APES Unit 3 Test Questions

Calculate the population change of the following situation: An elk pop. of 52 elk has 19 births and 6 deaths in a season, 5 new elk immigrate to the herd, and 0 elk emigrate from the heart.

(19 + 5) - (6 + 0) = 18 + 52 = 70 elk

The size difference between what age groups indicates growth rate? a. 0-14 and 15-44 b. 0-14 and 45+ c. 15-44 and 45+ d. Any age group

a. 0-14 and 15-44

Calculate the annual growth rate of a country with a CDR (Crude Death Rate) of 7 and a CBR (Crude Birth Rate) of 14. a. 0.7% growth rate b. 7% growth rate c. 14% growth rate d. 50% growth rate

a. 0.7% growth rate

An elephant pop. of 52 elk has 19 births and 6 deaths in a season, and 5 new elks immigrate to the herd and 0 elk emigrate from the herd.What is the change in population? a. 18 b. 19 c. 17 d. 8

a. 18

In an r-selected species, their larger population and faster generation time cause a higher chance of what? a. Adaptation b. Extinction c. Invasion d. Reproduction

a. Adaptation

The # of individuals/area is: a. Density b. Ecosystem c. Population d. Fullness

a. Density

What is the malaysian theory? (select all that apply) a. Earth has a human carrying capacity, probably based on food production b. Human population growth is happening faster than growth of food production c. Humans can alter earth's carrying capacity with technology innovations d. Humans will reach a carrying capacity limited by food

a. Earth has a human carrying capacity, probably based on food production b. Human population growth is happening faster than growth of food production d. Humans will reach a carrying capacity limited by food

Which of the following is the correct order of a population reaching carrying capacity? a. Exponential growth, Growth begins to slow, Growth eventually falls to 0, Overshoot, Die-off b. Growth begins to slow, Growth eventually falls to 0, Overshoot, Die-off, Exponential growth c. Die-off, Exponential growth, Growth begins to slow, Overshoot, Growth eventually falls to 0 d, Growth begins to slow, Exponential growth, Growth eventually falls to 0, Overshoot, Die-off

a. Exponential growth, Growth begins to slow, Growth eventually falls to 0, Overshoot, Die-off

Which of the following concepts is a key economic indicator of standard of living? a. Gross domestic product b. Total fertility rate c. Growth rate d. Crude birth rate

a. Gross domestic product

What would be an example of a type 1 species ? a. Humans b. Birds c. Fish d. Insects

a. Humans

What is an example of a density-independent factor? a. Hurricanes b. Food c. Competition for habitat d. Water

a. Hurricanes

Which of the following represents true qualities of both K-Selected and R-Selected Species? a. K-Selected species have generally longer life spans than R-Selected species. b. R-Selected species have generally larger offspring than K-Selected species. c. K-Selected species have generally less parental care than R-Selected species. d. R-Selected species have generally less offspring than K-Selected species.

a. K-Selected species have generally longer life spans than R-Selected species.

Which of the following are more likely to be disrupted by environmental changes? a. K-selected b. R-selected c. Both will be affected. d. Neither will be affected.

a. K-selected

___________ have a low biotic potential. a. K-selected b. R-selected

a. K-selected

A graph that demonstrates current and future growth will have: a. Larger 15-44 cohort b. Larger 0-14 cohort c. Small 15-44 cohort d. Small 0-14 cohort

a. Larger 15-44 cohort

The ____ the IMR, the _____ TFR. a. Lower, lower b. Higher, lower c. Lower, higher d. None of the above

a. Lower, lower

Which is an example of a density-independent factor? a. Natural Disaster b. Water c. Light d. Food

a. Natural Disaster

What are the two characteristics of a specialist species? (select two answers) a. Specific food requirements b. Less ability to adapt to new conditions c. Broad food requirements d. High adaptability

a. Specific food requirements b. Less ability to adapt to new conditions

What are type II graphs associated with? a. Steady decrease in survivorship b. High survivorship early in life c. High mortality in early life d. Rapid decrease in survivorship later in life

a. Steady decrease in survivorship

Carrying capacity is: a. The maximum number of individuals in a population that an ecosystem can support (based on limiting resources) b. The minimum number of individuals in a population that an ecosystem can support (based on limiting resources) c. The median number of individuals in a population that an ecosystem can support (based on limiting resources) d. None of the above

a. The maximum number of individuals in a population that an ecosystem can support (based on limiting resources)

