APUSH 24 & 25
Which New Deal initiative paid farmers subsidies to take acreage out of production? A. Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 B. Farm Credit Act C. Farm Holiday movement D. McNary-Haugen bill E. Tennessee Valley Authority Act
A. Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933
President Franklin Roosevelt encouraged the passage of the Lend-Lease Act because he wanted to A. provide aid to any nation vital to U.S. security in the war with Germany B. help the American economy. C. aid France in its struggle against Germany. D. get Congress involved in the European crisis. E. persuade Germany that the American military was strong.
A. provide aid to any nation vital to U.S. security in the war with Germany
What historic change took place during the 1936 presidential election? A. Roosevelt was elected president for a third term B. African American voters switched party loyalty from Republican to Democrat C. Woman voters became a key constituency, turning out in record numbers to assure Roosevelt's reelection D. Norman Thomas was the first Communist Party member on the ballot E. None of these choices
B. African American voters switched party loyalty from Republican to Democrat
The U.S. quest for an atomic bomb - dubbed the "Manhattan Project" - was started because A. The U.S. wanted a weapon that would end the war quickly. B. Albert Einstein warned Roosevelt that Nazi scientists were already working on developing an atomic weapon. C. Word of a successful nuclear chain reaction experiment reached Roosevelt, and he wanted to make sure the U.S. developed the bomb first. D. Several universities agreed to underwrite the research and supply their best scientists for the project. E. Wealthy Americans agreed to secretly provide the $2 billion necessary to develop the ultimate weapon.
B. Albert Einstein warned Roosevelt that Nazi scientists were already working on developing an atomic weapon.
What was the purpose of the National Resources Planning Board? A. It facilitated the federal government's programs to protect national forests B. It facilitated state and regional management of water, soil, timber, and minerals C. It facilitated the storage of supplies in case there was a world war D. It facilitated local construction of vital railways and roads E. It facilitated the development of federal, state, and local mining controls
B. It facilitated state and regional management of water, soil, timber, and minerals
Although Japan's sea and air power was totally shattered by the end of 1944, why didn't the imperial government surrender to the United States? A. President Roosevelt refused to allow a surrender until a full-scale invasion of Japan could be accomplished. B. Japanese military leaders insisted on fighting until the bitter end. C. The tripartite pact required that Japan continue fighting until Germany had been victorious in Europe. D. Every Japanese election demonstrated that the Japanese people wanted to continue the war. E. The Emperor had developed Alzheimer's disease and did not understand what was happening.
B. Japanese military leaders insisted on fighting until the bitter end.
Which statement best represents the United States' response to reports of the German persecution of Jews? A. The United States expressed sympathy for the plight of the Jews and liberalized its restrictive immigration laws. B. The United States refused to liberalize its restrictive immigration laws or seriously consider rescue schemes. C. Americans overwhelmingly supported legislation to admit twenty thousand German refugee children. D. The President and Congress were unaware of the reports. E. The United States sponsored the ship St. Louis to rescue 900 Jews for resettlement in America.
B. The United States refused to liberalize its restrictive immigration laws or seriously consider rescue schemes.
Which of the following leaders is not matched correctly with the right country? A. Benito Mussolini, Italy B. Winston Churchill, France C. Joseph Stalin, Soviet Union D. Franklin Roosevelt, United States E. Hideki Tojo, Japan
B. Winston Churchill, France
Which of the following companies bitterly resisted unionization in the 1930s? A. General Motors B. US Steel C. Ford Motor Company D. Pennsylvania Railroad E. Exxon
C. Ford Motor Company
How did US Steel in 1937 respond to the newly formed Steel Workers' Organizing Committee? A. It lived up to its reputation as "the crouching lion in the pathway of labor" and crushed the new union B. It countered with the establishment of a company-sponsored employee association C. It recognized the union, granted a wage increase, and agreed to a 40-hour week D. It engaged in a protracted dispute with the union which included a major strike over union recognition E. It closed down the union and drove the socialists and agitators off the property
C. It recognized the union, granted a wage increase, and agreed to a 40-hour week
Approximately how many Jews were killed in the Holocaust? A. 6,000 B. 60,000 C. 600,000 D. 6 million E. 60 million
D. 6 million
Japan demonstrated its expansionist policies in 1931-1932 by invading A. the Philippines. B. Pearl Harbor. C. Mongolia. D. Manchuria. E. Korea.
