apes mod 51-58

The location where desertification is occurring most rapidly A B C D

A

Regulations that deal directly with the disposal of hazardous materials in the United States include which of the following? RCRA Clean Water Act Clean Air Act A I only B II only C III only D I and II only E I, II, and III

A I only

Which of the following is the greatest component (by weight) of municipal solid waste in the United States? A Paper B Yard waste C Plastics D Glass E Food

A Paper

Which of the following laws gave the EPA the authority to control hazardous waste from "cradle-to-grave", including the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste? A Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) B Endangered Species Act (ESA) C Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) D National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) E Pollution Prevention Act (PPA)

A Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

The graph above shows the effect of sewage on biological oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in a flowing stream. The smallest fish populations will most probably be found at point ABCDE

B

Which of the following is the most likely route for mercury to enter the food web? A Municipal waste → landfill → groundwater → plants and vegetation B Coal-burning emissions → deposition → ocean → plankton → fishes C Organic fertilizers → soil → groundwater → lake → trout D Medical waste incinerators → stratosphere → grass → cows E Mining waste → acid deposition → surface runoff → plants and vegetation

B Coal-burning emissions → deposition → ocean → plankton → fishes

Scientists are interested in determining if selenium, from a nearby mine, magnifies in the tissues of fish living in a lake. Which of the following best describes a testable hypothesis for the study? A Tissue from fish in the lake will have a higher level of selenium than tissue from fish in a nearby lake. B Selenium will be at a higher concentration in fish tissue than in the tissue of fish prey. C Fish will have a higher concentration of selenium than mercury in their tissues. D Selenium will be at a higher concentration in acid mine drainage than in fish tissues.

B Selenium will be at a higher concentration in fish tissue than in the tissue of fish prey.

In the United States, the largest single component of municipal solid waste is A glass B paper C food scraps D wood and other construction debris E plastic

B paper

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following. (A) Safe Drinking Water Act (B) Clean Water Act (C) Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) (D) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (E) Toxic Substances Control Act Mandates the restoration and maintenance of the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters A Safe Drinking Water Act B Clean Water Act C Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) D Resource Conservation and Recovery Act E Toxic Substances Control Act

B Clean Water Act

The two pie charts show municipal solid waste (MSW) in the United States, 2015. Based on the data in the graphs, which of the following strategies would best increase the total volume of municipal solid waste being recycled? A Free or low-cost pickup of grass trimmings by municipal waste haulers B Increased use of plastic packaging for consumer products C Enacting a single-stream recycling program and providing bins to residential homes D Digitization of news and use of e-mail for communication

C Enacting a single-stream recycling program and providing bins to residential homes

Mercury concentrations were measured in freshwater shrimp populations in two different ponds, one polluted with mercury and one unpolluted, with a similar food web in each pond. Which of the following best identifies the scientific question that would guide this investigation? A How do different species of shrimp excrete mercury from their bodies? B How does the food web in a pond affect biomagnification of toxins? C How much mercury accumulates in the tissues of freshwater shrimp living in a polluted pond? D How much mercury is found in the tissues of shrimp predators in an unpolluted pond?

C How much mercury accumulates in the tissues of freshwater shrimp living in a polluted pond?

Long Island Sound is a body of water off the northeast coast of the United States. Over nine million people live in the small watershed area that feeds into the sound. To determine the effect of the population density on the watershed, scientists measured the oxygen content of bottom waters in the sound. The data from late summer 2013 are displayed in the map below. Based on the image, which of the following conclusions can best be drawn to describe the conditions in the Long Island Sound?

C The sound has large numbers of phytoplankton blooms that are decomposing and consumed by respiring bacteria.

In a river ecosystem, dissolved oxygen concentrations drop quickly downstream from a point-source input of organic matter into the river. This effect is due to A increasing populations of mayfly and stonefly larvae B increasing activity of trout and black bass C increasing bacterial activity as organic matter decays D decreasing bacterial activity as turbidity increases E decreasing water temperature as surface evaporation increases

C increasing bacterial activity as organic matter decays

The graph below depicts the dose response curves for three common bacteria and a newly discovered bacterium found in streams near certain agricultural properties. Some drinking water standards allow bacteria in water at dosages up to the 10% probability of illness. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data in the graph? B If C. jejuni is the only species of bacteria present in the drinking water sample, the water will be considered safe to drink at all doses. C E. coli and Salmonella sppspp. would have the highest allowable dosage to meet the drinking water standards. D The newly discovered bacterium would have the lowest allowable dosage to meet the drinking water standards.

D The newly discovered bacterium would have the lowest allowable dosage to meet the drinking water standards.

True statements about ozone include which of the following? Ozone is a precursor of acid rain. Contact with ozone can be injurious to human health. Ozone absorbs some wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation A II only B III only C I and III only D II and III only E I, II, and III

D II and III only

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following. (A) Safe Drinking Water Act (B) Clean Water Act (C) Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) (D) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (E) Toxic Substances Control Act

D Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Which of the following components, which are not shown on the diagram, are part of the tertiary treatment of wastewater? A Wet scrubbers B Filters C Coagulants D Disinfectants

D disinfectants

Which of the following federal laws specifically deals with the cleanup of abandoned hazardous waste sites? A Clean Air Act B Clean Water Act C Safe Drinking Water Act D Resource Conservation and Recovery Act E Comprehensive Environmental Responsibility Compensation and Liability Act

E Comprehensive Environmental Responsibility Compensation and Liability Act

Step P. Water is passed through a screen to remove debris. Step Q. Pathogenic organisms are killed by chlorination, UV, or ozone. Step R. Suspended particles clump and settle out. Step S. A floccing agent, such as alum, is added to the water. The processes described above are steps in the purification and treatment of municipal wastewater. The steps are listed in random order. Which of the following lists the steps in the correct sequence? A S → P → R → Q B S → R → P → Q C Q → S → P → R D P → Q → R → S E P → S → R → Q

E P → S → R → Q

All of the following are considered toxic metal pollutants EXCEPT A cadmium B chromium C lead D mercury E potassium

E potassium

All of the following are commonly used to deal with the side effects of eutrophication in lakes EXCEPT A applying herbicides to kill nuisance plants B dredging out lakes to deepen them C pumping oxygen into the lowest layers of water D introducing insects that eat certain nuisance plants E adding nitrates

E adding nitrates

The presence of which of the following contaminants would be the strongest reason for judging municipal sewage sludge unfit for use as fertilizer? A human feces B Ammonia C Phosphates D Nitrates E Heavy metals

E heavy metals