APES UNIT 4

Circulation patterns observed in the ocean's surface waters are driven by

wind

This picture looks down on a mountain range that illustrates the phenomenon known as "The Rain Shadow Effect". Based on the information from the image, identify the correct wind direction.

B

The first soil horizon to develop from bedrock is the

C horizon

The soil horizon that has undergone the LEAST amount of weathering is the

C horizon

Which processes lead to the formation of clay particles that are characteristic of the B horizon of soil?

Chemical weathering and leaching

Which type of rock is formed from cooling magma?

Igneous

The layer of Earth that is broken into plates is called the

Lithosphere

Which of the following occurs at a subduction zone and is the deepest location on the planet?

Mariana Trench

Correctly identify the soil horizons in order from 1 to 4.

O-A-E-B-C

The shifting and movement of​ the lithosphere over the top of the asthenosphere is known as what?

Plate tectonics

A tsunami would MOST likely result from seismic activity in which of the following places?

Surrounding the Phillippines

The prevailing wind patterns are a result of the Coriolis effect and the Earth's rotation. Which of the following is the correct name for the winds that have originated in the southwest?

Westerlies

Which of the following BEST describes the composition of the Earth's atmosphere?

a layer of gases that surround the Earth which absorbs radiation and moderates climate

Where do earthquakes occur?

along all types of plate boundaries

All of the following statements about patterns of temperature and precipitation are true

along the earths surface, the air of a Hadley Cell moves away from the equator

The map above depicts the temperature anomalies in the Pacific Ocean in January 2016. What is the map depicting?

an el nino event has developed in the pacific ocean

Climate is defined by which of the following?

average temperature and precipitation over a 30-year period

The temperature at or near Earth's surface is LEAST influenced by

geothermal energy from earths interior

What can be concluded about a soil sample that produces a 0.5 inch ribbon using the ribbon test?

high permeability

Which of the following BEST describes insolation?

incoming solar radiation

A tsunami can result from all of the following EXCEPT

intense global winds

Which type of soil texture is the MOST desirable for farming?

loam

What type of rock results after a protolith experiences extreme conditions?

metamorphic

The convergence of a continental plate and oceanic crust can result in all of the following EXCEPT

mid ocean ridge

The layers of Earth's atmosphere have different compositions. Which of the following is the predominant gas in the troposphere?

nitrogen

The troposphere is the closest atmospheric layer, extending approximately 10 miles above the Earth's surface. Based on its location, which of the following three gases are the MOST abundant in the troposphere?

nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor

Sand, silt, and clay soil textures are differentiated by which physical property?

particle size

A trench may form as a result of lithospheric plate interactions in which

plates collide

Which of the following can create divides between adjoining watersheds?

ridges

Subduction may result in the formation of all of the following EXCEPT

rift valleys

Scientists assess the permeability of various soil types. They find a positive correlation between particle size and permeability. Based on their results, which of the following soil types is the MOST permeable?

sand

Using the pyramid above, what is the soil texture for the sample of soil tested?

sandy clay loam

Which of the following types of soil will have the BEST drainage?

sandy loam

Which of the following is caused by the upward movement of magma at the Mid-Atlantic ridge?

seafloor spreading

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between solar radiation and latitude pictured in the diagram above?

section B of the diagram depicts more intense solar radiation at the equator due to a smaller surface area of light striking the surface

Which rock type is largely formed through interactions of Earth's lithosphere with the hydrosphere and biosphere?

sedimentary

Which of the following types of soil is present if it contains 20%clay, 60% silt, and 20% sand?

silt loam

Which of the following soil types has the greatest ability to hold onto nutrients?

silty clay

Based on the soil texture triangle, which of the following types of soil did the student have?

silty clay loam

Which of the following characteristics would help a hydrologist to determine the percentage of water in a watershed that is taken into groundwater storage?

slope and soil type

Earthquakes occur periodically along fault lines. In between such earthquake events at a transform boundary, the lithospheric plates are

storing potential energy as a result of plates encountering resistance as they try to pass each other

Which of the following layers of the Earth's atmosphere has increasing temperatures as the altitude increases?

stratosphere

What type of fault pictured above would be found at a boundary where earthquakes occur?

strike-slip fault

Which of the following processes involves one lithospheric plate sinking beneath another lithospheric plate?

subduction

All of the following can occur at a divergent plate boundary EXCEPT

subduction zone

All of the following can occur at a transform fault boundary EXCEPT

subduction zone

The MOST common cause of a tsunami is

sudden displacement of water due to seafloor earthquakes

Each of the following choices is a likely consequence of deforestation EXCEPT

the O-horizon of the soil profile will increase in thickness

The Earth experiences seasons due to

the angle of Earth relative to the sun

Which of the following aspects of the Mississippi watershed would be MOST concerning in connection to this proposal?

