Appendicular Muscles - Upper Limb (chapter 11)

Flexor digitorum profundus

*action* -flexes phalanges (not thumb)

Flexor pollicis longus

*action* -flexes pollex

Pronator teres

-inserts on forearm -origin: medical epicondyle on humerus *action* -pronates

Flexor carpi ulnaris

-inserts: carpals -origin: medical epicondyle on humerus *action* -flexes wrist -adducts wrist

moves the pectoral girdle

-origin: axial skeleton -insertion: clavicle or scapula

moves the arm at the shoulder

-origin: clavicle/scapula -insertion: humerus

moves the forearm at the elbow

-origin: humerus -insertion: radius/ulna

Flexor carpi radialis

-origin: medical epicondyle on humerus *action* -abducts wrist

moves the digits

-origin: radius/ulna -insertion: phalanges

moves hand at the wrist

-origin: radius/ulna/humerus -insertion: carpals/metacarpals

Forearm Muscle Compartments move hand @ wrist move the digits

Deep anterior: flexor Superficial anterior: flexor Posterior: extensor

Arm muscle compartments move arm @ shoulder move forearm @ allow

Humerus Anterior compartments: - flexors Posterior compartments: - extensor

Biceps brachii move the arm @ shoulder move the forearm @ elbow

actions at shoulder and elbow joint -muscle crosses both joints short head: attaches to coracoid process long head: runs up through the bicipital groove -insert: scapula (crossing shoulder joint) -insert: radial tuberosity (crossing elbow joint) *actions* -flexes forearm -flexes arm -long head stabilizes shoulder joint

Tendon Sheath & Ligament at wrist Flexor Retinaculum

covers all tendons at wrist each tendon is covered with flexor tendon sheath to reduce friction

Triceps brachii move arm @ shoulder move forearm @ elbow

crosses shoulder joint and elbow joint medial head lateral head long head: crosses shoulder joint -attaches to scapula all insert on ulna *actions* -extends forearm -adducts arm (long head only)

Extensor retinaculum Extensor tendon sheath

dorsal

Snuffbox

extend and abduct thumb: extensor polices longus tendon extensor polices brevis tendon

extends the hand

extensor carpi radialis longus extonsor carpi raidlais brevis extnsor carpi ulnaris

brachioradialis

flexes forearm

action performs by most muscles located in the anterior compartment of the forearm

flexion

adduction at the wrist involves

flexor carpi ulnaris & extensor carpi ulnaris

flexes phalanges (2-5)

flexor digitor profundus flexor digitorum superficialis

Subscapularis

group 2 on anterior side -origin: subscapular fossa -insert: humerus *action* -medial rotates the arm

Latissimus dorsi

group 2 -origin: on vertebrae column and scapula -insert: inside/medial humerus *actions* -extends arm -adducts arm

Teres Major

move the arm @ the shoulder -origin: scapula -inserts: front of humerus *action* -medially rotates arm

Coracobrachialis

move the arm @ the shoulder crosses shoulder joint -origin: coracoid process of the scapula -insert: humerus *actions* -adducts arm -flexes arm at the shoulder

Rotator cuff muscles

move the arm @ the shoulder helps stabilize shoulder joint all 4 muscles insert on humerus 1) supraspinatus 2) infraspinatus 3) subscapularis 4) teres minor

Deltoid

move the arm @ the shoulder lateral part of shoulder -origin: spine of scapula attaches to anterior side of clavicle -inserts: humerus *action* -abducts humerus

Pectoralis Major

move the arm @ the shoulder lies under breast -origin: sternum and clavicle -insert: humerus *actions* -adducts arm -medially rotates arm

Teres Minor

move the arm @ the shoulder on posterior side -origin: -insert: humerus *action* -holds humeral head in glenoid fossa -lateral rotation of humerus

Infraspinatus

move the arm @ the shoulder on posterior side -origin: infraspinous fossa -insert: humerus *action* -holds humeral head in glenoid fossa -lateral rotation of humerus

Supraspinatus

move the arm @ the shoulder on posterior side -origin: supraspinous fossa -insert: humerus *action* -holds humeral head in glenoid fossa -lateral rotation of humerus

Extensor indicis

move the digits *action* -extends phalanges of digit (index)

Extensor pollicis longus and brevis

move the digits *action* -extends phalanges of pollex

Supinator

move the digits *action* -supinates forearm

Abductor pollicis longus

move the digits *action* -abducts phalanges of pollex

Brachialis

move the forearm @ elbow crosses elbow joint *action* -flexion of forearm

Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis

move the hand @ wrist *action* -extends hand at wrist -abducts hand at wrist

Extensor carpi ulnaris

move the hand @ wrist *action* -extends hands -adducts hand at wrist

Extensor digitorum

move the hand @ wrist *action* -extends phalanges

Extensor digiti minimi

move the hand @ wrist *action* -extends pinky

Pectoralis Minor

move the pectoral girdle *actions* -depresses scapula -protracts scapula

Serratus Anterior

move the pectoral girdle -inserts: individual segment on one of the ribs *action* -protracts scapula

Levator Scapulae

move the pectoral girdle -origin: higher on spinal column -inserts: scapula *action* -elevates scapula and depresses scapula

Rhomboid

move the pectoral girdle -origin: inferior on spinal column *action* -retracts scapula

Trapezius

move the pectoral girdle extends from occipital bone to the scapula to the spine *actions* -elevates scapula and clavicle -retracts scapula

Appendicular muscles

muscles *originate* on a *proximal* segment muscles *insert* on a *distal* segment - only pull, not push - crosses a joint

Carpal Tunnel

passageway between a bend and the carpals -inflammation of carpal tunnel builds pressure on median nerves which causes tingly sensation

Eva Marie is a boxer! She goes and trains at her gym to properly prepare for her competitions against other boxers. Her last match consisted of her throwing five punches in a row and resulted in a knock out. Which of the following muscles were used to perform a punch if we are discussing movement at the level of the SHOULDER joint?

pectoralis minor

medially rotate arm

pectorals major teres major

what muscle retracts the scapula

rhomboid minor

medial rotators

subscapularis

lateral rotators

suprainsatus, infrapsinatus, teres minor

Palmaris longus

tendon ends at base of palm not everyone has one -origin: medical epicondyle on humerus *action* -flexes wrist

Flexor digitorum superficialis

tendon goes to tip of phalanges -origin: medical epicondyle on humerus *action* -flexes phalanges (not thumb)