D. Manchuria.
What vision of the future did the Futurama exhibit at the New York World's Fair of 1939 feature? A. Space travel B. An automated home C. Air travel to even the smallest towns D. A model city crisscrossed by light-rail mass transit lines E. A complex interstate highway network of the future
E. A complex interstate highway network of the future
Which of the following was not true of the National Industrial Recovery Act? A. It embodied ideas of industrial self-regulation and business-government cooperation and drew on the idea of trade associations which had been promoted by Herbert Hoover B. It was declared unconstitutional C. It appropriated $3.3 billion for heavy-duty government public-works programs to provide jobs and stimulate the economy D. Under it, major industries drafted codes of "fair competition," setting production limits, prescribing wages and working conditions, and forbidding price cutting E. It limited workers' collective bargaining rights
E. It limited workers' collective bargaining rights
Economists blamed all of the following for causing the depression except A. Structural problems made the 1920s prosperity far more unstable than the public realized at the time B. Wage increases lagged behind factory output, which reduced purchasing power C. Assembly-line production methods encouraged overproduction D. Housing, automobile, textile, and other industries were deeply overextended E. Key industries embraced costly new technologies that they could not financially support
E. Key industries embraced costly new technologies that they could not financially support
Which country suffered the greatest number of casualties in World War II? A. United States B. France C. Poland D. Great Britain E. Soviet Union
E. Soviet Union
Franklin Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy A. proclaimed, "Speak softly, and carry a big stick." B. renounced any nation's right to intervene in the affair of another. C. led to a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union. D. helped to shape the Yalta agreements at the end of World War II. E. led to a scrupulous "hands-off' policy in Latin America, even in instances where American interests were threatened.
b. renounced any nation's right to intervene in the affair of another.
Huey Long proposed A. A 100% tax on all incomes over $1 million an appropriation of all fortunes over $5 million B. Cutting taxes and federal spending to stimulate the economy C. Nationalizing banks and industry D. A national sales tax that would raise revenue to pay down the deficit
A. A 100% tax on all incomes over $1 million an appropriation of all fortunes over $5 million
The Scottsboro Boys were A. African American teenagers sentenced to death by an all-white jury on highly suspect rape charges B. A major swing band of the 1930s C. The union leaders in the US Steel strike D. Undocumented immigrants who the United States deported E. Young CCC veterans who led the campaign for Roosevelt's reelection in 1936
A. African American teenagers sentenced to death by an all-white jury on highly suspect rape charges
Benny Goodman was noteworthy because he A. Created an integrated jazz orchestra that performed at Carnegie Hall B. Developed be-bop and released the first million-seller record C. Won a Pulitzer Prize for A Farewell to Arms D. Was the lead engineer for building the Hoover Dam E. Served as Franklin Delano Roosevelt's vice president for his first three terms
A. Created an integrated jazz orchestra that performed at Carnegie Hall
Which of the following actions did the United States not take in preparing for war between September 1, 1939 and December 1, 1941? A. It cut off diplomatic relations with Germany and Japan. B. It instituted the "Cash-and-Carry" program. C. It created the Lend-Lease program to provide supplies and equipment to the allied countries. D. It instituted the first peacetime draft in American history. E. It dramatically increased its military defense budget.
A. It cut off diplomatic relations with Germany and Japan.
Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? A. It decided upon a preemptive strike to force the U.S. to yield to its demands. B. It wanted to use Pearl Harbor as a base for attacks against the United States. C. It believed that the United States was planning an attack on Japan from Pearl Harbor. D. To protect its eastern flank, Japan wanted to seize the Hawaiian Islands. E. It thought the United States was developing the atomic bomb there.
A. It decided upon a preemptive strike to force the U.S. to yield to its demands.
Which of the following is not true regarding the government's management of public opinion during World War II? A. Publishers and broadcasters were allowed to report whatever they thought would be in the best interest of the public and the war effort. B. Government propaganda played up the barbarism of the Axis nations. C. The Office of Censorship attempted to suppress information that might hinder the war effort. D. The government initially restricted pictures of dead soldiers on battlefields. E. Hollywood released films designed to highlight the heroism and unity of the American forces, while inciting hatred of the enemy.
A. Publishers and broadcasters were allowed to report whatever they thought would be in the best interest of the public and the war effort.
