Apes: Unit 3 Practice Questions

Primary producers in a lake ecosystem store approximately 25,000 kcal/m2/yr of energy in their biomass. Which of the following identifies the most likely amount of energy available to a tertiary consumer in this ecosystem?

25 kcal/m2/yr

The biome that is adapted to and dependent upon frequent fires a.) Chaparral b.) Tundra c.) Desert d.) Boreal Forest e.) Savanna

A

Which of the following statements about levels of biodiversity is correct? A) A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors. B) Genetic biodiversity is a measure of the total number of genes in a community. C) A narrow distribution of habitats leads to an increase in species diversity. D) Global hotspots are areas where species diversity is thriving due to habitat restoration.

A) A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors.

4.) In a population of rabbits, two coat colors, white and dark brown predominated. Over the course of several decades and significant climate change to the rabbit's ecosystem the majority of rabbits had white coats. A) Directional selection B) Stabilizing selection C) Diversifying (disruptive) selection D) Sexual selection E) No selection occurred

A) Directional selection

What would most likely be the cause of bushes of one species growing in one area in a uniform spacing pattern? A) interactions among individuals in the population B) chance C) variation in sunlight D) random distribution of seeds E) the varied nutrient supplies in that area

A) interactions among individuals in the population

Moderate biodiversity due to lots of shade, which limits food for herbivores. Major resource for timber. a.) Tropical rain forest b.) Temperate deciduous forest c.) Savanna d.) Taiga e.) Tundra

B

4.) Predation and parasitism are similar in that both are ________ interactions. A) + / + B) + / - C) + / 0 D) - / - E) -/ 0

B) + / -

Which of the following statements is true of aquatic biomes? A) Freshwater biomes supply a greater portion of Earth's oxygen than marine biomes. B) Freshwater biomes are a vital source of drinking water. C) Marine biomes include streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes. D) Freshwater and marine biomes are evenly distributed on Earth.

B) Freshwater biomes are a vital source of drinking water.

Which of the following biomes is best characterized as an area that forms the narrow band along the coast that experiences a range of environmental conditions (including daily changes in sunlight, temperature, and water) ? A) Lakes B) Intertidal zones C) Coral reefs D) Open ocean

B) Intertidal zones

3.) Two closely related but reproductively isolated species of bees live in the same forest; one bee gathers nectar from a flower that peaks in early spring and the other gathers nectar from a flower that peaks in early summer. A) Allopatric speciation B) Sympatric speciation C) Parapatric speciation D) Stabilizing selection E) Sexual selection

B) Sympatric speciation

A species described as r-strategist would definitely NOT have which of the following characteristics? A) clumped population pattern B) much parenting C) many offspring D) random population pattern E) high mortality of young

B) much parenting

6.) Certain young clams attach themselves to the gills of a fish. In a short time, each clam becomes surrounded by a capsule formed by cells of the fish. The clam feeds and grows by absorbing nutrients from the fish's body. A.) Commensalism B.) Parasitism C.) Mutualism D.) Amensalism E.) Competition

B.) Parasitism

Warm year-round; prolonged dry seasons; scattered trees a.) Tropical rain forest b.) Temperate deciduous forest c.) Savanna d.) Taiga e.) Tundra

C

Whether a land area supports a deciduous forest or grassland depends primarily on a.) changes in temperature b.) latitude north or south of the equator c.) consistency of rainfall from year to year and the effect that it has on fires d.) changes in length of the growing season e.) none of the above

C

5.) You love your pet dog and get a great deal of pleasure and protection from him. Also, he gets good food and a good home. What type of symbiosis is this? A.) Commensalism B.) Parasitism C.) Mutualism D.) Amensalism E.) Competitive exclusion

C.) Mutualism

3.) A specialist faces _______ competition for resources and has _______ ability to adapt to environmental changes. A generalist faces _______ competition for resources and has _______ ability to adapt to environmental changes. A.) less, greater, greater, less B.) greater, less, less, greater C.) less, less, greater, greater D.) greater, greater, less, less E.) none of the above

C.) less, less, greater, greater

Forest of cold climates of high latitudes and high altitudes a.) Tropical rain forest b.) Temperate deciduous forest c.) Savanna d.) Taiga e.) Tundra

D

Genetic diversity species diversity, ecological diversity and functional diversity are best characterized as elements of a.) cultural diversity b.) trophic levels c.) abiotic resources d.) biological diversity e.) biospheres

D

The net annual primary productivity of a particular wetland ecosystem is found to be 8,000 kcal/m2 per year. If respiration by the aquatic producers is 12,000 kcal/m2 per year, what is the gross annual primary productivity for this ecosystem, in kcal/m2 per year? A) 12,000 B) 96,000 C) 8,000 D) 20,000 E) 4,000

D) 20,000

Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic relationship? A) A tapeworm living in an organism's stomach. B) A duck eating algea. C) A dolphin searching for a mate. D) Algae living in coral. E) A frog consuming and insect.

D) Algae living in coral.

