APHG Unit 2-2 Migration pp76-109 Rubenstein
intraregional migration
define: movement within one region, within urban areas from older cities to suburbs. example: mexico city
interregional migration
define: one region to another, ususally rural to urban in search of jobs example: oklahoma to california coast
internal migration
define: permanent move within same country. example:east coast to west coast
international migration
define: permanent ove from one country to another example: mexico to united states https://blog.richmond.edu/livesofmaps/files/2013/11/21.jpg
net migration
diffrence between number of immigrants and emigrants
describe modern interregional migration flow in Canada p88
east to western providences
Ravenstein #11 (economic factors)
economic causes are most common push & pull factors... why?
list push/pull factors (p92) contributing to that colonial era immigration (p84) to the US
economic: political: social:
list push/pull factors (p92) encouraging that Modern/Cold War Age immigration to the US (p85)
economic: political: social:
list push/pull factors (p92) encouraging that Gilded Age/Industrial Age immigration to the US (pp84-85)
economic: political: social: rapid population increase in scandinavia
from what countries do remittance workers in the US come from? p97
el salvador, honduras, haiti, jamacia
intervening obstacles
a feature that hindders migration
mobility
a general term covering all types of movements from one place to another.
floodplain
area subject to historical flooding
largest ethnic groups to migrate to the US in each migrational era
colonial age: Europe gilded age: Irish modern age:Mexico
forced (involuntary) migration
define: migrant compelled to move by cultural or enviromental factors example:mexico to us
p94 describe some environmental push & pull factors
push: pull:
in 2014, the UNHCR counted how many refugees, IDPs, and asylum seekers?
refugees 19.5m IDPs 38.2 asylum seekers 1.8
circulation
repetitive movements that occur regurarly.
types of mobility
short-term, repetitive, cyclical, seasonal
undocumented immigrants
term preferred by those which seek to protect unauthorized workers and their rights
illegal aliens
term preferred by those which seek to restrict # of unauthorized workers flowing into the US and use legal means to return thos individuals to their original country
relocation diffusion
the spread of an idea through the physical movement of people from one place to another
describe the use of Ellis Island as an immigration processing center
used between 1892 and 1954, 12 million immigrants entered the US thru Ellis Island into NYC
describe the 2 main groups immigrating to the US during the colonial era (p84)
voluntary [1] Europeans forced [2] Slaves
counterurbanization
when more immigrate into rural than urban areas
Ravenstein stated that more migrants are young adults than children or elderly... has this turned out to be true for Central American migrants to the US?
young adults: yes elderly:less likely due to smaller part of work force children:21 percent.
Ravenstein #7 (males vs females or families)
young single males are more likely to travel internationally than children, families or elderly... why?
E. G. Ravenstein
Theory (7+4 rules/laws) of Migration (1880s)... order of rules not important check this out: https://prezi.com/hsxcoqtdw_q6/ravensteins-11-laws-of-migration/
how many unauthorized immigrants are estimated to be in the US today in 2016? why did the flow of migration into the US drop after 2008?
-about 12 million -US had an economic recession in 2008, decreasing jobs & opportunities here, so # of migrants to US dropped
migration
A permanent move to a new location
desertification
Drying of land due to human factors
according to p80 map & p81 chart, which countries & world regions have high net in-migration?
Australia, North America, Western Europe Russia.
why do many regions and industries favor allowing unauthorized immigrants to stay in the US?
Because they account for approximately 5 percent of the labor force.
why do unauthorized immigrants try to have their children born in the US?
Because they will be legal citizens.
which states contain the most unauthorized immigrants? which states have the highest % of unauthorized immigrants? p101
CA and TX for number. NA for percentage
List 4 largest US state recipients of immigration today
CA, NY, FL, TX
unauthorized immigrants
Those who migrate without proper documentation
explain why Africa has such severe problems with desertification p95
Droughts
Ravenstein #5 (counter-migration)
Each migration flow produces/causes a counter flow migration... how/why?
what push/pull factors (p92) contributed to settlers crossing the Appalachians 1800-1840? p86
Economic pull of cheap land. Economic pull of cheap building supplies
describe the main ethnic groups immigrating to the US during the Gilded Age, 1870s-1920s (pp84-85)
Irish, German, Scandinavian, Souhern and Eastern Europe
voluntary migration
define: migrant has chosen to move, usually for economic reasons but also can be enviromental example: mexico to us
describe modern interregional migration flow in Brazil pp88-89
Government attemted to bring population inland by moving capital in 1960s
refugee
Has been forced to migrate to avoid conflict, violence and disaster
Ravenstein #3 (Gravity Model)
If migrants do move a longer distance, they are more likely to travel to large cities (Gravity Model)... why?
(IDP) internally displaced person
Migrated for similar reasons to the refugees but has not crossed a boarder
Ravenstein #2 (reasons for migration)
Migration is step-by-step and can be described by push & pull factors (Lee's Model)... why?
use pp87 map... in which state is US Center of Population today?
Missouri... CofP has moved W and S over time because of migration trends to W and S from NE and MW
Is interregional migration more or less likely in the large "mega" states?