What did Eleanor Roosevelt see as her primary role as First Lady? A. She wanted to serve as an observer for her husband and promote social reform B. She wanted to be a gracious hostess for the many dignitaries who visited the White House C. She wanted to personally draft legislation and forge foreign policy D. She wanted to promote an appreciation of the arts E. She wanted to support her husband and be a light presence at social functions
A. She wanted to serve as an observer for her husband and promote social reform
What does the "monetarist" theory argue was the cause of the stock-market crash? A. The Federal Reserve System's tight monetary policies B. Herbert Hoover's insensitivity C. The capitalist system's inherent greed for money D. Trade unions' high wage demands E. The depressed agricultural sector's dragging impact
A. The Federal Reserve System's tight monetary policies
Which of the following statements is not true about the New Deal? A. The New Deal brought about full economic recovery, and by 1939 unemployment was no longer a serious problem B. The New Deal vastly increased the power and prestige of the presidency C. The New Deal assumed a fundamental governmental responsibility to promote economic prosperity and the well-being of all citizens D. As the New Deal evolved, it acted as a broker for all organized interests groups—including agriculture and labor, not just business E. In the course of the New Deal, a fundamental political realignment took place
A. The New Deal brought about full economic recovery, and by 1939 unemployment was no longer a serious problem
What feature of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 established the basic framework of federal agricultural policy for decades to come? A. The government provided subsidies to producers of major farm commodities in return for cutting production B. In order to boost agricultural production, the government made loans to farmers to invest in more land, machinery, and labor C. In years of big harvests and low prices, the government would make loans to farmers and store their surplus crops in government warehouses D. The government encouraged the survival of the family farm by withholding aid to agribusiness E. Farm workers were now covered by collective bargaining and minimum wage laws
A. The government provided subsidies to producers of major farm commodities in return for cutting production
What was Roosevelt referring to when he called on the United States to become the "Arsenal of Democracy"? A. The nation had produced 300,000 airplanes, 2.6 million machine guns, 6 million tons of bombs, and numerous other materials needed by allies to conduct the war. B. The U.S. symbolized how democratic nations should fight a war. C. The U.S. should manufacture 1,000 ships, 500,000 rifles, and 10,000 airplanes during the war to aid European allies. D. He wanted the U.S. to provide all the war materials that the allies needed. E. He urged the U.S. to support supplying the allies with all necessary natural resources.
A. The nation had produced 300,000 airplanes, 2.6 million machine guns, 6 million tons of bombs, and numerous other materials needed by allies to conduct the war.
Who were the 1932 "bonus marchers"? A. World War I veterans who marched on Washington to lobby for immediate cash payments of veterans' bonuses they were promised B. Farmers who threatened to dump milk and other agricultural products if they did not receive a government bonus for not producing farm surpluses C. Trade unionists who marched on Washington when industrialists refused to pay the bonuses stipulated in union contracts D. Federal government workers who objected to losing their Christmas bonus because of the depression E. Young people who marched in the Civilian Conservation Corps
A. World War I veterans who marched on Washington to lobby for immediate cash payments of veterans' bonuses they were promised
Congress created the Office of Price Administration to A. control inflation during the war. B. preserve uranium production. C. raise money to pay for the war. D. lower prices to help American families survive the economic hardships of the war. E. decrease the national debt.
A. control inflation during the war.
The Smith-Connally Labor Disputes Act A. empowered the president to take over any facility where strikes interrupted war production. B. guaranteed labor the right of union membership. C. prohibited government employees from joining unions or engaging in political activity. D. mandated wage increases at twice the cost of living, so that war production would not be interrupted by strikes. E. eliminated all federal restrictions on the right to strike.
