APES Unit $ 13

The intraplate location where hot-spot volcanism is occurring

A

Most oxygen is found in this layer of the atmosphere.

Troposphere

Region that contains the majority of molecules in the atmosphere

Troposphere

The phenomenon causing global warming occurs primarily in this region of the atmosphere.

Troposphere

Desalination is used to supply much of this region with freshwater.

D

The rapid rate of this process in tropical forests results in low-nutrient soils

Decomposition

The location where one tectonic plate is being forced beneath another, creating a volcanic arc.

E

The high sea surface temperature in 1998 was most likely due to

El Nino

Which of the following shows the approximate concentration of CO2 , N2 , and O2 in dry air?

<1 78 21

Of the following, which is the most likely composition of the soil sample? (a lot of drops coming from soil mixture)

10 10 80

Which of the following would be the best control sample for the study?

A sample of water collected just downstream of the northern forest

Area where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary

B

At which of the following sites would activity result in volcanoes, island arcs, and mountains?

B

Area that exhibits a growing nonvolcanic mountain chain due to uplift

C

At which of the following sites is an earthquake most likely to occur as two plates slide sideways past each other?

C

Region with the lowest atmospheric pressure

Exosphere

Reasons that human populations historically have settled in floodplains include which of the following?

I, II, and II

El Niño, a periodic warming of ocean surface waters, occurs in which of the following regions?

Tropical East Pacific

The most abundant element in Earth's atmosphere

Nitrogen

The water-holding capacity of soil is LEAST likely to be affected by the addition of which of the following?

Pesticide

Which soil indicated on the soil triangle above would most likely have the highest water-holding capacity?

Soil C

Which of the following best describes why the engineer chose to calculate the permeability of the soil sample in the experimental design in order to evaluate a natural containment system to protect groundwater?

Soils that have low permeability would best help protect groundwater because the soil traps pollutants so that chemical and biological breakdown can occur.

Which of the following is the source of energy driving the circulation pattern labeled C in the diagram?

Solar Radiation

The beneficial ozone layer is in this region of the atmosphere.

Stratosphere

Which of the following areas receives the most intense solar radiation at the time of year shown in the diagram, and why?

The Tropic of Capricorn, because this latitude is nearly horizontal to incoming solar radiation.

Which of the following is true about the region of Earth's atmosphere known as the stratosphere?

The highest concentration of naturally occurring ozone forms in this layer.

Which of the following should be included in a watershed map to best determine the non-point source of a pollutant, such as fertilizer, found in a river?

The land use upstream of the river and water quality indicators in streams that run downstream into the river

Which of the following factors is fundamentally responsible for seasons on Earth?

The tilt of Earth's axis of rotation

In the desert regions of the southwestern United States, daily high and low temperatures will frequently fluctuate by 40°F (33°C) or more. Which statement below best explains the large variation in temperature?

There are no bordering oceans or large bodies of water to provide a stabilizing humidity to the air.

Based on the data in the diagrams, in which layer of the atmosphere would shortwave radio signals be reflected?

Thermosphere

Which of the following explains the variable that would be the best for students to measure to determine the direct impact of soil erosion caused by the construction project on the river?

Turbidity

A student group is involved in a restoration study of a nearby disturbed area. They decide to collect six soil samples and analyze them for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Two of the samples are found to be very high in C and N, but the other four samples are low in both. The students also notice that the color of the two soil samples that are high in C and N is very dark. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of the data?

Two of the samples were collected from an A horizon, and the others were collected from a B horizon.

Brown pelicans are fish-eating birds. As a result of an El Niño event, the population of brown pelicans in southern California declines. Which of the following best explains the relationship between the El Niño event and the population decline?

Warmer ocean temperatures can cause fish to move to colder water farther from pelican nest sites.