APHG

Describe the similarities and differences in the spatial organization of cities in Western Europe and North America in terms of the following aspects. (2 points for each aspect. Discussion MUST include similarities and differences in BOTH Western Europe and North America. 1 point is awarded for EACH area in the discussion.) Geographic size Height and design of buildings in central business district Public space Patterns of economic class Ethnic neighborhoods

Geographic size- The cities in North America are larger and more spread out than cities in Western Europe. Although there are some cities in NA that resemble those in WE because they were built before the invention of cars and they had to be smaller and more compact in order to get places easier. Height and design of buildings in central business district- Since NA is a newer nation, the design of the buildings tend to me more on the modern side. The height of the tend to be very high. In WE, the buildings are older and more historical and tend to be not as tall as the buildings in NA because of the lack of technology at the time the buildings were built Public space Patterns of economic class Ethnic neighborhoods

Briefly discuss the role of English in TWO of the following countries today Germany Japan Nigeria

Germany- English plays an important role in Germany's participation in the global economy. Germany plays a major role in the economy of the European Union. Since there are multiple languages used in the EU, English is commonly used among the countries for business, therefore English is the language used for business in Germany Japan- English is the main language used for business and trade among nations. Although the Japanese language is extremely important to Japan's identity and culture, the English language is crucial for the success of Japan's economy and it's role in the global/world economy. Nigeria- The British ruled Nigeria before they became independent. As a result, English is the language spoken in Nigeria during the British's colonization of the country. Now, there are many tribes and the cultural differences make it hard for Nigeria to unite as a country and for the people to communication; therefore, English is used as the common language in order for the different tribes to communicate and unite.

Identify and discuss TWO reasons for the current rate of diffusion of English as the lingua franca

Mass media- movies, advertising, music, social media. Most of it is based in the United States; therefore, English is the language of communications and social media. These aspects are in the lives of most people and they influence their lives. Business and banking- English is the language used for international business and banking. That is why English has spread throughout the world. Internet- the use of technology to spread information is facilitating the spread of the English language. Being the dominant language of the internet, English is accessible to anyone who logs onto the internet Travel/tourism- many people travel to foreign countries, a lot of them being English- speakers. This allows for the diffusion of the English language and an explanation of why the English language is so globally used.

Lingua Franca

a language used as a common means of communication, especially in trade, business interactions, in places where many languages are spoken. ex. English, Swahili in East Africa