A. empowered the president to take over any facility where strikes interrupted war production.
Which of the following was not a popular pastime during the depression? A. Going to the movies B. Taking long car rides C. Reading novels and magazines D. Listening to the radio E. Listening to "swing" music
B. Taking long car rides
Which of the following is an accurate statement about unemployment during the New Deal? A. It never fell below 75% B. As late as 1939 more than 17% of the labor force remained jobless C. New Deal social and economic programs virtually eliminated unemployment for the first time in American history D. The jobless rate crept steadily upward from 1932 until 1945 E. It never exceed 7.5% even though politicians exaggerated the crisis for their own benefit
B. As late as 1939 more than 17% of the labor force remained jobless
Which 1942 battle was a decisive victory for the United States in the Pacific theatre of World War II? A. Battle of Tarawa B. Battle of Midway C. Battle of the Philippines D. Battle of New Guinea E. Battle of Iwo Jima
B. Battle of Midway
What environmental disaster struck the nation during the Depression? A. Locust Infestation B. Dust Bowl C. Lower than normal temperatures on the Great Plains D. Potato famine E. Global Warming
B. Dust Bowl
Which of the following examples of New Deal legislation is correctly paired with its purpose? A. National Youth Administration: launched a federal-state program of workers pensions, unemployment insurance, and other welfare benefits B. Fair Labor Standards Act: Banned child labor and set a national minimum wage C. Federal Securities Exchange Act: Raised taxes on corporations and the wealty D. National Housing Act: Halted sale of tribal lands and enabled tribes to regain unallocated lands E. Public Utilities Holding Company Act: Guaranteed unions collective-bargaining rights and outlawed anti-union practices
B. Fair Labor Standards Act: Banned child labor and set a national minimum wage
A growing anti-business attitude during the first Hundred Days of the New Deal could be detected in which of the following programs? A. Reconstruction Finance Corporation B. Federal Securities Act C. National Industrial Recovery Act D. Interstate Commerce Commission E. All of these choices
B. Federal Securities Act
Which of the following factors was not a reason why President Harry Truman decided to use the atomic bomb in 1945? A. He was concerned about the high potential casualty figures from an American invasion of the Japanese home islands. B. He wanted to prove to the world that the United States hated the Japanese and wanted them to suffer because of their attack on Pearl Harbor. C. The Japanese had suffered terrible destruction from American bombing attacks but were still not willing to surrender. D. Japanese soldiers and sailors almost always refused to surrender even when it was clear that their cause was lost E. He hoped to intimidate the Soviet Union.
B. He wanted to prove to the world that the United States hated the Japanese and wanted them to suffer because of their attack on Pearl Harbor.
How did Hollywood depict women in its movies? A. As downtrodden, struggling against tough economic circumstances B. In mixed ways that included both finding fulfillment in marriage and strong independent women C. As glamorous villains D. As labor organizers who supported their husbands and workers' rights E. As a threat to the tradition of home and family
B. In mixed ways that included both finding fulfillment in marriage and strong independent women
What did the 1935 Social Security Act do? A. It provided workers a job if they were unemployed B. It offered workers' pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid for the disabled C. It protected women's rights in the work place and guaranteed women retirement benefits D. It established housing where the unemployed could stay for free and receive free meals E. It guaranteed men the right to work and to bargain collectively
B. It offered workers' pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid for the disabled
Which statement best represents the economic status of farm families during the 1930s? A. Because farm families were property owners, they suffered less than other segments of society during the depression B. Many farm families gave up because of debt and the drought C. In rural America, bankruptcies, foreclosures, and the abandonment of farms were rare because communities stuck together D. Three-fourths of the farms folded during the depression E. Because of the swift implementation of New Deal reforms, farm families prospered from 1933 onward
B. Many farm families gave up because of debt and the drought
In 1940 and 1941 President Roosevelt wished to prolong negotiations with the Japanese rather than go to war. Why? A. The negotiations had been making substantial progress and most of the points of disagreement were being resolved. B. Roosevelt knew that he did not have a large enough navy to fight both Japan and Germany. C. The American people were virulently anti-Japanese and therefore the anti-interventionist sentiment regarding Asian affairs was very strong. D. The Japanese had ended their expansion and were looking forward to a century of coprosperity. E. All he was concerned about was war in Europe; the situation in the Pacific was unimportant to him.
B. Roosevelt knew that he did not have a large enough navy to fight both Japan and Germany.
How did World War II affect millions of American women? A. The federal government adopted a policy of gender equality in all federal hiring and in all companies doing business with the government. B. The proportion of women in the labor force rose from one-quarter to more than one-third, as 19 million women were employed. C. Because of the importance of their war work, women for the first time achieved equal pay for equal work. D. The public attitude toward women's employment underwent a transformation, as the majority of Americans began to admit that they approved of married women working outside the home. E. In order to show the strength of traditional American values, women stayed at home to nurture their children.
B. The proportion of women in the labor force rose from one-quarter to more than one-third, as 19 million women were employed.
