APES Midterm
which of the following species found at the Frontier Culture Museum was not an introduced species? autumn olive, english oak tree, black walnut tree, ailanthus, or banana tree
black walnut tree
which of the following is true of carbon as it cycles in nature
carbon sinks include forests and oceans
an advantage of using natural gas, rather than oil, as a fuel is that natural gas is
cleaner because it burns more completely
which of the following would be the best definition for integrated pest management?
combining methods including biological control, chemical pesticides, and different planting methods
which of the following organizations can designate a wilderness
congress
the burning of rubber can release a poisonous gas that is lethal within seconds. what is the gas? cyanide, arsenic, lead, sulfuric acid, or mercury
cyanide
which of the following would encourage recycling?
decreasing taxes of recycled material
the r in r-selected stands for _____ and the k in k-selected stands for _____
growth rate and carrying capacity
which method reduces the volume of waste but could release toxic emissions into the atmosphere
incineration
ammonia is converted to nitrite then to nitrate
nitrification
chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, such as DDT are
noteworthy because of their persistence in the environment
which of the following metals is considered an energy source? uranium, cobalt, mercury, copper, or palladium
uranium
all of the following are components of integrated waste management EXCEPT
using disposable diapers instead of cloth diapers
sandstone
you find a rock in augusta county that doesn't react to the HCL test. it is a rock that was seen at st. mary's and on the farm on old greenville road. what kind of rock is it?
if the population of a country grows at a rate of approx 15% per year, the number of years required for pop to double is closest to?
15
Approximately what percent of the population in Country II is under age 15? (ecosystem test pg 1 for histogram)
25%
which line represents the biotic potential of the species? (ecosystem test pg 4 for graph)
A (exponential population growth curve)
intraplate location where hot spot volcanism is occurring (geology/national lands pg 3 for map)
A (hawaii)
which of the following chemicals is persisten through biomagnification? mercury, PCBs, lead, A and B only, or B and C only
A and B only (mercury and PCBs)
which of the following has been sources of lead in our country? gasoline; paint; tailings piles; A and B; or A, B, and C
A, B, and C
which of the following chemical formulas accurately represents limestone?
CaCO3
which letter would best represent a location for anthracite coal mining? (mining/waste test pg 4 for map)
D (west va)
which letter would best represent a location for mining iron, copper, and bauxite that has also had a huge mining incident in January 2016? (mining/waste test pg 4 for map)
E (brazil)
which line represents the maximum # of individuals that can be supported by a particular ecosystem on a long term basis? (ecosystem test pg 4 for graph)
E (carrying capacity)
elements that cycle in the environment and that also have a gaseous phase at some point in their cycle include which of the following? carbon, phosphorous, nitrogen
I and III (carbon and nitrogen)
Countries undergoing rapid population growth include which of the following? (ecosystem test pg 1 for histogram)
I only
which of the following are advantages of crop rotation? (more than one answer) improvement of soil fertility decreased erosion decreased pest infestation increased incidence of plant diseases
I, II, and III
regulations that deal directly with the disposal of hazardous materials in the US and keeping records of the hazardous material from cradle to grave include which one of the following? CERCLA, RCRA, superfund act, SMCRA, or OSM
RCRA
of the following countries, which has the largest proven reserves of strategic metals such as manganese, chromium, and platinum? south africa, japan, saudi arabia, US, or france?
South Africa
you learned about 4 heavy metals that were all non-renewable resources. what else did they have in common?
all are used in electronic making AND all are mined in the same areas of the world (two correct answer choices)
which method introduces microorganisms to break down hazardous organic compounds
biological treatment
when a pesticide was tested, it had no toxicity to mammals. when the pesticide was applied to a farm, the mammals that ate fish in the nearby pond became very sick. which term below would best explain what happened?
biomagnification
which of the following examples of waste would NOT be considered hazardous? carbon, fluorescent bulbs, car batteries, drain cleaner, or sodium
carbon
which method would be best suited for neutralizing the acidic components of waste
chemical treatment
you are hiking in mexico and come upon a volcano that has a crater at its summit and many ejected rocks all around the base of the volcano. what type of volcano is it?
cinder
which of the following is the correct order of soil particles in order of increasing size?
clay, silt, sand
what relationship between organisms in an ecosystem is exemplified by moss growing on a tree trunk in a forest?
commensalism
what relationship between organisms in an ecosystem is exemplified by starlings displacing bluebirds from nesting sites?