True or False: R-selected species have a high biotic potential which leads to rapid population recovery after disturbance. a. True b. False

a. True

True or False: Some R-Selected species can only reproduce once in their lives (ex. insects, fish, plants). a. True b. False

a. True

A curve with high survivorship early in life due to high parental care represents which type of curve? a. Type I b. Type II c. Type III

a. Type I

What survivorship curve is characterized by high survivorship early in life? a. Type I b. Type II c. Type III d. Type I and II

a. Type I

What is an example of an r-selected species? a. frogs b. humans c. kangaroos d. Lions

a. frogs

All are factors in IMR (Infant Mortality Rate) decline except? a. poverty b. Access to clean water c. Access to healthcare d. Reliable food supply

a. poverty

If a country has a CBR of 21 and CDR of 7, what is their Growth Rate? a. r = 1.4% b. r = 1.3% c. r = 1.2% d. r = 1.1%

a. r = 1.4%

Because specialist species have a narrower ecological niche, they are more... a. resistant to environmental changes b. prone to extinction c. invasive d. adaptable to new environments

b. prone to extinction

What happens when carrying capacity is overshot? a. the population will continue to increase b. the population begins to die-off as individuals begin to die c. the population asks mother nature to make more resources d. the population takes over the world

b. the population begins to die-off as individuals begin to die

What is the pre-reproductive age? a. 45+ b. 15-44 c. 0-14 d. 13-21

c. 0-14

Which of the following is an example of a generalist species? a. Tigers b. Pandas c. Cockroaches d. Venus flytrap

c. Cockroaches

How does industrialization allow for success of a population? a. Promotes soil fertility b. Decreases carbon emissions c. Decrease in death rate d. Little plant waste

c. Decrease in death rate

What is an example of a density dependent factor? a. Pollutants in the environment b. Climate extremes c. Food d. Natural disasters

c. Food

What is earth's human carrying capacity likely based off of? a. Limited habitat space b. Increasing temperatures c. Food production d. Predators

c. Food production

Which pyramid shape demonstrates stable, little to no growth? a. Narrowest at base b. Extreme Pyramid c. House d. Less Pyramid

c. House

What effects does low biotic potential have on a population? a. It causes a decrease in the number of offspring in a population b. It enhances the productivity of a population c. It makes it difficult for a population to recover after a disturbance, and or environmental change d. It allows for growth in the population

c. It makes it difficult for a population to recover after a disturbance, and or environmental change

What are the characteristics of a Specialist species? a. Narrow niche, adaptable to many environments b. Broad niche, less adaptable to many environments c. Narrow niche, less adaptable to many environments d. Broad niche, adaptable to many environments

c. Narrow niche, less adaptable to many environments

What does density mean? a. Number of habitats in an area b. Number of trees in a trophic level c. Number of individuals d. Number of water sources

c. Number of individuals

The three types of distribution are: a. Random, uniform, and spread b. Random, abiotic, and clumped c. Random, uniform, and clumped d. Singular, uniform, and clumped

c. Random, uniform, and clumped

Extreme population pyramid shape is... a. Slow, stable growth b. Stable, little to no growth c. Rapid growth d. Declining population

c. Rapid growth

What Stage would you consider the United States in? a. Stage 1 b. Stage 2 c. Stage 3 d. Stage 4

c. Stage 3

Which stage of population development experiences a slowing growth rate as CBR drops closer to CDR? a. Stage 1 b. Stage 2 c. Stage 3 d. Stage 4

c. Stage 3

What is the Rule of 70? a. The time it takes (in years) for a population to double is equal to the growth rate divided by 70. b. The time it takes (in years) for a population to double is equal to 70 divided by the CBR. c. The time it takes (in years) for a population to double is equal to 70 divided by the growth rate. d. The time it takes (in years) for a population to double is equal to 70 divided by the CDR.

c. The time it takes (in years) for a population to double is equal to 70 divided by the growth rate.

