APES TEST :)

8. Which of the following is the human health impact most closely associated with atmospheric particulates?

(D) Asthma

5. Smoke from forest fires is most likely to affect air quality over larger areas for many days when...

B) A persistent atmospheric inversion exists in the region

43. Which of the following is true of sewage treatment plants in the United States?

(C) They are not designed to remove pharmaceutical chemicals from wastewater

53. Important factors that contribute to smog formation in the Los Angeles basin include which of the following?

(C) and I and III only

47. The risk that many cancer-causing chemicals pose to humans can be estimated using laboratory tests on rats. Significant scientific limitation of such tests is that

(C) they are banned in the United States

18. Which of the following characteristically produces non-point-source pollution?

(D) Erosion from agriculture land

48. True statements about ozone include which of the following?

(D) II and III only

39. Regulations that deal directly with the disposal of hazardous materials in the United States include which of the following?

(A) 1 only

38. Has a stronger affinity for hemogloblin than oxygen has

(A) Carbon monoxide

28. Which of the following best explains why DDT has been found in penguin eggs in the Antarctic?

(A) Chemicals used in one region of Earth can circulate in the biosphere and affect organisms in a distant region

14. Which of the following would be the most likely effect of acid deposition on a northern forest?

(A) Decreased ability of trees to withstand cold weather

22. Alligators in Florida lake polluted by high levels of dioxins (chlorinated hydrocarbons) had low testosterone levels and failed to reproduce. Scientists came to the conclusion that the dioxins were acting as which of the following?

(A) Endocrine disruptors

2. Recent studies have found that fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 or less can have negative human health effects. Which of the following correctly links a negative human health effect to an anthropogenic source of fine particulate matter?

(A) High rates of respiratory disease from power plant emissions

6. Which of the following describes a potential human health effect most likely to be associated with a thermal inversion?

(A) Increase in respiratory irritation due to increased levels of fine airborne particulates

25. A state highway was constructed over wetlands. The state obtained a permit to fill the existing wetlands in accordance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act in 1972, and agreed to create another wetland. The approach to addressing an environmental issue is known as

(A) Mitigation

36. Which method is used most frequently in the United States today?

(A) Sanitary landfill

16. Most often cited as the causative factor for acid deposition

(A) Sulfur dioxide

50. (GRAPH) Of the the phenomena that correlate with the data above, the one that is the most direct consequence of the travel is....

(A) The increase in the spread of infectious disease

11. Which of the following is true about the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990?

(A) They allowed power plants to buy and sell SO2 pollution allowances

46. Based upon the data, what is the best description of the relationship?

(B) As the concentration of anastrozole increases, the percent induction of breast cancer decreases

57. (GRAPH) The primary cause of acid precipitation in the northeastern United States is...

(B) Burning of sulfur-containing fossil fuels to produce electricity

12. Catalytic converters reduce which of the following pairs of pollutants in car exhaust?

(B) Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons

29. Rachel Carson's contributions to the environmental movement include which of the following?

(B) Increasing public awareness of the risks of using pesticides

17. Implicated in human neurological damage

(B) Lead

54. Of the following cities, which regularly experience the worst levels of photochemical smog that is enhanced by internal inversions?

(B) Los Angeles, California

4. Which of the following is a common component of photochemical smog and is a reddish-brown gas with a pungent odor?

(B) Nitrogen dioxide, NO2

7. Which of the following is a nonanthropogenic source of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere?

(B) Photosynthesis

9. Colorless, odorless gas that is a naturally occurring decay product of uranium...

(B) Radon

59. Which of the following is a measure of the amount of suspended material in water?

(B) Turbidity

41. Integrated waste management employs all of the following EXCEPT...

(B) Using disposable diapers instead of cloth diapers

52. When scientists discover the existence of an emerging infectious disease such as SARS, they must take immediate steps to determine the cause of the disease and the method of transmission. These initial steps would include which of the following?

(C) Acquiring recent medical and travel histories of the disease

30. Some toxic compounds are ingested and retained in the tissues. These pollutants pose special risks to humans and other organisms high on the food chain because of which process?

(C) Biomagnification

26. If wastewater treatment plant effluent that contains nitrates and phosphates is allowed to flow into a body of water, which of the following may result?

(C) Eutrophication

55. (DIAGRAM) What important phenomenon that often plays a role in air pollution episodes is illustrated in the diagram above?

(C) Inversion

37. Is a flammable gas produced by landfills

(C) Methane

23. (GRAPH) Some studies have indicated that global amphibian populations are declining and that exposure to herbicides in agricultural runoff is implicated in the decline. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of how herbicides affect amphibians?

(C) The herbicides act as a endocrine disruptor

10. All of the following are likely consequences of indoor air pollution EXCEPT an increase in...

(C) The risk of developing skin cancer

51. Factors that increase the spread of infections diseases include all of the following EXCEPT...

(D) Exposure to neurotoxin, which affect the endocrine system

1. Which of the following is true of the Clean Air Act?

(D) It established a cap-and-trade program for SO2 in 1990

3. (GRAPH) If technology that reduces the hydrocarbon concentration had been utilized, which of the following would have been the most likely result?

(D) The concentration of O3 would have been lower

45. A laboratory study using rats showed a steady increases in physical effects as the concentration of a toxic substance in their food was increased. This suggests that...

(D) The does-response relationship is linear

56. Which of the following is used to reduce SO2 emissions from coal-burning power plants?

(D) Wet-scrubber units

24. Which of the following is most likely to result from destruction of wetlands surrounding a river?

(E) An increased frequency of flooding of the river valley

44. For a certain insecticide, the LD-50 dosage level for rates is determined to be 250 milligrams per kilogram of body mass. On the basis of this information, which of the following is the best prediction regarding the consequences of receiving this dosage of the insecticide?

(E) Five hundred out of every one thousand rats would die

21. When logging is carried out in a watershed, a likely effect on the local stream is...

(E) Increased water temperatures

42. Which of the following is an efficient alternative to chlorine for disinfecting wastewater in a municipal treatment plant?

(E) Ozone

58. Waste from which of the following is an example of non point source pollution?

(E) Runoff from agriculture fields

19. Which of the following best illustrates point-source pollution?

(E) Smokestack emissions from a large smelting company

15. Of the following, which is true of noise pollution?

(E) Sudden or persistent noise may lead to permanent hearing loss

49. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data?

(E) There is a positive correlation between breast cancer and dietary fate intake

27. (CHART) What is the main purpose for the experiment?

(E) To observe the effect of organic waste on DO

40. Of the following strategies to decrease the landfill volume of packaging material from food and other consumer products, the most energy efficient is...

(E) promoting the use of reusable containers for consumer goods

13. Acid rain is associated with which of the following?

?(D) The burning of Fossil Fuels

20. (GRAPH) The graph above shows the effect of the sewage on biological oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in a flowing stream. The smallest fish populations will most probably be found at point...

C

31. Poses a health risk to humans who eat large quantities of marine fish such as swordfish and tuna

Mercury