Which of the following BEST explains why there are seldom more than five trophic levels in a food chain? A) Top carnivores are too few in number to prey effectively. B) The ecosystem contains too much biomass. C) Trophic levels above this number contain too many individuals. D) Energy is lost from each trophic level. E) Most carnivores function at more than one trophic level.

D) Energy is lost from each trophic level.

6.) Which of the following organisms shows a Type III survivorship curve? A) Lizard B) Oak tree C) Elephant D) Mosquito E) Panda

D) Mosquito

Which of the following best describes the net primary productivity of an ecosystem? A) Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost by producers through respiration over time. B) Net primary productivity is the amount of energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time. C) Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers added to the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem. D) Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

D) Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

Which of the following is a characteristic of tropical rain forests? A) They generally occur in the rain shadows of mountain ranges. B) Their soils typically have a high pH. C) They do not exhibit a great deal of species diversity. D) Their soils are relatively poor in nutrients. E) They rarely receive more than 100 centimeters of rain per year.

D) Their soils are relatively poor in nutrients.

Biotic potential refers to A) the ratio of total live births to total population B) a factor that influences population growth and that increases in magnitude with an increase in the size or density of the population C) events and phenomena of nature that act to keep population sizes stable D) an estimate of the maximum capacity of living things to survive and reproduce under optimal environmental conditions E) the proportion of the population of each sex at each age category

D) an estimate of the maximum capacity of living things to survive and reproduce under optimal environmental conditions

Traveling southward from the Arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of Panama, one passes through several biomes - tundra, coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest, and tropical rain forest. This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of A) primary and secondary succession B) the invasion of exotic species C) an increase in mean annual temperature and a decrease in mean annual precipitation D) an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation E) an increase in the total annual hours of sunlight

D) an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation

Which of the following examples does NOT demonstrate a density dependent factor affecting the population size? A) the "black plagues" that occurred in Europe during the mid 14th century, which are estimated to have killed up to 1/3 of the European population B) an outbreak of influenza in a hospital C) the number of lions inhabiting a grassland in Africa D) tropical plants located near the ground in a tropical rain forest E) the destruction of a rain forest in Brazil due to drought

E) the destruction of a rain forest in Brazil due to drought

Which of the following trophic levels contain animals that eat herbivores? I. tertiary consumers II. secondary consumers III. primary consumers IV. producers

I and II

Characteristics that tend to increase the risk of a species becoming endangered include which of the following? I. Having a very limited distribution II. Being a specialist at the end of a long food chain III. Having a small population size

I, II, and III

Mount San Jacinto at almost 11,000 feet elevation is only a few miles from Palm Springs, California, located in the lower Mojave-Colorado Desert in southern California. Temperatures in Palm Springs have been recorded as high as 120 °F. If you were to take the Palm Springs Aerial Tramway to the very top of Mount San Jacinto, what type of biome would you find?

Tundra

A group of interbreeding individuals occupying the same area is best called

a population

7.) Competitive exclusion is most likely to occur between two a.) closely related species occupying two different niches b.) closely related species occupying the same niche c.) related species occupying different habitats d.) unrelated species occupying different niches

b.) closely related species occupying the same niche

For a primary producer, the main function of photosynthesis is to manufacture

glucose

7.) Due to a major flood, a dam broke, altering the course of a river. A population of ground squirrels became separated due to the river's change of course. Overtime, the divided population developed new adaptations and eventually created separate species. This is an example of A) Sympatric speciation B) Stabilizing selection C) Allopatric speciation D) Directional selection E) Disruptive selection

C) Allopatric speciation

Which of the following best describes the movement of energy in an ecosystem? A) Energy is magnified as it moves up the trophic levels, and tertiary consumers store the most energy in a food web B) Energy is absorbed by plants through water and soil and then moves up the food chain through consumers. C) Energy is harnessed by producers, and available energy decreases with each trophic level transfer. D) Energy is constantly recycled by decomposers for use by producers.

C) Energy is harnessed by producers, and available energy decreases with each trophic level transfer.

Oxpeckers are birds that ride rhinoceros and other ungulates and eat various skin parasites, such as ticks A) Character displacement B) Commensalism C) Mutualism D) Amensalism E) Competition

C) Mutualism

Brown marmorated stink bugs are native to China and Japan. They were identified in Pennsylvania for the first time in 1998 and have since spread across North America, feeding on agricultural crops. Which of the following characteristics of the brown marmorated stink bug has led to them being an invasive species in North America? A) They are often eaten by native wasps and birds. B) They reach maturity slowly. C) They are tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions D) They have only a few surviving offspring each year.

C) They are tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions

Which would be least likely to be affected by a density-dependent limiting factor? A) a population with a high birth rate none of the above B) a population with a high immigration rate C) a small, scattered population D) a large, dense population

C) a small, scattered population

Whether a land area supports a deciduous forest or grassland depends primarily on A) changes in temperature B) latitude north or south of the equator C) consistency of rainfall from year to year and the effect that it has on fires D) changes in length of the growing season E) none of the above

C) consistency of rainfall from year to year and the effect that it has on fires

Which of the following is the best example of K-strategists species? A) fruit flies B) fish C) gorillas D) beetles E) desert annual flowers

C) gorillas