Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) - RBT Studies

Topography

Physical form or shape of a behavior Example: Problematic behavior = tantrums -> ___________ = crying, screaming, throwing body on floor

Repeatability, Temporal locus, & Temporal Extent

Behavior has 3 properties. What are they?

D. The risk of counterfeiting the product.

5. The main issue with permanent product is ______________. A. The inaccuracy of data B. The cost of implementation C. The possibility of reactivity D. The risk of counterfeiting the product.

D. 70%

7. The RBT is writing data while running an acquisition(teaching a skill) program. The child is learning how to identify items of the same color out of an array of 5 picture cards. The child successfully identifies the cards 7 times out of 10 total trials. What is the percentage? A. 65% B. 10% C. 7% D. 70%

False

7. The RBT must decide whether to use permanent product to collect data. True False

Percentage

A ratio made by combining the same dimensional quantities (time/time) (count/count) Example: A student answers 40 questions out of 50 correctly on an exam. 40/50 = 0.08*100 = 80%

Continuously or Discontinuously

Behavior can be measured?

Partial-Interval

Behavior that is recorded if it occurs AT ALL during the interval

Momentary

Behavior that is recorded if it occurs at THE END of the interval

Whole-Interval

Behavior that is recorded if it occurs during the ENTIRE interval

A. BCBA should recommend continuous measurement procedure

Betty lives with her son Billy who has a diagnosis of ASD and receives behavior analysis services at school. Betty just had a consultation with Billy's BCBA at school who asked her to take data at home on skin picking. If Betty also must do chores and make dinner, which is the LEAST appropriate statement? A. BCBA should recommend continuous measurement procedure B. BCBA should recommend a discontinuous measurement procedure C. BCBA should train Betty how to collect data D. BCBA should model momentary time sampling for Betty

A measure of how rates of responding change over time. (the acceleration or deceleration of a behavior over time) Examples: Acceleration of behavior: rates of response are 20 per minute on Monday and 40 per minute the next Monday Deceleration of behavior: rates of responding are 40 per minute the first Monday and are 20 per minute the next Monday

Celeration

Event Recording & Timing

Continuous measurement procedure are?

The number of occurrences of the defined behavior Examples: # of correct and incorrect responses on a written math exam # of times girl raises hand during class session

Count

Repeatability of behavior can be measured using which dimensional quantities?

Count, Frequency, & Celeration

C. Timing

Dan is an RBT and his supervisor instructed him to collect data by measuring the amount of time the client takes to begin a task after an instruction is verbally stated. What is the measurement procedure being used by Dan when he follows his supervisors directives? A. Time Sampling B. Discontinuous Measurement C. Timing D. Event Recording

Percentage & Trial to Criterion

Derivative measures require additional data manipulation like?

Time Sampling

Discontinuous measurement procedure is called?

Temporal Extent of behavior can be measured using what dimensional quantity?

Duration

The amount of time in which the behavior occurs Examples: Pamela jumped rope for 20 minutes Sam engaged in homework activities for 1 hour

Duration

B. Inter-response time

During a community outing, Phil elopes (runs away from caregiver). The supervisor requests that the RBT collects data on how much time passes between each instance of elopement. What dimensional quantity will the RBT measure? A. Repeatability B. Inter-response time C. Duration D. Response Latency

B. Partial Interval Recording

During data collection, the BCBA is recording whether the behavior occurs during each 20 second interval. If the behavior occurs even for a moment, the BCBA records a "+" on her data sheet. What is the measurement procedure being implemented by the BCBA? A. Whole Interval Recording B. Partial Interval Recording C. Momentary Time Sampling D. PLACHECK

B. Response Latency

During sessions at school, Mary takes up to 10 minutes to comply with a demand placed by her teacher. Which is the dimensional quantity to be used to measure this observation? A. Duration B. Response Latency C. Frequency D. Celeration

True

Event Recording and Timing are continuous measurement procedures? True False

The number of responses that occur per unit of time. (ratio of count or the number of times a behavior occurs and the time in which it occurs) Examples: Ray can read 95 words per minute. Kandi can type 15 words per second

Frequency

The amount of time that elapses between two consecutive instances of a response class. (response class - behaviors can have different topographies but same function) Examples: When quitting cigarette smoking, the amount of time in between each cigarette smoked

Inter Response Time

C. Duration

Jason tantrums for 27 minutes after his mother takes away his tablet. Which dimensional quantity is best to use to measure this tantrum? A. Inter-response time B. Repeatability C. Duration D. Response Latency

A. Allow Jim to stay in the study as low count of cigarette butts will help the results of the study

Jim is participating in a smoking cessation study and must record how many cigarette butts he has in the ashtray each day at 8pm before emptying the ashtray. However, he flushes some butts down the toilet. What is the LEAST appropriate action to take for the researcher if they become aware of Jim's behavior? A. Allow Jim to stay in the study as low count of cigarette butts will help the results of the study B. Exclude Jim from the study immediately and do not include his data in the study C. Speak to Jim and make him promise to stop flushing buds down the toilet D. None of the above

B. Timing

John is a 7 year old child who receives ABA services. He engages in excessive self stimulatory behavior of hand flapping in front of his face for extended period of time. His mother volunteered to collect data. She does not work and spends all her time with John. What is the BEST measurement procedure to use in this scenario? A. Continuous Measurement B. Timing C. Time Sampling D. Discontinuous Measurement

Event Recording

Large variety of procedures used to detect and record the number of times a behavior of interest occurs?