Which of the following statements best describes warfare between the Japanese soldiers and American Marines? A. They respected each other's dead, wounded, and prisoners. B. They utterly hated each other and committed numerous atrocities. C. They both fought desperately, but surrendered when it was clear that they could not prevail. D. all of these choices. E. none of these choices.
B. They utterly hated each other and committed numerous atrocities.
What type of entertainment did the Frank Capra films Mr. Deeds Goes to Town and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington provide? A. They were comedies that lampooned New Deal policies B. They were patriotic and idealistic portrayals of the triumph of "the people" over entrenched interests C. They were realistic 'docudramas' about social problems D. They were gangster movies showing gritty images of urban America E. They were zany musicals that offered viewers a chance to forget the depression
B. They were patriotic and idealistic portrayals of the triumph of "the people" over entrenched interests
Which statement best describes union membership in the 1930s? A. Unions lost members because unemployed workers would accept low wages and poor working conditions to get a job B. Unions gained membership, growing from only 3 million in 1933 to over 8 million in 1941 C. Union membership held steady at approximately 5 million members throughout the 1930s D. Unions gained members because a big effort was made to organize low-wage workers including agricultural laborers, and department-store clerks E. Union membership surged and soon 75% of American workers were unionized
B. Unions gained membership, growing from only 3 million in 1933 to over 8 million in 1941
A. Philip Randolph's call for a massive march on Washington led to A. an executive order permitting the military to evacuate and intern Japanese living on the West Coast. B. an executive order prohibiting employment discrimination and creating a Fair Employment Practices Committee. C. passage of the Smith-Connally Act restricting union strikes and protests. D. prosecution of the sailors involved in the "zoot suit" riot against the Chicanos. E. integration of the armed forces.
B. an executive order prohibiting employment discrimination and creating a Fair Employment Practices Committee.
The various federal agencies created during World War II to coordinate the war effort did all the following except A. limit or stop the production of civilian goods. B. impose strict ceilings on corporate profits. C. mediate disputes between management and labor. D. impose strict price controls. E. allocate materials.
B. impose strict ceilings on corporate profits.
At the Yalta Conference, Stalin agreed on all the following except A. entry into the war against Japan. B. recognition of Mao Zedong as the ruler of China. C. establishment of "broadly representative" governments in Eastern Europe. D. created a postwar commission to address reparations. E. a founding conference for the new United Nations.
B. recognition of Mao Zedong as the ruler of China.
The Civilian Conservation Corps A. Put five million young men and women to work in camps across the country B. Was a conservative political youth club C. Employed jobless young men in rural projects such as reforestation, park maintenance, and erosion control D. Brought together business leaders to draft codes of fair competition E. was the precursor to the National Guard
C. Employed jobless young men in rural projects such as reforestation, park maintenance, and erosion control
Which of the following pieces of legislation was an attempt at campaign reform in the late 1930s? A. Pendleton Act B. McCain Act C. Hatch Act D. Kennedy Act E. Eggleston Act
C. Hatch Act
What happened to Roosevelt's "court-packing" plan? A. Congress, including New Deal supporters and many conservatives, approved of it because they felt it was time for a change B. The American people rejected it in a referendum C. He had to drop it but was able to replace four members of the Supreme Court who retired shortly thereafter D. It turned out to be one of Roosevelt's greatest triumphs E. It was the issue that enabled the Republicans to retake control of the Senate in the 1938 election
C. He had to drop it but was able to replace four members of the Supreme Court who retired shortly thereafter
Which of the following was not one of Roosevelt's immediate responses to the banking crisis? A. He proposed the Emergency Banking Act B. He declared a "bank holiday," which closed banks for four days C. He nationalized the banks D. He set up procedures for managing failed banks E. He assured Americans over the radio that they could again entrust their money to banks
C. He nationalized the banks
Which of the following steps did Herbert Hoover not take to revive the economy after the stock-market crash? A. He advised municipal and state governments to create jobs through public-works projects B. He set up the Emergency Committee for Employment to coordinate the efforts of voluntary relief agencies C. He persuaded Congress to pass the National Industrial Recovery Act, which embodied ideas of industrial self-regulation and business-government cooperation D. He persuaded Congress to establish the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to make loans and other lending institutions E. He urged business leaders to maintain wages and employment
C. He persuaded Congress to pass the National Industrial Recovery Act, which embodied ideas of industrial self-regulation and business-government cooperation
How did the American economic crisis affect the European economy? A. It was unaffected B. It was stimulated because European firms were able to take advantage of markets otherwise dominated by American business C. It collapsed as world trade declined D. It was hurt because it depended so heavily on American agricultural products E. It lost market share as American companies used illegal tactics to increase their trade
C. It collapsed as world trade declined
Which of the following was not an example of the affirmative cultural nationalism characteristic of the late 1930s? A. George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess B. Aaron Copland's Billy the Kid C. John Dos Passos's The 42nd Parallel D. Thomas Hart Benton' Paintings E. James Agee's photojournalism
C. John Dos Passos's The 42nd Parallel
Which of these statements does not describe women's experience as workers in defense plants? A. They were nicknamed "Rosie the Riveter." B. Women were told by the government that it was their "patriotic duty" to work in war industries. C. Most of the war workers were single and under age thirty. D. Their jobs included traditional men's work of tending blast furnaces, operating cranes, welding and shipbuilding. E. Many women were forced into women-only jobs, and those in manufacturing earned 65% of what men earned.