competition
brownfields encompass which of the following guidelines
contain hazardous wastes or potentially hazardous materials
rapid rate of this process in tropical rain forests by fungi and bacteria result in low nutrient soils
decomposition
of the following organisms, which occupies the lowest trophic level? spider, deer, lion, hawk, or snake
deer
process by which a soil nutrient is reduced and released to the atmosphere as a gas
denitrification
which of the following best illustrates the concept of tragedy of the commons
depletion of a community aquifer by regional farmers
when molten rock rushes up through a crack and collects in a pocket under the surface, it is called a _____ mountain
dome
to prevent desertification and erosion, which of the following irrigation methods would be best
drip irrigation
what is the greatest anthropogenic contributor to mercury poisoning in the US
electricity production
overgrazing of grasslands can lead to reduced range quality. two of the major effects of overgrazing are
erosion and desertification
For a certain insecticide, the LD-50 dosage level for rats is determined to be 250 milligrams per kilogram of body mass. on the basis of this information, which of the following is the best prediction regarding the consequences of receiving this dosage of the insecticide?
five hundred out of every one thousand rats would die
which of the following statements about genetic diversity is true
genetic resistance to pests and diseases can be increased by crossing a crop plant with ancestral varieties (heritage species)
which of the following can be used to assess the biological diversity of an area?
genetic variation within each species and # of species present
in the geological history of this era, which of the following choices would give the best list of event in order of how they occurred? (6 things) (you will have to pick the answer of them in the correct order)
granite and basalt, shallow sea, metamorphism, pangea forms, sea floor spreading, and anticline eroding while synclines fill
a scientist measures the circumference of acorns in a population of oak trees and discovers that the most common circumference is 2 cm. what would you expect the most common circumference(s) to be after 10 generations of disruptive selection?
greater than 2 cm AND (not or) less than 2 cm
which of the following types of timber harvesting does small patches of clear cutting to represent a natural disturbance
group selection
critics of incineration of municipal solid waste suggest that it may not be the best solution for the future, for which of the following reasons?
incineration results in hazardous waste being produced
rachel carson's contributions to the environmental movement include which of the following
increasing public awareness of the risks of using pesticides
the process in the hydrologic cycle in which water on the ground surface enters the soil
infiltration
how can karst topography affect pollution of aquifers
karst topography increases water pollution by bypassing the natural filtration of soil
which of the following invasive species decimated the fish populations of the Great Lakes? zebra mussels, lamprey, mosquito fish, snake head fish, or sand sharks
lamprey
of the following, which is the most serious immediate problem associated with sanitary landfills? generation of CO2, leachate contamination of groundwater, release of disease organisms, incomplete waste degradation, or compaction and settling
leachate contamination of groundwater
which of the following is a biotic factor of the environment? oxygen used by animals, water content of soil, calcium content of soil, leaf growth, or carbon dioxide exhaled
leaf growth
the use of which of the following to control agricultural insect pests in most likely to have a negative and persistent impact on an ecosystem
lindane, a chlorinated hydrocarbon
_____ growth increases by a change in population over time as it relates to the growth rate and the carrying capacity, whereas _____ growth increases by a change in population over time with only growth rate and no carrying capacity
logistic, exponential
what could be changed in US to reduce the amount of waste in landfills by the greatest percentage?
make recycling part of the waste process before the landfill
what relationship between organisms in an ecosystem is exemplified by bees consuming nectar and carrying pollen from one flower to another?
mutualism
which method introduces bio-composite materials smaller than a human cell to make our bones and tendons super strong
nanotechnology
you find a rock with angular pieces within the matrix, which of the following would be your most likely location?
near a steep hillside
process of nitrogen gas converting into ammonia
nitrogen fixation
which of the following is likely to minimize soil erosion high-yield crops, deforestation, herbicide use, annual plowing, or no-till agriculture
no-till agriculture
the major cause for the decline in the worldwide catch of fish since 1990 is
overfishing
what relationship between organisms in an ecosystem is exemplified by ticks feeding on a deer?
parasitism
there are various stages in the formation of coal as heat and pressure are increased and moisture content is decreased. these stages from least amount of heat and pressure to most, in order, are? (bituminous, peat, lignite, anthracite)
peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite
the water holding capacity of soil is LEAST likely to be affected by the addition of which of the following? clay, humus, manure, pesticide, or sand
pesticide
during which phase of demographic transition shown above does a population begin to experience an explosive increase in growth? (ecosystem test last page for graph)
phase II (death rate is decreasing but birth rate is constant)
process by which glucose is synthesized
photosynthesis
most volcanism in the world is associated with
plate boundaries
the greatest amount of fresh water is found in which of the following
polar ice caps and glaciers
all of the following are considered toxic metal pollutants except? cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, or potassium
potassium
an advantage or recycling aluminum rather than disposing of it in landfills is that aluminum can be
produced from recycled metal using much less energy than is required for its production from aluminum ore
of the following strategies to decrease landfill volume of packaging material from food and other consumer products, the most energy efficient is?
