of membranous tubules and sacs called cisternae, whereas smooth ER is less complex. b) The outer surface of smooth ER lacks ribosomes, whereas the outer surface of rough ER has ribosomes. c) Smooth ER is part of the endomembrane system of the eukaryotic cell, and rough ER is not.

b

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through a) plasmodesmata. b) gap junctions. c) desmosomes. d) tight junctions.

b

Mitochondria are found in _____. a) all cells b) plant and animal cells c) animal cells only d) plant cells only

b

The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together. a) the cytoskeleton b) desmosomes c) tight junctions d) plasmodesmata

b

Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen? a) vacuole b) peroxisome c) lysosome d) mitochondrion

b

Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes? a) vacuole b) lysosome c) mitochondrion d) golgi apparatus

b

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? a) lysosomes b) rough ER c) golgi vesicles d) plasmodesmata

b

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from a) any multicellular organism, such as a plant or an animal. b) an animal, but not a plant. c) nearly any eukaryotic organism. d) any kind of organism.

c

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells? a) rough ER b) Golgi apparatus c) smooth ER d) nuclear envelope

c

What do the cell walls of plants and the extracellular matrix of animal cells have in common? a) Their proteins are made by free cytoplasmic ribosomes. b) They limit the passage of small molecules. c) They have functional connections with the cytoskeleton inside the cell. d) They form rigid structures that provide structural support for cells but limit their expansion.

c

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell? a) Capsule b) Pili c) Cell Wall d) Flagella

c

Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function? a) lysosome ... movement b) ribosome ... manufacture of lipids c) central vacuole ... storage d) mitochondrion ... photosynthesis

c

Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells? a) the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes b) limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases c) the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs d) rigid cell walls that limit cell size expansion

c

Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials? a) keratin fibers b) plasmodesmata c) tight junctions d) gap (communicating) junctions

c

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? a) lysosome b) ribosome c) smooth ER d) mitochondrion

c

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except a) a plasma membrane. b) DNA. c) a cell wall. d) an endoplasmic reticulum.

d

In a plant cell, DNA may be found a) in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes. b) only in the nucleus and chloroplasts. c) only in the nucleus. d) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.

d

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? a) cellulose b) lipids c) glycogen d) proteins

d

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells? a) tight junctions b) extracellular matrix c) desmosomes d) gap junctions

d

The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly describes this polarity? a) Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. b) Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side. c) Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side of the Golgi to the other. d) All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function.

d

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found? a) Ribosomes b) Nucleus c) Peroxisome d) Nucleoid Region

d

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted? a) vacuole b) mitochondrion c) lysosome d) golgi apparatus

d

Which one of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct? a) Most of the phospholipids of the endomembrane system are synthesized in the mitochondria. b) The endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane. c) Mitochondria function in the modification and sorting of lipids and proteins. d) Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are likely to be found in closed spaces bounded by membranes of the endomembrane system.

d

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? a) peroxisome b) lysosome c) golgi apparatus d) mitochondrion

d

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion? a) Plasmodesma b) Ribosome c) Chloroplast d) lysosome

d

Which statement correctly describes the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell? a) The nuclear envelope is a single membrane, consisting of a phospholipid bilayer. b) The outer layer of the nuclear envelope is coated with laminin. c) All of the proteins of the cell are synthesized on ribosomes bound on the nuclear envelope. d) The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

d

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. a) Ribosomes b) Cell Walls c) Mitochondria d) Fimbriae

d