C. Most of the war workers were single and under age thirty.
What role did the American scientific community have in World War II? A. The government insisted that scientific inquiry should not be interrupted by the war. B. Most of the nation's scientists opposed the war and refused to have anything to do with it. C. Scientists participated actively in developing new weapons, chemicals, medicines, and medical techniques that would advance the fight against the Axis powers. D. There was a constant conflict between scientists and the military because the military refused to allow scientists a role in the weapons race. E. Scientists left the government for better-paying jobs in private industry.
C. Scientists participated actively in developing new weapons, chemicals, medicines, and medical techniques that would advance the fight against the Axis powers.
Which piece of New Deal legislation established the principle of federal responsibility for social welfare and created the basic framework for the welfare system? A. Wagner Act B. Revenue Act of 1935 C. Social Security Act D. Hatch Act E. Federal Securities Act
C. Social Security Act
Which statement best expresses the mobility of African Americans during the 1930s? A. African Americans poured into northern cities in a "great migration" in search of employment B. African Americans poured into southern cities in record numbers in search of employment C. The depression slowed down the migration of African Americans northward D. African Americans reversed their previous migrations to northern cities, and returned to southern farms where there were greater opportunities for survival E. The depression made little difference because the majority of African Americans had migrated to northern cities earlier in the century
C. The depression slowed down the migration of African Americans northward
What impact did the wartime economy have on the distribution of American incomes? A. The proportion of wealth controlled by the richest 5 percent of the population soared to nearly one-third. B. The proportion of wealth controlled by the poorest 20 percent of the population dropped to about 10 percent. C. The earnings of the middle class doubled. D. The middle class stagnated as it found itself caught between wage freezes and soaring inflation. E. The poor sank deeper into poverty because the focus was on foreign affairs rather than their plight.
C. The earnings of the middle class doubled.
Which of the following was not true concerning the election of 1936? A. The Republican's candidate was an earnest but inept campaigner B. Roosevelt beat Alfred Landon in the most crushing victory since 1820 C. Third-party candidates siphoned off an alarming number of Democratic votes D. The Democrats increased their majorities in the Senate and the House of Representatives E. Roosevelt won the support of farmers, union members, blacks, and women
C. Third-party candidates siphoned off an alarming number of Democratic votes
After what event did the Japanese government finally begin to discuss acceptance of surrender terms? A. the Battle of Iwo Jima B. the dropping of unconditional surrender as a prerequisite C. the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki D. the threatened invasion of Japan by the China E. the collapse of Fascist Italy
C. the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
The experiences of E.B. Sledge illustrate A. the importance of the secretary of war. B. the complexity of naval operations in the Pacific theatre. C. the extreme hardships of fighting in the Pacific theatre D. why U.S. technological superiority was so important. E. the horrors of fighting in Europe.
C. the extreme hardships of fighting in the Pacific theatre
The condition of African-Americans improved during World War II through all the following means except A. jobs were more plentiful because of war production needs. B. a federal executive order prohibited discriminatory employment practices. C. they were recruited by colleges and job training programs. D. the average wage for African-Americans increased dramatically. E. the military ended exclusionary policies that kept them from the marines and coast guard or limited them to noncombat units.
