APES UNIT 2 test

Which of the following economic consequences to a provisioning ecosystem service will most likely result from increased global warming?

The collapse of local fisheries, because of the damage to coral reefs from ocean acidification

specialist species

Species with a narrow ecological niche. They may be able to live in only one type of habitat, tolerate only a narrow range of climatic and other environmental conditions, or use only one type or a few types of food.

In 2002, Peter and B. Rosemary Grant studied a population of Darwin's finches on one of the Galapagos Islands that feed on seeds of various sizes. After a drought that caused only large seeds to be available to the birds, they found that natural selection favored those birds that had much smaller beaks and bodies. Which of the following processes is the best interpretation of this scenario?

Microevolution

Based on the data shown in the graph, when would the species richness of the ecosystem have been the lowest?

One to four years after the volcanic eruption

Which of the following ecosystem services are categorized as regulating?

Pollination, decomposition, and water purification

Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the following events occurred after the glacial retreat?

Primary succession

Which of the following correctly describes the disruption of an ecosystem service by an anthropogenic activity?

Provisioning services are disrupted by increased combustion of fossil fuels, which leads to an increase in air pollution.

Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the following best describes how ecologists could determine when this ecosystem is approaching a climax community?

Record the number and type of producers present every year after the eruption

Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?

Recreation and scenic areas for tourism

generalist species

Species with a broad ecological niche. They can live in many different places, eat a variety of foods, and tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions. Examples are flies, cockroaches, mice, rats, and human beings. Compare specialist species.

Primary succession

process by which a community arises in a virtually lifeless area with no soil

Which of the following is the best example of a keystone species?

Sea otter

What statement is not correct?

Speciation cannot occur without geographic isolation

Species richness vs Diversity

Species richness is simply the number of species in a community. Species diversity is more complex, and includes a measure of the number of species in a community, and a measure of the abundance of each species

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection

Thoroughbred racehorses have been bred for speed

Which of the following statements about levels of biodiversity is correct?

A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors.

Based on the graph above, which of the following years postdisturbance had the greatest species richness?

100

Based on the graph above, which of the following years postdisturbance did sweetgum experience the greatest biomass?

50

Which of the following best shows the process of evolution?

A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide.

Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in the graph?

After the volcanic eruption, pioneer species colonized the area and the ecosystem began to undergo succession.

Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem that provides ecosystem services including protection from hurricane storm surges?

An intact coastal wetland

Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following islands would most likely have the highest number of species living on it?

An island 30 hectares in size that is 10 kilometers off the coast of the mainland

Which of the following would most likely result from the deforestation of large areas of tropical rain forests caused by slash-and-burn agriculture?

Increased global temperature because of the release of CO2

The yellow perch is a fish that breeds in spring. A single female can produce up to 40,000 eggs at one time. This species is an example of which the key ideas of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

Individuals produce an excess of offspring

An island off the coast of Africa contains a larger percentage of specialist species than generalist species. Which of the following describes the most immediate effect if an invasive generalist species is introduced to the island?

As competition for resources increases, the population size of the island's specialist species will decrease.

Based on the information above, which of the following best describes Ecosystem C?

Its low habitat diversity indicates that Ecosystem C most likely has a low number of specialist species and few species that utilize large territories.

Which of the following best explains how environmental stressors, such as wildfires, can affect biodiversity in an ecosystem?

Ecosystems with more species diversity are more likely to recover after a disturbance than ecosystems with low species diversity.

The northern elephant seal was once hunted to near extinction. Only 20 animals remained alive in 1890. After the species was protected from hunting, its population grew to nearly 30,000 animals, but the large population possesses very low genetic variation. Which of the following processes is the best interpretation of this scenario?

Evolution by bottleneck effect

Which of the following can be used to assess the biological diversity of an area?

Genetic variation within each species and number of species present

What allows more rapid evolution?

High genetic variation

The image shows two different islands and the relative distance to the nearest mainland. Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following best predicts the effect of the introduction of an invasive species on Easter Island compared to Madagascar?

The native species on Madagascar are more likely to survive because the island is larger and provides a greater diversity of habitats and resources.

Which of the following statements best explains the changes in the size and composition of the population of finches after the drought?

The total number of finches in the population decreased, and the larger-beaked finches were more successful in the drier environment.

Based on the graph above, which of the following tree species would be the predominant species found during the intermediate stage of succession?

Tulip poplar