APES Multiple Choice- Chapter 3 and 4

After a severe drought, the productivity in an ecosystem took many years to return to pre-drought conditions. This observation indicated that the ecosystem has A. high resilience B. low resilience C. high resistance D. low resistance E. equal resilience and resistance

B

As water freezes or evaporates, what happens to the salinity of the remaining ocean water? A. Salinity decreases B. Salinity increases C. There is no change in salinity D. Salinity increases as water freezes, decreases as water evaporates E. Salinity increases as water evaporates, decreases as water freezes

B

In which layer of the Earth's atmosphere does most weather occur? A. troposphere B. stratosphere C. mesosphere D. thermosphere E. lithosphere

A

In which level of the atmosphere does weather occur? A. Troposphere B. Stratosphere C. Mesosphere D. Thermosphere E. Exosphere

A

What best describes the temperature of the atmosphere? A. It decreases with an increase in altitude in the troposphere. B. It increases with an increase in altitude. C. It maintains a constant level throughout the atmosphere. D. It fluctuates up and down randomly through the layers of the atmosphere. E.It falls in the stratosphere.

A

What happens to air as it rises? A. The pressure decreases and it expands in volume. B. The pressure increases and it expands in volume. C. The pressure decreases and it decreases in volume. D. The pressure increases and it decreases in volume. E. The pressure and volume remain constant.

A

What is the overall direction of global air currents at the equator? A. Air currents rise at the equator. B. Air currents sink at the equator. C. Air currents move horizontally to the north at the equator. D. Air currents move horizontally to the south at the equator. E. Air currents are relatively stable at the equator.

A

Which of the following is the best description of a region's climate? A. The average weather that occurs over a long time. B. The average precipitation that occurs over a long time. C. The average high and low temperatures of a region. D. The amount of precipitation in a typical year. E. The average temperature and precipitation over 5 years.

A

Which of the following processes is not characteristic of oceanic circulation? A. Counterclockwise gyres in the Northern Hemisphere B. Slow thermohaline circulation of surface and deep ocean waters C. Unequal heating of tropical versus polar ocean waters D. El Niño-Southern Oscillation E. Coriolis Effect

A

Which of the following statements about temperate biomes is not correct? A. Temperate biomes have average annual temperatures above 20°C. B. Temperate rainforests receive the most precipitation, whereas cold deserts receive the least precipitation. C. Temperate rainforests can be found in the northwestern United States. D. Temperate seasonal forests are characterized by trees that lose their leaves. E. Temperate shrub-lands are adapted to frequent fire

A

Which level of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer? A. Troposphere B. Stratosphere C. Mesosphere D. Thermosphere E. Exosphere

B

In the diagram above, in which zone does most photosynthesis occur? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

B

Which has the highest albedo? A. Asphalt B. Fresh Snow C. Forest D. Croplands E. Water

B

Which of the following best explains why polar regions are colder than tropical regions? A. Polar regions have lower albedo values. B. Polar regions receive less solar energy per unit of surface area. C. Tropical regions receive less direct sunlight throughout the year. D. Sunlight travels through more atmosphere and loses more energy in tropical regions E. Tropical regions rotate at a faster speed than polar regions.

B

Which of the following statements about tropical biomes is correct? A. Tropical seasonal forests are characterized by evergreen trees. B. Tropical rainforests have the highest precipitation due to the proximity of the ITCZ. C. Savannas are characterized by the densest forests. D. Tropical rainforests have the slowest rates of decomposition due to high rainfall. E. Subtropical deserts have the highest species diversity

B

In the diagram above, in which zone would you find phytoplankton, but not rooted plants? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

C

Which of the following statements about rain shadows is correct? A. They occur on the western sides of mountain ranges in the Northern Hemisphere. B. Air gains water vapor as it rises. C. As air rises over a mountain range, water vapor condenses into precipitation. D. They occur on the eastern sides of mountain ranges in the Southern Hemisphere. E. The rain shadow side of a mountain range receives the most rain.

C

The anticancer drug Taxol was originally extracted from the bank of the Pacific yew tree. This drug is an example of a type of ecosystem service known as A. cultural services B. support systems C. provisions D. resilience E. regulating services

C

Which information is not found in climate diagrams? A. Average annual temperature B. Seasonal changes in temperature C. Average annual humidity D. The months when plant growth is limited by precipitation E. The length of the growing season

C

Which statement about the Coriolis effect is not correct? A. The Coriolis effect causes objects to be deflected to the west in the northern hemisphere. B. The Coriolis effect causes objects to be deflected to the east in the southern hemisphere. C. The Coriolis effect causes polar winds to come out of the northwest in the northern hemisphere D. The Coriolis effect is caused by the rotation of the Earth. E. The different rotation speeds of Earth at different latitudes causes the deflection of traveling objects.

