apes

Which of the following regions of the ocean is LEAST likely to contain photosynthetic organisms? Responses

Abyssal zone

The largest area of old-growth forest in the United States is located in

Alaska

Which environment is characterized by the highest diversity of tree species?

B

Which letter correctly identifies a process of the hydrologic cycle in which the phase of water is changed from a liquid to a gas? Responses

B

A field is abandoned, and an invasive plant that can live in nutrient-poor soil moves into the field. If the land is later cleared of this invasive species and it is discovered that the soil has an abundance of nitrogen compounds, what conclusion can best be made?

Bacteria in soil and in root nodules converted free nitrogen into nitrogen compounds.

Which of the following world regions contain the greatest area of rain forest?

Brazil and Indonesia

Whch environment is most likely to be characterized by dry scrub with frequent fires?

C

Which of the following is true of carbon as it cycles in nature?

Carbon sinks include forests and oceans.

How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to the net increase in atmospheric carbon?

Carbon that has been sequestered underground is added to the carbon cycling between the atmosphere and the biosphere.

Exemplified by moss growing on a tree trunk in a forest

Commensalism

Exemplified by starlings displacing bluebirds from nesting sites Responses

Competition

This area has the lowest amount of naturally available freshwater per capita.

D

Which letter correctly identifies the part of the hydrologic cycle that is most directly affected by impervious building materials, such as concrete and asphalt?

D

Nitrate ions and nitrite ions are converted into nitrous oxide gas and nitrogen gas (N2

Denitrification

he process by which a soil nutrient is reduced and released to the atmosphere as a gas Responses

Denitrification

Which of the following pathways indicate how nitrogen is added to the largest nitrogen reservoir?

Denitrifying bacteria and volcanic activity

Which of the following is an example of a carbon sink?

Deposition of organic matter on the deep ocean floor

The zone in which species are adapted to the lowest light and the highest pressure

E

The location of the greatest remaining natural biodiversity

E south america

Which of the following processes shown in the diagram leads to precipitation?

Evaporation rate

Which of the following statements is true of aquatic biomes?

Freshwater biomes are a vital source of drinking water.

Elements that cycle in the environment and that also have a gaseous phase at some point in their cycle include which of the following?

I and III only

Which of the following is most likely a significant cause of the general trend indicated by the graph?

Increase in consumption of fossil fuels

The diagrams above show an area that was once a pasture that has since undergone changes to the vegetation over time. Which of the following changes in the hydrologic cycle is most likely to occur as a result of the change in vegetation in the area?

Increased infiltration

hich of the following best describes a symbiotic relationship?

Intestinal bacteria inhabit the gut of humans.

Which of the following is the zone of a pond or lake in which rooted, emergent plants such as cattails and rushes are located?

Littoral

Which of the following best illustrates an abiotic component of the environment affecting a biotic component of the environment?

Low phosphorus content in soil limits the growth of vegetation.

The major reservoirs of nitrogen and sulfur in the biosphere are correctly identified by which of the following?

Nitrogen, sulfur, atmosphere, rocks

Which of the following is the best explanation of the fact that agricultural production on floodplains is often relatively high?

On floodplains, soils tend to be nutrient-rich and fertile.

Exemplified by ticks feeding on a deer

Parasitism

Guano from fish-eating birds is a commercial source of this element.

Phosphorus

Which of the following would best describe X in the diagram above?

Phosphorus and nitrogen are both required for plant growth.

ased on the diagram above, which of the following processes reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

Photosynthesis

In a typical forest ecosystem, dead trees and fallen trees are most important because of their role in which of the following?

Providing habitats for wildlife

The great grasslands of the world have which of the following primary characteristics in common?

Seasonal cycles of temperature and precipitation produce abundant vegetative growth.

In the nitrogen cycle illustrated above, nitrification occurs in which of the following steps? Responses

Step 3

The thick forest of this biome tends to be well adapted to short growing seasons. Responses

Taiga

Which of the following best describes the change in the elk population since the introduction of wolves into Yellowstone in 1995?

The elk population steadily decreased in numbers

Based on the table, which of the following claims about the relationship between the tree finch and the invasive fly is best supported?

The flies and finches have a parasitic relationship; the finches provide a home for the fly, and the fly decreases the breeding success of the finches.

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles is correctly paired with its largest reservoir?

The nitrogen cycle and the atmosphere

Which of the following is a characteristic of tropical rain forests?

Their soils are relatively poor in nutrients.

This biome is warm and wet, with little seasonal variation in temperature and frequent precipitation.

Tropical rain forest

The underlying subsoil of this biome is permafrost, which prevents both water draining through and deep-rooted plants from growing. Additionally, there is very little precipitation per year.

Tundra

Which of the following best helps to explain why phosphorus is often a limiting factor in many ecosystems? Responses

Under many conditions, phosphorus forms stable insoluble compounds.

Which of the following best describes the process of leaching?

Water percolating through soil, dissolving some of its material

This biome contains plants that are adapted to prevent water loss due to the low average rainfall and high temperatures year-round.

desert

Decreased by the breakdown of organic waste

dissolved oxygen

Ammonia is converted to nitrite, then to nitrate.

nitrification

Question The major biological source of dissolved oxygen in the ocean comes from Responses

photosynthesis by phytoplankton

Approximately what percent of the water on Earth is freshwater (liquid and solid)? Responses

2.5%

The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide increased from 278 ppm in 1790 to 383 ppm in 2007. What is the approximate percent increase in carbon dioxide concentration from 1790 to 2007?

38%

The zone that has the greatest biodiversity

A