APSM Chapter 11

Which of the following is not a type of reinforcement? a. positive b. extinction c. negative d. avoidance

avoidance

The hierarchy of needs, ERG, two-factor, and acquired needs theories are a. process motivation theories b. content motivation theories c. a combination of process and content motivation theories d. neither process nor content theories

content motivation theories

Acquired needs is an example of a a. content motivation theory b. process motivation theory c. reinforcement theory d. behavior theory

content motivation theory

Motivating to Win38 ERG is an example of a a. content motivation theory b. process motivation theory c. reinforcement theory d. behavior theory

content motivation theory

The two-factor theory is an example of a a. content motivation theory b. process motivation theory c. reinforcement theory d. behavior theory

content motivation theory

_____ theory proposes that achievable but difficult goals motivate employees. a. Equity b. Process c. Expectancy d. Goal-setting

equity

_____ theory proposes that employees are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs. a. Equity b. Process c. Expectancy d. Goal-setting

equity

_____ theory proposes that employees are motivated when they believe they can accomplish the task and that the rewards for doing so are worth the effort. a. Equity b. Process c. Expectancy d. Goal-setting

expectancy

Content motivation theories focus on identifying and understanding employee wants.

false

In the motivation process, people go from motive to need to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction.

false

Process motivation theories propose that employees are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs.

false

The expectancy theory proposes that employees are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs.

false

The goal-setting theory proposes that employees are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs.

false

The theory of hierarchy of needs proposes that employees are motivated by three needs: existence, relatedness, and growth.

false

The three process motivation theories are (1) equity, (2) hierarchy of needs, and (3) expectancy.

false

The three types of reinforcement are (1) positive, (2) avoidance, and (3) elimination.

false

The two-factor theory proposes that the same things that demotivate also have the ability to motivate when properly employed.

false

Which of the following is not a level of need in the ERG theory? a. existence b. relatedness c. growth d. goals

goals

The content motivation theories are alike in that they all focus on a. understanding how employees choose behavior to meet their needs b. identifying and understanding employee needs c. reinforcement of positive behaviors d. giving praise to employees

identifying and understanding employee needs

If Chris is an athlete, has what she needs to win, and is well trained, she may still lack a. ability b. motivation c. resources d. none of these

motivation

The willingness to achieve organizational objectives is the definition of a. expectancy b. motivation c. the work ethic d. company loyalty

motivation

The two factors in the two-factor theory are a. motivators and basic b. basic and maintenance c. motivators and maintenance d. maintenance and initiators

motivators and maintenance

The motivation process progresses as follows: a. motive to need to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction b. need to motive to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction c. behavior to motive to need to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction d. motive to behavior to need to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction

need to motive to behavior to consequence to satisfaction or dissatisfaction

The concept that ability, motivation, and resources produce performance is called the a. comprehensive theory b. performance equation c. additive formula d. multiplicative theory

performance equation

_____ theories focus on understanding how employees choose behavior to meet their needs. a. Content b. Reinforcement c. Process d. Expectancy

process

Equity theory is an example of a a. content motivation theory b. process motivation theory c. reinforcement theory d. behavior theory

process motivation theory

Expectancy is an example of a. content motivation theory b. process motivation theory c. reinforcement theory d. behavior theory

process motivation theory

Goal setting is an example of a. content motivation theory b. process motivation theory c. reinforcement theory d. behavior theory

process motivation theory

All of the following are levels of needs in the hierarchy theory except a. physiological b. safety c. social d. psychological

psychological

____ theory proposes that consequences for behavior motivate employees to behave in predetermined ways. a. Equity b. Process c. Expectancy d. Reinforcement

reinforcement

Rewarding desired performance is a tactic of a. content motivation theory b. process motivation theory c. reinforcement theory d. behavior theory

reinforcement theory

Using something unpleasant to motivate performance is a tactic of a. content motivation theory b. process motivation theory c. reinforcement theory d. behavior theory

reinforcement theory

Using something unpleasant to stop performance is a tactic of a. content motivation theory b. process motivation theory c. reinforcement theory d. behavior theory

reinforcement theory

Chris is highly competitive and the best tennis player on the team. She forgot her tennis racket and had to play with Jean's, and she lost the match primarily due to the lack of _____. a. ability b. motivation c. resources d. none of these

resources

Which of the following is not a category of needs in the acquired needs theory? a. success b. power c. achievement d. affiliation

success

Performance = ability × motivation × resources is a. the manager's formula b. the motivation formula c. the performance equation d. the reinforcement theory

the performance equation

Generally speaking, ability and resources are not enough to ensure good performance.

true

Hunger (a need) leading to the drive (motive) to get something to eat and ending in the food satisfying your hunger (consequence, satisfaction) is a valid example of the motivation process.

true

Incentive-laden contracts tend to keep athletes motivated to play at the highest performance levels.

true

Motivation is the willingness to achieve organizational objectives.

true

The ERG theory proposes that employees are motivated by three needs: existence, relatedness, and growth.

true

The acquired needs theory proposes that employees are motivated by their need for achievement, power, and affiliation.

true

The equity theory proposes that employees are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs.

true

The four content motivation theories are (1) hierarchy of needs, (2) ERG, (3) two-factor, and (4) acquired needs.

true

The major difference between content, process, and reinforcement theories is that they refer to different stages in the motivation process.

true

The performance equation is performance = ability × motivation × resources.

true

The reinforcement theory proposes that consequences for behavior motivate employees to behave in predetermined ways.

true

Equity, goal-setting, and expectancy theories are alike in that all three focus on a. understanding how employees choose behavior to meet their needs b. identifying and understanding employee needs c. reinforcing positive behaviors d. giving praise to employees

understanding how employees choose behavior to meet their needs

If Chris is an athlete, has what she needs, and has an intense desire to win, she may still lack a. ability b. motivation c. resources d. none of these

ability

According to the performance equation, performance is the result of a. ability, motivation, and resources b. ability and motivation c. motivation and resources d. goal setting, praise, and needs

ability, motivation, and resources

To perform outstandingly, Chris must have all of the following in sufficient amounts: a. ability, motivation, and resources b. ability and motivation c. motivation and resources d. goal setting, praise, and needs

ability, motivation, and resources