C

Which zone in the diagram above is the photic zone? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

C

In the diagram above, which is the benthic zone? (diagram number 1) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

D

What is Earth's most diverse biome? A. Wetlands B. Tropical rainforest C. Temperate Seasonal Forest D. Coral reefs E. Grasslands

D

What is a primary reason for the seasons on Earth? A. The change in distance between Earth and the Sun that occurs with Earth's orbit B. The changing period of daylight over the course of the year C. The Coriolis Effect D. The tilt of Earth on its axis E. The speed of the Earth's orbit around the sun

D

Where is upwelling most likely to occur? A. Along the west coasts of a continent B. Along the east coast of a continent C. In the center of ocean basins D. Along the equator E. In the polar oceans

D

Which of the following is not true about the Sun's energy heating Earth? A. The angle at which the Sun'a rays hit the Earth depends on the latitude. B. The sun's rays are concentrated over a smaller surface area at the equator than in high latitudes. C. The polar regions reflect more sunlight than the tropical regions. D. The Sun's rays are more strongly reflected in the lower latitudes. E. The unequal heating if Earth helps determine an area's climate.

D

Which of the following is true about El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)? I. It suppresses upwelling off the coast of South America II. It contributes to global climate change III. It causes the trade winds to weaken, allowing warm water to move eastward. A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and III E.I, II, and III

D

Which of the following statements about aquatic biomes is correct? A. They are characterized by dominant plant growth forms. B. They can be categorized by temperature and precipitation. C. Lakes contain littoral zones and intertidal zones. D. Freshwater wetlands have emergent plants in their deepest areas, whereas ponds and lakes do not. E. Coral reefs have the lowest diversity of species.

D

Why do scientists use dominant plan growth forms to categorize terrestrial biomes? A. Plants with similar growth forms are always closely related genetically. B. Different plant growth forms indicate climate differences, whereas different animal forms do not. C. Plants from similar climates evolve different adaptations. D. Similar plant growth forms are found in climates with similar temperatures and amounts of precipitation. E. Similar plant growth forms exist in terrestrial and aquatic biome

D

According to the graph above, what biome would you expect to find in an area with an average temperature of 10 C and 100 cm of precipitation annually? A. Tundra B. Boreal Forest C. Temperate Rainforest D. Temperate Grassland E. Temperate Seasonal Forest

E

Boreal forests tend to have a thick layer of organic material but the soil is poor in nutrients. What is the best explanation for this? A. The organic material is low in nutrients B. The rapid growth rate of plants uses the nutrients rapidly C. The soils have a low permeability and the nutrients do not dissolve in the soils. D. The soil is too rocky to hold a high content of nutrients. E. Low precipitation rates and cold temperatures slow decomposition

E

In the diagram above, which of the zones is the benthic zone? (diagram 2) A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

E

In which of the zones in this diagram above would you be most likely to find bacteria engaged in chemosynthesis? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E

E

Small inputs of this substance, commonly a limiting factor in aquatic ecosystems, can result in algal blooms and dead zones. A. dissolved carbon dioxide B. sulfur C. dissolved oxygen D. potassium E. phosphorus

E

What factors are used to classify a biome? I. Average temperature II. Average precipitation III. Distinctive plants adapted to area. A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and II E. I, II and III

E

What phenomenon does the above figure represent? A. Mountain rain effect B. Prevailing ocean winds C. Desert formation D. Climate change E. Rain shadow effect

E

Which biome has warm temperature, high precipitation, and little seasonal variation due to its location neat the equator? A. Boreal forest B. Subtropical desert C. Temperate grassland/ cold desert D. Woodland/shrubland E. Tropical rainforest

E

Which of the following statements about patterns of temperature and precipitation is not correct? A. The air in a Hadley cell rises where sunlight strikes Earth most directly. B. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs at the intertropical convergence zone. C. The air in a Hadley cell descends near 30° N and S, causing the formation of deserts. D. The air of a polar cell rises near 60° latitude. E. Along Earth's surface, the air of a Hadley cell moves toward the equator.

E

Which of the following statements about tundras and boreal forests is correct? A. Both are characterized by slow plant growth, so there is little accumulation of organic matter. B. Tundras are warmer than boreal forests. C. Boreal forests have shorter growing seasons than tundras. D. Plant growth in both biomes is limited by precipitation. E. Boreal forests have larger dominant plant growth forms than tundras.

E