High mortality (low survivorship) early in life due to no parental care is a trait of... a. Type 1 b. Type 2 c. Type 3

c. Type 3

Which of the curves has the highest mortality rate early in life? a. Type I b. Type II c. Type III d. S-Curve

c. Type III

Which of the following are NOT factors of infant mortality rate decline? a. Access to clean water b. Access to healthcare (hospitals, vaccines, vitamins & supplements for moms and babies) c. Urbanization expansion d. More reliable food supply

c. Urbanization expansion

In relation to carrying capacity, overshooting is when... a. many individuals die b. there is a resource depletion c. a population briefly exceeds its carrying capacity d. the population crashes

c. a population briefly exceeds its carrying capacity

One quality of a generalist species is their... a. high extinction rates b. lack of resistance to environmental changes c. high range of tolerance d. specialized needs

c. high range of tolerance

The number of deaths of children under 1 year per 1,000 people in a population is known as the... a. total fertility rate b. replacement level fertility c. infant mortality rate d. government policy

c. infant mortality rate

What is it called when a population briefly exceeds carrying capacity? a. die-off b. fluctuate c. overshoot d. jump

c. overshoot

Having an advantage when conditions are more constant is a characteristic of what kind of species? a. indicator b. invasive c. specialist d. generalist

c. specialist

Which of the following are characteristics of a k-selected species? 1. Short life span 2. Few reproductive events 3. Long time to reproductive maturity 4. Low parental care a. 2 only b. 1 and 4 c. 1, 2, and 4 d. 2 and 3

d. 2 and 3

Total fertility rate remains high NOT due to which of the following? a. Lack of education for women & contraceptives/family planning b. Need for child agricultural labor c. Generational lag (takes time for education and societal change to spread) d. Access to water sources

d. Access to water sources

A Type III survivorship curve has: a. High mortality (low survivorship) early in life due to little to no parental care b. Few make it to midlife; slow, steady decline in survivorship in mid-life c. Even fewer make it to adulthood; slow decline in survivorship in old age d. All of the above

d. All of the above

How does development/affluence affect a nation's TFR? a. More economic opportunity for women b. More educational access for women c. Increased access to contraceptives d. All of the above

d. All of the above

K-selected survivorship curve has: a. High survivorship early in life due to high parental care b. High survivorship in mid-life due to large size and defensive behavior c. Rapid decrease in survivorship in late life as old age sets in d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What are the limiting resources that affect carrying capacity? a. Food b. Water c. Habitat d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following are examples of high-density growth? a. Higher competition b. Possibility for disease outbreak c. Possibility of depleting food source d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which species best represents the type III graph? a. plants b. Fish c. insects d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What is an example of a coercive government policy on fertility? a. China's 2 child policy b. Forced sterilization c. Tax incentives to have fewer children d. Both a & b

d. Both a & b

Why do pre industrial countries have high TFR? a. Excess water b. Lack of access to education for women c. Lack of access to contraceptives/family planning d. Both b & c

d. Both b & c

What is an example of a generalist species? a. Pandas b. Koala c. Giraffes d. Cockroaches

d. Cockroaches

Which country best represents the population pyramid above? a. United States b. Germany c. Guatemala d. India

d. India

Which is not a factor of IMR decline? a. Access to clean water b. Access to healthcare (hospitals, vaccines, vitamins, & supplements for moms and babies) c. More reliable food supply d. Later age of first pregnancy

d. Later age of first pregnancy

What are the characteristics of a K-selected species? a. Long life span, short time to reproductive maturity, absent parents b. Long life span, long time to reproductive maturity, absent parents c. Short life span, long time to reproductive maturity, present parents d. Long life span, long time to reproductive maturity, present parents

d. Long life span, long time to reproductive maturity, present parents

Which of the following is an example of a type I curve? a. Birds b. Insects c. Vertebrate d. Mammals

d. Mammals

All of the following are characteristics of K-selected species except? a. Few offspring b. Lots of parenting c. Long lifespan d. More likely to be invasive

d. More likely to be invasive

Which population pyramid expresses a declining population? a. Extreme pyramid shape b. Less extreme pyramid c. House d. Narrowest at base

d. Narrowest at base

What does the shape of this graph indicate about the population? a. Expanding rapidly b. Expanding slowly c. Declining d. Stable

d. Stable

During what stage of population development does the population growth become stable? a. Stage 1 b. Stage 2 c. Stage 3 d. Stage 4

d. Stage 4

What does Die-off refer to? a. The lack of change in a population size when resource depletion leads to some individuals dying. b. The sharp increase in population size when resource depletion leads to some individuals dying. c. The slight decrease in population size when resource depletion leads to some individuals dying. d. The sharp decrease in population size when resource depletion leads to many individuals dying.

d. The sharp decrease in population size when resource depletion leads to many individuals dying.

