APES CHAPTER 5

Which of the following would result in the highest rate of evolution?

A population with high genetic variation

Which of the following are processes in which evolution occurs? I. Artificial selection II. Natural selection III. Genetic Drift

All I. Artificial selection II. Natural selection III. Genetic Drift

Which of the following is used to determine how closely two species are related? I. Body shape II. Behavior III. Genetic similarity

All I. Body shape II. Behavior III. Genetic similarity

A population of rabbits with typical variations of traits lives in a meadow with a depression that runs through the middle. Over time, the depression fills in with water and becomes a river, separating the one population into two over a period of several years. This is an example of:

Allopatric speciation

Which of the following would have the least effect on how successful a species is at adapting to a new environment? Population size Generation time Amount of parental care Genetic variation Rate of environmental change

Amount of parental care

When an organism has a trait that improves that individual's fitness for an environment, it is known as:

An adaptation

Which process can be controlled most directly by humans?

Artificial Selection

Which of the following processes of evolution is not random?

Artificial selection

When a population suddenly reduces in size either from habitat loss, natural disaster or other changes in the environment, its genetic variation is affected. When this occurs, this is known as:

Bottleneck effect

Which of the following is the best example of artificial selection?

Breeding of horses for speed

Which two scientists are credited with developing the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

What is the most likely explanation for the changes in distribution of Red and Loblolly pines as indicated in the maps shown?

Climate change, increasing temperature

Community 1 has: A:25% B:25% C:25% D:25% Community2 has: A:70% B:10% C:10% D:10% Which of the following is the best description of the two communities shown? Community 1 has a higher evenness but lower richness than Community 2 Community 1 has a higher evenness and higher richness than Community 2 Community 1 has a higher evenness and equal richness to Community 2 Community 2 has a higher evenness and higher richness than Community 1 Community 2 has a higher evenness but lower richness than Community 1

Community 1 has a higher evenness and equal richness to Community 2

The table lists the number of individuals of each species found within four field communities. Which of the communities listed is most diverse overall?

Community 3

The diagram represents a layer of soil with fossils located in the various layers of sediments. Which layer would contain the oldest fossils?

E, the bottom layer

What cellular processes can create genetic diversity? I. Mutation II. Recombination III. Respiration

I and II I. Mutation II. Recombination

What factors are used to determine what constitutes a species? I. Physically distinct from other groups of organisms II. Can interbreed with others from the same group III. Shares the same habitat as other groups of organisms

I and II Physically distinct from other groups of organisms Can interbreed with others from the same group

Which of the following are measurements used to measure diversity within an ecosystem? I. Species wealth II. Species richness III. Species evenness

II and III Species richness Species evenness

5-2. In the diagram, which pair of organisms shares the closest evolutionary relationship?

Lizard and chipmunk

Which of the following is not considered to be contributing to the current increase in extinction rates?

Natural Selection

Which type of species would be most vulnerable to environmental changes?

Niche specialists

5-2. Based on the diagram, which structure would be considered the most primitive?

Notochord

When part of one chromosome breaks off and reattaches to another chromosome, this is known as:

Recombination

Which of the following would not be considered when determining the fundamental niche of a species?

Reproductive rate

Which of the following measures of biodiversity takes into account the number of species present and the relative abundance of the species present? Shannon's Index Species Richness Species Evenness Biodiversity Index Hardy-Weinberg Index

Shannon's Index

Which of the following pairs would increase the rate of evolution within a species?

Slow environmental change and high genetic variation

Which of the following is not an example of geographic isolation?

Sympatric speciation

What is most significant when determining the diversity of an ecosystem?

The number of species present