promoting the use of reusable containers for consumer goods
which of the following correctly orders the methods of solid-waste management in terms of energy required from most energy to least energy used (R,R,R)
recycle, reuse, reduce
according to the information in the chart above, which of the following would most effectively slow loss of arable land? (ag/cycles/soil test pg 5)
reducing urban development
fragmenting one large park or preserve into many small parks with human habitation in between them is most likely to lead to which of the following
reduction in species diversity
of the following, which is the best example of reclamation of disturbed lands
restoring vegetation to an area that has been mined
you find a rock in augusta county that doesn't react to the HCL test. it is a rock that was seen at st. mary's and on the farm on old greenville road. what kind of rock is it?
sandstone
which method is used most frequently in the US today
sanitary landfill
in a kelp bed ecosystem off the coast of CA one species seems to be the most important in maintaining the normal status of the ecosystem. what organism is it and what is the term for this kind of species in an ecosystem?
sea otter, keystone species
in what type of rock do rock fossils usually form?
sedimentary
which of the following types of minerals make up 95% of the earth's crust? carbonates, silicates, halides, sulfides, or metals
silicates
which soil indicated on the soil triangle above would most likely have the highest water-holding capacity? (ag/cycles/soil test last pg for chart)
soil C (almost all clay)
a mining company is interested in using a method of subsurface mining to obtain salt. which of the following methods would be the best choice?
solution mining
which of the following is the force responsible for driving the hydrologic cycle
sun
if you wanted to find out if there are any hazardous wastes being stored near your home or business, which law makes that possible? CERCLA, RCRA, superfund act, SMCRA, or OSM
superfund act
if a waste is hazardous, what are your options for disposal?
surface impoundment
looking at the climatograph above, which biome would this best represent? (ecosystem test pg 2 for climatograph)
temperate grassland
which of the following describers a fundamental characteristic of the green revolution in food resources?
the application of higher levels of organic fertilizers to increase rice production
which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clear cut
the concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase
it has been observed that when a pesticide is repeatedly used over a period of several years it gradually loses its effectiveness in killing pest species. what is the best explanation for this?
the genetically resistant members of the pest species survive and reproduce a population that is more resistant to the pesticide
in a cost-benefit analysis of the risks associated with an environmental hazard involving human health and safety, which of the following concerns is NOT typically taken into account?
the long term value and peace of mind to society resulting from a cleaner, healthier environment
by the mid 60s, malaria was nearly eliminated from target areas around the world. cases were reduced from 1 mil to 17, but by 1975, 600k cases had been reported and by 2006 there were 247 mil cases of malaria reported. what happened?
the mosquitoes became adapted to live in different areas
if you are walking in a mountainous area and find a lot of granite, what does that tell you about the area?
the rocks formed intrusively by volcanoes
why do introduced species often become pests?
they displace native species
which of the following best explains why the maximum sustainable yield for ocean fisheries has been exceeded
too many fish of reproductive age are harvested
the process in the hydrologic cycle in which water vapor is released from leaves into the atmosphere is called
transpiration
at the overhanging ledge waterfall on our field trip, there was a crystalline form of limestone that is also used for tile and forms the top of the falls. it bubbled for a test during the rock lab. what is the name of the rock?
travertine
which of the following biomes would have poor nutrients in the soil, very high biodiversity, and lots of saprophytes
tropical rain forest
which of the following is a measure of the amount of suspend material in water?
turbidity
first generation pesticides refer to
various inorganic chemicals, such as sulfur, cyanide, and arsenic
which of the following is not an environmental effect caused by mining? deforestation, leaching of chat piles, weathering or surface rocks, erosion of tailings, or overburden filling in streams and rivers
weathering of surface rocks
the US General Mining Law was enacted in the late 1800s to encourage what
western expansion
if a city of population 10,000 experiences 100 births, 40 deaths, 10 immigrants, and 30 emigrants in the course of a year, what is its net annual percentage growth rate?
0.4%
location where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary (geology/national lands pg 3 for map)
C (mid atlantic ridge)
which line represents the growth of a population predicted by the logistic model? (ecosystem test pg 4 for graph)
C (type of population growth curve)
location where oceanic intraplates are being forced together creating volcanoes in a volcanic island arc (geology/national lands pg 3 for map)
E (japan)
photosynthesis is the major source of which of the following gases in earth's atmosphere
O2