the area of the watershed

Functions of the atmosphere include all of the following EXCEPT

the atmosphere acts independently of earths other spheres

In order to find land that may be suitable for agriculture, humans would historically look for which characteristic?

the location of the floodplain

Which of the following ocean events is caused directly by the Coriolis effect?

the ocean conveyor belt

Which of the following is NOT true of a La Niña event?

the sea surface cools in the western tropical pacific

Which of the following occurs during an El Niño event?

the sea surface warms in the central and eastern tropical pacific

Which of the following statements explains the atmospheric convection current between 0∘ to 30∘?

the warm moist air will rise and the cold dense air will sink

The Santa Ana winds can exacerbate forest fires in southern California. All of the following are true of these winds EXCEPT

they gain speed as they move from lower to higher elevation

Which of the following causes seasonal variability in temperature and precipitation?

tilt of the earths axis

An earthquake along the San Andreas Fault in California would be associated with a

transform boundary

Which of the following biomes features soils with the LEAST amount of humus?

tropical rainforest

In which layer of the atmosphere does weather occur?

troposphere

Which of the following layers of the atmosphere is considered the Earth's "blanket"?

troposphere

Which of the following correctly states the order of the layers in Earth's atmosphere as one moves away from the Earth's surface?

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exophere

Many species of fish prefer to live in waterways with gentle currents. Which of the following characteristics of watersheds would a wildlife biologist look at to determine if an area is suitable for species like this?

type of vegetation in watershed

The west coast of major continents supports five of the most productive marine fisheries in the world. Which of the following BEST explains this phenomenon?

upwellings support the most productive fisheries

When considering the protection of watersheds, which of the following characteristics would be the MOST influential if the goal is to help ensure the protection of endangered species?

vegetation type

Which of the following earth process occurs mostly along plate boundaries?

volcanism

The city of New York has chosen to protect the area of upstate New York in the Catskill Region as it provides naturally filtered water to the millions of residents of Manhattan and other boroughs. This protected region is best known as a(n)

watershed

Which of the following rock cycle processes plays the GREATEST role in soil formation?

weathering

Which of the following causes the temperature increase through the stratosphere?

03 absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the sun

On average, what is the depth of topsoil produced over a time span of 100 years?

1 millimeter

Which of the following is the average amount of clay found in a loam mixture?

20%

Which of the following statements is correct about the collected sample?

400ml is clay

Refer to the map and select the one lettered choice that best answers each question or best fits each statement. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all within the question set. Frequently hypoxic.

A

The above graph shows the solar insolation (amount of solar energy over a given surface area of Earth) at various latitudes on the Earth at different times of the year. Each line is a different latitude. Which line represents the equator?

A

Correctly identify the latitudes based on their location relative to Hadley Cell Circulation.

A-0 B-90

What causes hurricanes in the Southern Hemisphere to spin in the opposite direction as hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere?

Coriolis Effect

The deflection of global wind trajectories due to the rotation of the Earth is known as

Coriolis effect

Refer to the map and select the one lettered choice that best answers each question or best fits each statement. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all within the question set. Area of declining human population.

D

Refer to the map and select the one lettered choice that best answers each question or best fits each statement. A choice may be used once, more than once,​ or not at all within the question set. Divergent plate boundary.

E

Which answer choice correctly matches the horizon name with its composition?

E Horizon

Which of the following is NOT a process that contributes to the formation of residual soil?

Erosion

Which of the following is NOT an example of a volcanic island arc formed by subduction?

Hawaii

Which of the following soil types can hold the MOST water?

clay

Which of the following types of soil is present if it contains 70% clay and 30% sand?

clay

During an El Niño period, an oceanic event known as upwelling is altered along the coast of Peru. The winds have shifted and weakened, suppressing the cold nutrient-rich water. This results in warmer ocean surface temperatures compared to normal. Which of the following climatic changes would occur in Peru due to this event?

coastal flooding

Which of the following BEST describes the waters in an upwelling?

cold and nutrient-rich

Which of the following do NOT accurately describe the relationship between El Niño and disease?

el nino causes some areas to be warmer than normal, promoting environments ideal for birds, and therefore disease trasmission

Less solar radiation reaches Earth's surface at higher latitudes, in part because it must pass through more of the atmosphere. In what way does the atmosphere interfere with insolation?

energy is reflected,absorbed, and scattered by atmospheric gases

Which of the following can result from the convergence of two continental plates?

formation of mountains