apes B final

Which of the following are considered macronutrients?

a. fats b. protein

Some toxic compounds are ingested and retained in the tissues. These pollutants pose special risks to humans and other organisms high on the food chain because of which process?

c. Biomagnification

Which of the following case studies are biological hazards?

c. SARS and Ebola

Methane released from meat production practices is a connection between what other major environmental problem?

c. air pollution

Creates oxygen-demanding waste in waterway systems from manure run-off.

c. animal feed lots

A type of organic fertilizer produced when microorganisms in soil break down organic matter such as leaves and food waste in the presence of oxygen is known as

c. compost

Humans alter the carbon cycle LEAST by

c. exhaling

The chief ingredient of most solar cells is

d. silicon

The pesticide _ was associated with the decline of the Brown Pelican

The pesticide DDT Correct. was associated with the decline of the Brown Pelican .

_____ is a widely used chemical building block in certain plastics used in a variety of products including water bottles, baby bottles, food storage containers, and dental fillings that acts as an estrogen mimic that may cause adverse effects in humans.

a. Bisphenol-A (BPA)

Which of the following is/are federal legislation passed to protect the population against pesticides?

a. FIFRA c. Food Quality Protection Act

Which case study was spearheaded by a group of concerned parents who fought to be relocated from a toxic dump site and therefore helped to create the Superfund Act?

a. Love Canal, New York

A town is near a nuclear waste dump site, and many of the families have, after getting chromosome tests, found a huge increase in the frequency of mutations and breakages in their DNA. This hazard is considered

a. a mutagen

the benefits of burning anthracite versus other soft brown coal sources such as lignite include

a. anthracite has a lower sulfur content

CFCs

a. are odorless and nontoxic b. the chlorine in them reacts with ozone c. can last in the stratosphere for decades d. are used as coolants

Non-renewable energy source(s) which are actually using ancient energy from the sun.

a. coal b. petroleum c. natural gas

Petroleum can be refined using different boiling points into petrochemical products including all of the following

a. cotton c. charcoal e. ceramics

Cons of hydraulic fracturing include

a. excessive land use b. health risks from chemical toxins c. excessive use of water d. air pollution e. water pollution f. excessive noise

Chronic lack of iodine can cause many physical effects including the swelling of the thyroid gland known as

a. goiter

This type of erosion occurs when rivulets of fast-flowing water join together to cut wide and deep ditches often concentrated on steep slopes where vegetation has been eliminated.

a. gully erosion

Which of the following is not associated with the green revolutions?

a. increase in crop rotation between harvesting

Acid rain

a. leads to an increase in asthma: b. affects soil chemistry and the ability of plant roots to uptake necessary nutrients c. can be buffered by limestone (CaCO3) in soils and lakes d. is caused by SOx from coal-burning power plants

Which of the following are sedimentary rocks?

a. llignite b. limestone c. dolomite e. shale

the fossil fuels that are often harvested together are

a. natural gas d. petroleum

Photochemical smog is produced by the reaction of

a. nitrogen oxides b. hydrocarbons (or VOCs) d. sunlight

Cells that convert solar energy directly into electricity are called

a. photovoltaic cells

Planting of a plot with several different genetic varieties of the same crop.

a. polyvarietal cultivation

The US Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 requires mining companies to

a. restore most surface-mined land by grading and replanting it

Oil sand, sometimes called tar sand,

a. results in the smallest amounts of pollutants

Which of the following are metamorphic rocks?

a. slate c. anthracite e. marble g. ghost

Windows designed to capture solar energy in the United States fac

a. south

Acid deposition

a. stunts plant growth and leaves them more susceptible to disease b. kills many species of fish by precipitating aluminum which causes mucus build-up in gills c. increases the mobility of toxic metals in ecosystems d. damages statues, buildings, and car finishes

Once air pollutants have entered the atmosphere, they may be

a. transported on air currents and winds : b. removed with precipitation c. transformed through chemical reactions d. trapped by topography and inversions

Which of the following is not a solution to stopping the worldwide spread of infectious diseases?

a. use of more antibiotics

What percentage of the commercial energy used in the United States is wasted unnecessarily?

b. 43

What percentage of the commercial energy used in the United States is wasted?

b. 84

Historical nuclear accidents resulting in radioactive damages include

b. Fukushima c. Three Mile Island d. Chernobyl

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) include

b. Nigeria e. Saudi Arabia g. Algeria h. Iran i. iraq

Which of the following statements best describes the concept of phytoremediation?

b. The use of plants to absorb and accumulate toxic materials from the soil

Radon-222 is

b. a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas which can cause lung cance