Why are population pyramids important? a. They are false information and not important. b. They're only used for levels of biodiversity. c. They show different types of species in an environment. d. They can reflect a nation's past health and help to predict future population trends or patterns.

d. They can reflect a nation's past health and help to predict future population trends or patterns.

The average number of children a woman in a population will bear throughout her lifetime is: a. Infant growth rate b. Replacement Level Fertility c. Age of first child d. Total Fertility Rate

d. Total Fertility Rate

What is a characteristic of a specialist species? a. Narrow niche b. Use specific resources c. Less adaptable d. All of the above

d. all of the above

What is one reason why more developed countries often experience lower TFR rates? a. more educational access for women b. more economic opportunity for women c. higher access to family planning education & contraceptives d. all of the above

d. all of the above

In reference to a population, what does density describe? a. the number of food sources available b. how individuals in a population are spaced out compared to each other c. the ratio of males to females in the population d. the number of individuals in a specific area

d. the number of individuals in a specific area

List the highest to the lowest growth rate.

India > US > China > Germany

What three factors does a higher income level in women lower the total fertility rate?

More access to contraceptives, family planning, and education/economic opportunities leads to a lower infant mortality rate, leading to a lower total fertility rate.

At a 5% growth rate, it'll take ___ years for the population to double. a. 20 b. 14 c. 18 d. 16

b. 14

According to population pyramids, the reproductive age group includes people between the ages of... a. 0-14 b. 15-44 c. 45+ d. Any age

b. 15-44

What is the ideal sex ratio of males to females? a. 25:75 b. 50:50 c. 75:25 d. 0:100

b. 50:50

Describe exponential growth. a. Initial rapid growth b. Biotic potential curve c. Sigmoid curve d. Limiting factors occur later

b. Biotic potential curve

What is an example of a type II species. a. Humans b. Birds c. Trees d. Insects

b. Birds

Older deer starving with too many new fawns feeding in spring is an example of which of the following? a. Overshoot b. Die-off c. Exponential growth d. Carrying capacity

b. Die-off

True or False: In a predator-prey relationship, if the predator is struck down with a virus, the prey will not be affected at all. a. True B. False

b. False

Which species are less prone to extinction and more likely to be invasive? a. Specialist b. Generalists c. Keystone d. Indicator

b. Generalists

What is the key economic indicator of the standard of living? a. Infant mortality rate b. Gross Domestic Product c. Clean water d. Life expectancy

b. Gross Domestic Product

All are associated with industrialized/developed countries except? a. Low TFR b. High TFR c. Very high GDP d. Very low DR & IMR

b. High TFR

Which of the following is true of specialist species? a. Broad niche b. Higher chance of becoming extinct c. Adaptable to many environments d. Skills that are varied

b. Higher chance of becoming extinct

Which of the following is a factor that increases population growth? a. Increased access to the internet b. Increased access to clean water c. Increased access to contraceptives d. Increased access to education for women

b. Increased access to clean water

If the amount of food or resources available increases, the carrying capacity for an animal: a. Stays the same b. Increases c. Decreases d. Fluctuates

b. Increases

Which is not a factor that decreases the population growth rate? a. High death rate b. Low infant mortality rate c. Increased development (education & affluence) d. Increased education for women e. Delayed age of first child

b. Low infant mortality rate

_______: is when a population briefly exceeds carrying capacity. a. Die-off b. Overshoot c. Survivorship d. None of the above

b. Overshoot

What is an example of a Specialist species? a. Raccoon b. Panda c. Cockroaches d. Cats

b. Panda

Which of the following are more likely to be an invasive species? a. K-selected b. R-selected c. Type II d. None of the above

b. R-selected

During what stage of population development does the population growth initially skyrocket? a. Stage 1 b. Stage 2 c. Stage 3 d. Stage 4

b. Stage 2

Which stage of population development experiences rapid growth due to high CBR and declining CDR? a. Stage 1 b. Stage 2 c. Stage 3 d. Stage 4

b. Stage 2

When a population grows past the ecosystem's carrying capacity, what happens to the population? a. The population continues to grow b. The population starts to die off to return to carrying capacity c. The population will stay the same d. The population grows then finds a new carrying capacity

b. The population starts to die off to return to carrying capacity

A curve with a steadily decreasing survivorship throughout life represents which type of curve? a. Type I b. Type II c. Type III

b. Type II

Being adaptable to many environments is a characteristic of what kind of species? a. specialist b. generalist c. indicator d. carnivores

b. generalist