A. Rate

Marcella can type 3 words per second. This is an example of which measurement or behavior? A. Rate B. Count C. Duration D. Latency

C. Time Sampling

Mary engages in long durations of loud humming at her after school program. The staff was advised to collect data. Which is the BEST measurement procedure to use if the staff person also has ten other children in the classroom and has a very limited amount of time to collect data? A. Discontinuous measurement B. Continuous Measurement C. Time Sampling D. Timing

False

Momentary time sampling is most appropriate to use when measuring short and seldom occurring behaviors. True False

Inter Observer Agreement (IOA)

RBT and supervisor collect data on the same behavior at the same time for part of session. Results are then compared side by side and using a formula calculate percent of agreement.

Event Recording (Frequency)

Recording the number of times a behavior occurs?

D. All of the above

Repeatability of behavior can be measured by? A. Rate B. Frequency C. Count D. All of the above

The measure of elapsed time between the onset of the stimulus and the beginning of the response Example: The time between when a teacher asks a student a question (stimulus) and when the student answers the question (response).

Response Latency

Temporal Locus of a behavior can be measured using which dimensional quantities?

Response Latency & Inter Response Time

Derivative Measures

Responses that can be measured to see how close the skill is to master

A. Record whether behavior occurs at the end of each 15 second interval

Sam is a child diagnosed with ASD and is receiving ABA services at home. The school reports that Sam engages in disruptive behavior during his one hour art class by making short but very loud high pitch noise whenever the classroom gets too loud, which occurs several times per hour. Which is the best suggestion for Sam's teacher regarding data collection? A. Record whether behavior occurs at the end of each 15 second interval B. Record whether the behavior occurs even once during each one minute interval C. Record whether the behavior occurs during each entire 15 second interval D. Record duration of each behavior using a stopwatch

B. Sean is likely counterfeiting his perfect report cards

Sean's parents want to reinforce his academic performance and give him $20 for every A he receives on each of his report cards. He does not receive anything for other grades. Sean has received straight A's for the last 3 grading periods even though he never demonstrated such performance in the past. What is the MOST appropriate explanation? A. Sean's performance is due to positive reinforcement B. Sean is likely counterfeiting his perfect report cards C. Money has a very high potency as a reinforcer D. Sean is splitting the cash with his teachers

D. Permanent product is inappropriate because the response does not produce the same permanent product each time

The BCBA wants to collect permanent product for property destruction. He observes that his client has punched a hole in a wall, broke the leg of a plastic chair and left bite marks on his mother leather bag. Which statement is correct? A. Permanent product is appropriate as the behavior is indeed resulting in property damage B. Permanent product is inappropriate as the behavior only occurs three times C. Permanent product is appropriate because it is easy to collect data without directly observing behavior D. Permanent product is inappropriate because the response does not produce the same permanent product each time

C. Write number zero

The RBT has spent three hours collecting data and paring himself with reinforcement. During this session no instances of problem behaviors occurred. What should the RBT record on his data sheet for that day? A. Write a full sentence that the behaviors did not occur. B. Nothing. Since the behavior did not occur, there is nothing to record. C. Write number zero. D. Call the supervisor to report this at the end of session.

A. Event Recording

The RBT is attempting to collect data on frequency of spitting behavior during math class. Which is the best measurement procedure to use? A. Event Recording B. Time Sampling C. Timing D. Frequency

A. Observe the client and mark tallys on his frequency data sheet provided by the supervisor every time the client slaps herself in the chest.

The RBT needs to collect data on a self-injurious behavior of their client. The client slaps herself in the chest. If the RBT needs to use event recording to collect data, what must they do? A. Observe the client and mark tallys on his frequency data sheet provided by the supervisor every time the client slaps herself in the chest. B. Use a stopwatch to measure duration of each slap. C. Divide the session into 2 minute intervals and collect data whether or not the client slaps herself in the chest at the end of each 2 minute interval. D. Videotape client during session.

