APES Chapter 14

About ________ of electrical power in the United States comes from hydroelectric dams.

11%

With 65,000 dams in the United States, only ________ of rivers are still free-flowing.

2%

Using solar energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen

A and B (A) is part of the chemical reaction of photosynthesis. B) uses more energy than the hydrogen gas will yield. )

Fermenting sugary or starchy products by microorganisms anaerobically (without air) will yield mainly

Alcohol

Which of the following statements is/are NOT TRUE?

Alcohol is more polluting than gasoline to burn.

6) Passive solar heating includes such features as A) large south-facing windows to let sunlight into a building. B) heavy drapes to close at night in order to trap the heat inside the building. C) interior brick or stone walls to store and release heat. D) awnings or landscaping which shade the windows from the sun in summer. E) all of the above

All of the above

Difficulties in the production of geothermal power include A) finding hot water aquifers. B) finding hot rock at suitable depths. C) finding a "hot spot" that will maintain its temperature. D) pollution caused by exploiting hot ground water. E) all of the above

All of the above

Growing crops for alcohol production may result in A) increased soil erosion. B) increased desertification. C) increased pollution by fertilization and pesticides. D) undercutting food production. E) all of the above

All of the above

Photovoltaic cells A) are used to convert solar energy to electricity. B) are used in satellites. C) are a more expensive source of electricity than the power grid. D) A and B E) all of the above

All of the above

Solar energy can be directly used for A) hot water heating. B) space heating. C) space and hot water heating. D) producing electrical power. E) all of the above

All of the above

This/These is/are methods of utilizing biomass energy: A) burning wood in a stove B) incineration of municipal waste C) harvesting methane from sewage sludge D) all of the above E) A and B only

All of the above

Passive solar home construction is not used widely because A) there is little government support for such projects. B) energy prices are relatively low in the 1990s. C) many homeowners and builders are not familiar with the benefits of these designs. D) in the past, the oil companies have claimed that solar energy is impractical. E) all of the above

All of the above (E)

Which of the following does NOT apply to solar heating?

Backup conventional heating systems are always necessary.

Which of the following statements is/are NOT TRUE?

Because backup heating systems are required and solar heating may only lessen the need for heating oil a few percent, they won't help us adapt to diminishing oil supplies.

Indirect sources of solar energy do NOT include

C) nuclear fission.

Conventional cars can be run on A) methane. B) gasoline. C) hydrogen gas. D) all of the above E) A and B only

D

Which of the following statements about photovoltaic cells are/is true? A) They convert light energy directly to electrical power. B) They are a "future" technology...that is, they are not used today because the technological problems are still being worked out. C) They are made of a material that is very plentiful on the Earth. D) A and C only E) A, B, and C are true.

D

If suitable investments are made in solar power, it seems likely that A) electricity can be produced from solar power more cheaply than from nuclear power. B) electricity can be produced from solar power with much less environmental damage than from coal. C) economical production of solar power can be developed much sooner than fusion power. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D- All of the above

The amount of power that can be generated by hydroelectric plants depends on A) the height of water behind the dam. B) the volume of water that flows through the dam. C) the temperature of water that flows through the dam. D) all of the above E) A and B only

E

Flat plate solar collectors are used for A) heating. B) generating electricity. C) space heating. D) all of the above E) A and C only

E (A and C only)

Which of the following is NOT a drawback to using hydroelectric power? A) Reservoirs created by dams submerge previously dry areas. B) Fish migration is impeded. C) The reservoir created by the dam is usually warmer water. D) Water flow down stream is not constant. E) All of the above are drawbacks

E) All of the above are drawbacks

Which is NOT a renewable source of energy from the perspective of human life spans?

Fossil fuel

Which of the following statements is NOT CORRECT? Advantages of hydropower include:

Its development requires few environmental tradeoffs.

Digesting manure anaerobically (without air) will yield mainly

Methanol.

Light radiation strikes a sandwich of two layers of silicon and dislodges electrons from one layer which are then picked up by the other layer causing production of an

Photovoltaic cells

Many sun tracking mirrors are used to focus sunlight on a central boiler to generate steam to drive turbogenerators. This best describes

Power towers

Which of the following statements is TRUE

The initial reaction of photosynthesis involves the splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using wind farms as an energy source?

Wind is not constant

A common method for using solar energy for space or hot water heating requires

a black surface with a "window" over it.

Flat-plate collectors are used to

absorb sunlight and heat water.

In the near term, the problem that solar power plants can only produce power during the day

can be cost effectively met by using conventional power plants to provide backup

Which of the following offers the most potential in terms of reducing our energy problems?

conservation

Energy may be obtained from the Earth's interior by

drilling into naturally hot groundwater aquifers and allowing escaping steam to drive generators.

Which of the following is NOT a direct method for producing electricity via solar energy?

electrolysis of water

Which of the following statements is/are NOT TRUE? Hydrogen gas

is abundant and inexpensive to obtain.

Harnessing tidal power would involve

letting in-flowing and/or out-flowing tide flow through turbines in a dam

In the not too distant future (10 - 20 years) you may be producing some of the electrical power for your own home by means of ________ on your roof or in your yard.

photovoltaic cells

A passive solar heating system would NOT have

pumps or blowers to circulate heated air or water.

Hydrogen molecules and oxygen molecules can be dissociated very simply by

running an electric current through water.

Falling water is considered an indirect form of solar energy because

solar energy causes evaporation of water and thus regulates the water cycle.

In view of achieving the ultimate objective of sustainable energy supply with minimum environmental impact, which of the following areas is most promising and should be given priority for research and development funding?

solar production of hydrogen

Biogas is derived from

the anaerobic digestion of sewage.

Currently, photovoltaic cells are NOT used widely to generate large amounts of electricity because

the cost to generate large amounts of electricity is too high using photovoltaic cells.

Tidal power plants can only work in areas where

the difference between high tide and low tide is enough to drive turbines

Alcohol is produced by

the fermentation of sugars.

Hydrogen gas is often spoken of as the "fuel of the future." As a solution to the energy crises, the problem(s) with this idea is/are that

there is essentially no free hydrogen gas on earth; it must all be produced using a primary energy source

Passive solar heating systems are considered more advantageous than active systems because

they are less costly to install and maintain

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC)

uses the natural ocean temperature differences to produce power.

Most of the solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface is in the form of

visible light.

Electrical power generated by solar energy

will reduce the need for coal and nuclear power