More likely due to large country
Ravenstein #1 (distance decay)
Most migrants travel shorter rather than longer distances (distance decay)... why?
Ravenstein #4 (rural to urban)
Most migration is rural to urban (urbanization)... why?
describe modern interregional migration flow in Russia pp88-89
Mostly western population but government attempted to move population
use the chart on p87, and describe the main flows of interregional migration between the 4 subregions of the US
NE: moves down south S:moves across appilachias MW:settled by northeast after tech advancement W:from midwest settlers due to gold rush
why does the Middle East have such a high net in-migration?
Oil workers
what push/pull factors (p92) contributed to settlers filling up the Great Plains 1900-1940? p87
Pull of advanced agricultural technology. Pull of liveability Pull of land grants.
what push/pull factors (p92) contributed to settlers pushing westward 1850-1890? p86
Pull of gold rush. Push of unfarmable great plains.
what push/pull factors (p92) contributed to Americans moving towards the South? p87
Pull of job opportunities Pull of warmer climate Push of colder enviroment.
why is there such an increase of children into the US from Central America recently? p101, 99
Pushed out of Latin American countries due to gang violence and pulled by being told that they won't be caught.
describe immigration quota laws
Put a maximum limit on number of immigrants per year
Ravenstein's Theory (7+4 rules) of Migration
Ravenstein described patterns of European migrations during 1870s-1890s... although many lists h 7 rules, there were eventually 11
why is there strong in-migration to Southwest Asia (Middle East)? p97
oil producers and workers
describe modern interregional migration flow in China pp88-89
Rural to urban along the east coast.
what were the 2 sources for the most refugees in 2014?
Somalia and afghanistan
asylum seeker
Someone who has migrated in hopes of being recognized as a refugee.
according to p80 map & p81 chart, which countries & world regions have high net out-migration?
South Asia, Latin America, Africa, Russia, South America
what massive international flow of (refugee) migration is not mentioned because it started after textbook was printed?
Syrian Refugee Crisis
how has Irish migration changed in the last 100 years? p96
The migratin net is now in
UNHCR p92
UN high commission of refugees.
what 4 countries have the highest net in-migration?
US, Russia, Australia, Canada
remittances
Wages sent back home by a migrant worker
Zelinsky's Mobility Transition Model
What does Zelinsky say about migration? Stage 1 = High daily or seasonal mobility in search of food. Stage 2 = High international emigration and interregional migration from rural to urban areas. Stage 3 = High international immigration and intraregional migration from cities to suburbs. Stage 4 = Same as 3 Stage 5 =
list the 3 main eras of immigration into the US p84
[1] Colonial Settlement [2] Mass european immigration in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. [3] Asian and Latin American immigration in late twentieth and early twenty first centuries
3 types of political forced migration p92
[1] Refugees [2] Internally Dispaced Person [3] Asylum Seeker
which groups are given preferential treatment in coming to the US legally?
[1] individuals with family members already in US = family reunification [2] highly skilled workers = desired skills [3] individuals from countries that historically sent fewer people to the US = diversity
Name the 5 largest countries in land area
[1]Russia [2]Canada [3]China [4]USA [5]Brazil
Ravenstein stated that most international migrants were men, but female migrants from Central America to the US are now the majority... why?
[1]women in the us labor force [2]wives joining husbands [3]changing role of women in mexico
Ravenstein #6 (families vs singles)
families are less likely to make international migrations than single adults... why?
3 largest flows of international migration, according to textbook
from Latin America to US/Canada from South Asia to Europe from South Asia to Middle East (SW Asia)
according to Zelinsky's Migration Transition Model, immigrants began to come to the US when their home country entered which stage?
immigration to US during Stage: 2
Ravenstein #8 (technological advances)
improvements & advances in technology, communication & transportation increase migrations... why?
what countries/regions are the greatest recipients of remittance payments from their workers in host countries? p97
india china and tajikiistan
pull factor
induces people to move into a new location.
push factor
induces people to move out of their present location
primary type of intraregional migration? p86 primary type of interregional migration? p86
intraregional: urban to suburban, suburban to urban interregional: rural to urban, crowded to less crowded
describe the main ethnic groups immigrating to the US during the Modern/Cold War Age, 1950s-2000s (p85)
latin america, asia
Ravenstein #9 (males vs females)
males are more likely than females to migrate internationally, females are more likely to migrate internally than internationally... why?
what region of the world has the most migrants? p96
mexico
how do Canada and the US treat refugees & economic migrants differently? p96
migrants are viewed as government leeches and refugees are veiwed as having a valid excuse
emigration
migration from a location.
Ravenstein #10 (industry & opportunity)
migration increases as industry, transportation & opportunity increases... why?
immigration
migration to a location.
Lee's Theory of Migration
migrations are caused by economic, political & social push & pull factors
negative net migration
more emigrants (out) than immigrants (in)
positive net migration
more immigrants (in) than emigrants (out)
p93 describe the Trail of Tears forced migration
native american migration of 5 tribes on the east coast to midwest.