Timing

The duration of behavior, how late does the behavior occur after a certain event (latency) and time between behaviors (inter response time)

Magnitude

The force or intensity with which response is emitted. A scale is created to measure _______________. Examples: Pencil must be applied with certain force to make marks on paper(0=no mark,1=light mark, 2=dark mark) Volume of someone's voice as they speak in decibels or how many feet away they can be heard. (1=1 ft, 2=3 ft, 3=5 ft, 4=7 ft)

True

The main difference between continuous and discontinuous measurement is that the observation time is not interrupted in continuous measurement and is interrupted in discontinuous measurement. True False

Trial to Criterion

The number of response opportunities needed to achieve a predetermined level of performance. Example: When teaching a child to tie their shoe correctly, each opportunity to tie their shoe would count as a trial. The number of trials would be counted until they reach a predetermined level of performance.

A. Collect data on one behavior simultaneously with BCBA, then compare results.

The supervising BCBA informs the RBT that during the supervision session they will collect Inter observer Agreement data. What will the RBT be expected to do? A. Collect data on one behavior simultaneously with BCBA, then compare results. B. Collect data on all reduction behaviors. C. BCBA will collect data on RBT's behavior. D. None of the above.

A. 10 seconds

The supervisor instructs the RBT to use Whole Interval Recording during school time observations on in-seat behavior. Which is the BEST interval length for this procedure? A. 10 seconds B. 3 min C. 5 min D. 30 min

C. Momentary Time Sampling

The teacher needs to collect data on three out of twenty students during independent worksheet completion. She also needs to prepare for the following activity and grade homework. What is the BEST measurement procedure to use in this scenario? A. Event Recording B. Discontinuous Measurement C. Momentary Time Sampling D. Continuous Measurement

Whole-Interval, Partial-Interval, & Momentary

Three methods for Time Sampling?

Time Sampling

Three methods used for observing and recording behavior during intervals or at specific moments in time?

B. Discontinuous

Time sampling falls into which category of measurement procedures? A. Continuous B. Discontinuous C. Neither Continuous nor Discontinuous D. Both Continuous and Discontinuous

D. Both B and C

Two RBTs are collecting data using whole interval recording. When the child they are observing engaged in the target response during 2 of the 10 seconds of the time interval, the RBTs record results in their data sheet. The first RBT recorded a "-" and the second RBT recorded a "+". Which statement is true: A. The first RBT recorded data incorrectly. B. The second RBT recorded data incorrectly C. The first RBT recorded data correctly D. Both B and C

Timing

Variety of timing devices and procedures used to measure duration, response latency, and inter response time? (Devices used = stopwatches, clocks, wristwatches)

Event Recording, Timing & Time Sampling

What are the three ways to make measurements?

Directly & Indirectly

What are the two ways an RBT can OBSERVE behavior?

A. A stack of clean folded clothes.

What is the best description of a permanent product for the behavior of "doing laundry"? A. A stack of clean folded clothes. B. A washing machine C. The receipt from the dry cleaners D. Wearing a clean shirt

A. Use a stopwatch to measure the duration of the waiting behavior each time his client waits for reinforcer.

When John last spoke to his supervisor, he was instructed to collect data on clients "waiting" behavior during sessions as the client is learning to wait for reinforcer up to 20 minutes.. What is the best thing for John to do? A. Use a stopwatch to measure the duration of the waiting behavior each time his client waits for reinforcer. B. Just record the tallies whenever the client waits for reinforcer. C. Use discontinuous measurement procedure of time sampling D. Observe his client waiting and then tell his supervisor what he saw during the next supervision session.

B. Discontinuous

When the observation time is limited and the observer has other tasks to perform simultaneously, which is the recommended measurement procedure? A. Continuous B. Discontinuous C. Neither Continuous nor Discontinuous D. Both Continuous and Discontinuous

D. All of the above are ways of measurement.

Which is not a way of measurement? A. Event Recording B. Time Sampling C. Timing D. All of the above are ways of measurement.

D. Magnitude

Which is not a way to make measurements in applied behavior analysis? A. Event Recording B. Timing C. Time Sampling D. Magnitude

D. B and C

Which is the best procedure for measuring behaviors with extended duration? A. Divide observation time into intervals and record a response if it occurs even briefly during each interval B. Divide observation time into intervals and record a response if it occurs for the entire length of the interval only C. Divide observation time into intervals and record a response only if it occurs at the end of each interval D. B and C

D. Partial Interval Recording

Which measurement procedure overestimates data values when compared to true data values? A. Discontinuous Measurement B. Whole Interval Recording C. Momentary Time Sampling D. Partial Interval Recording

C. Duration

Which of the following is NOT a property of behavior? A. Repeatability B. Temporal locus C. Duration D. Temporal Extent

A. It is useful to measure complex behavior that cannot be observed directly

Why is permanent product chosen as measurement? A. It is useful to measure complex behavior that cannot be observed directly B. It is easier than collecting frequency C. It produces more accurate data values D. Anyone can do it