A form of water pollution coming from water carrying toxins out of mines and mine wastes is known as

b. acid mine drainage

The one measure that can tell the most about the overall quality of a surface water source is

b. dissolved oxygen concentratio

Which of the following is a cultural hazard?

b. driving a car

Characteristics associated with advantages of aquaculture would include which of the following?

b. high yield in a small volume of water c. low use of fossil fuel resources

The polar vortex

b. holds air particles in frigid air at the poles during the winter months; chemical reactions do not begin until light and warmth return in the summer

Natural gas is the preferred fossil fuel to use for heating because

b. it is the cleanest burning

The atmospheric layer in which we would fine the ozone layer.

b. stratosphere

Stratospheric ozone

c. filters out harmful UV radiation

Which of the following are igneous rocks?

c. granite d. lava rock

An ecological control to pests that uses a mix of cultivation, biological, and chemical practices.

c. integrated pest management

Which of the following concerning the smelting of ore is correct?

c. it releases large amounts of sulfur dioxide and suspended particles

Deficiencies in protein, calories, and other key nutrients is known as

c. malnutrition

Methane, butane, propane, and ethane are examples of

c. natural gas

Development of renewable energy resources would

c. reduce the dependence on foreign oil

One of the most commonly mined nonmetals used to make glass, bricks, and concrete is

c. sand

The type of mineral extraction that is least likely to disturb land area on the surface

c. subsurface mining

The San Andreas fault in California is the result of which type of plate boundary?

c. transform fault

Photochemical smog is characteristic of urban areas with many vehicles and a climate that is

c. warm, dry, and sunny

Which of the following negative environmental impacts is not associated with burning coal?

c. waste products must be stored safely for 10,000 years

The world's highest rate of skin cancer (associated with the thinning ozone layer) is in

d. Australia

All of the following are likely to be big markets for solar cells except

d. Finland

______ is the science that examines the effects of harmful chemicals on humans, wildlife, and ecosystems.

d. Toxicology

Growing crops and trees together on the same plot.

d. alley cropping

Which of the following is not true of particulate pollution?

d. are shown to have increased with perennial polyculture farming practices

These people are most likely at risk than others.

d. children

The new interdisciplinary field of ______ is devoted to tracking down the connections between wildlife and humans, and looks for ways to slow or prevent the spread diseases such as avian flu.

d. ecological or conservation medicine

Which of the following is NOT a theorized consequence of global warming?

d. increase in skin cancer from UV radiation

Growing a carbohydrate-rich grain that uses soil nitrogen on the same plot as a nitrogen-fixing plant like a legume.

d. intercropping

Renewable energy sources include all of the following except

d. natural gas

All of the following are characteristic of solar cells except

d. primarily metal composition

Net energy is

d. the total energy available minus the energy needed to find, extract, process, and transport the energy

The atmospheric layer in which you would find photochemical smog.

d. troposphere

Destroys estuaries to provide space needed for seafood production.

e. aquaculture

A growing trend in urban areas is building eco-industrial parks on abandoned industrial sites. These sites are known as

e. brownfields

A chemical is considered a teratogen if it

e. causes birth defects

The Greenhouse effect

e. is the warming of the Earth's lower troposphere and surface sue to certain gases absorbing infrared radiation and releasing longer-wavelength heat

Advantages of coal as an energy source include all of the following except

e. low land use and disturbance of watersheds

Bioaccumulated in fish from gold mining run-off, industrial effluent, and coal burning; neurotoxin.

e. mercury

Which chemical is known for causing what is known as "Mad Hatter's Disease" and "Minamata Disease?"

e. mercury

A problem of too much in the troposphere and not enough in the stratosphere.

e. ozone

A form of high-input agriculture that involves growing cash crops; used primarily in tropical developing countries.

e. plantation agriculture

Which of the following is responsible for the greatest number of deaths per year worldwide?

e. pneumonia and flu

The factor that indicates the greatest cause of malnutrition and hunger is

e. poverty

Global ocean currents could be altered by increased ocean temperatures because

e. the inundation of the North Atlantic with freshwater could alter the Gulf current

All of the following devices waste large amounts of energy except

e. wind turbines

Hydraulic fracturing is also known as _

fracking

Conventional nuclear energy

is created through a fission chain reaction

Bright orange hair and a bloated abdomen are signs of _

kwashiorkor

A rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral that it can be mined for economic value is a(n) _

ore

The weathering of rocks from wind, water, and thermal expansion is known as _ weathering

physical

Marasmus results from chronic _

undernutrition