C. they were recruited by colleges and job training programs.
In an effort to bolster American security and help England during the Battle of Britain, President Roosevelt concluded an agreement with Prime Minister Churchill that A. sold American tanks and cruisers to Great Britain on a deferred payment schedule. B. allowed Britain to use American air bases in exchange for a guarantee of safe Atlantic passage for American merchant vessels. C. transferred fifty vintage American destroyers to Britain in exchange for leases on British air and naval bases in the Western Hemisphere. D. drew up a timetable for eventual American participation in the war against Hitler. E. provided $5.2 billion in direct military assistance.
C. transferred fifty vintage American destroyers to Britain in exchange for leases on British air and naval bases in the Western Hemisphere.
Why didn't America take action in 1938 when German tanks rolled into Vienna and Czechoslovakia, in direct violation of the Versailles Treaty? A. The American public thought U.S. participation in World War I was a mistake. B. The U.S. had a long tradition of isolationism and did not want to get involved in foreign struggles. C. Americans wanted the government to focus on the economic turmoil at home caused by the Great Depression. D. All of these choices E. None of these choices
D. All of these choices
What was the radio adaptation of War of the Worlds about? A. World War I B. Spanish Civil War C. Class warfare D. An alien landing E. A war between Christian Europe and the Islamic Middle East
D. An alien landing
How many American men and women ultimately served in the armed forces? A. Approximately 1 million B. Approximately 5 million C. Approximately 10 million D. Approximately 15 million E. Approximately 25 million
D. Approximately 15 million
Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of the stock market in the months leading up to the October 1929 crash? A. There was a frenzied upsurge in stock prices B. The market value of all stocks more than tripled in four years C. Stockbrokers lending buyers up to 75% of a stock's cost D. Deep income-tax hikes suddenly cut the flow of money into the market E. Investment trusts lured novices into the market
D. Deep income-tax hikes suddenly cut the flow of money into the market
The United States government interned over 100,000 Japanese-Americans during World War II for all the following reasons except A. longstanding racial prejudice and economic rivalry. B. some politicians and farmers hoped to be able to take over Japanese-American landholdings. C. after Pearl Harbor, white Californians were worked up into a frenzy about possible Japanese sabotage. D. FBI and military intelligence had uncovered a Japanese-American espionage network in California. E. some patriotic organizations and media outlets called for it.
D. FBI and military intelligence had uncovered a Japanese-American espionage network in California.
Which statement best describes Franklin Roosevelt's position concerning the Depression in the 1932 presidential campaign? A. He clearly outlined specific programs that would end the depression B. He called for the United States to abandon the gold standard C. He promoted a policy of massive spending by the federal government D. He promised to end the depression but offered only vague plans describing how he was going to do it E. He claimed the depression was just an economic cycle and would eventually correct itself
D. He promised to end the depression but offered only vague plans describing how he was going to do it
Which of the following is not a true statement about the Farm Security Administration? A. It was designed to benefit tenant farmers and sharecroppers B. It often declined loan applications from the poorest farmers most in need of its help C. It provided medical services and shelter to migrant farm workers D. It organized programs to teach poor farmers new, more efficient agricultural techniques E. It commissioned photographers to record the lives of migrant workers, tenant farmers, and those escaping the Dust Bowl.
D. It organized programs to teach poor farmers new, more efficient agricultural techniques
Which of these does not represent the Native American experience during World War II? A. They served as code talkers, relaying secret messages for the U.S. military in a complex language that the Japanese couldn't understand. B. Many Native Americans left reservations for good-paying jobs in West Coast defense industries. C. Anti-Indian discrimination forced many Native Americans back onto reservations. D. Many Native American reservations saw their budgets nearly triple, thanks to money sent back by Indian defense workers. E. Native Americans once again faced the risk of their land being taken, and organized the National Congress of American Indians to fight this trend.
D. Many Native American reservations saw their budgets nearly triple, thanks to money sent back by Indian defense workers.
Which group faced appalling labor conditions in California's agricultural regions? A. Native Americans B. African-Americans C. Asian-Americans D. Mexican-Americans E. German Americans
D. Mexican-Americans
Which of the following was not an approach that Franklin Roosevelt used during the early years of his administration to fight the depression? A. Business-government cooperation and pump-priming federal spending B. Subsidized crop reduction C. Short-term emergency relief for the jobless, provided directly by the federal government if necessary D. Nationalization of the railroads and steel industry E. Public works projects to provide jobs and stimulate the economy
D. Nationalization of the railroads and steel industry
Which of the following was not one of the changes in the American "social topography" that occurred during World War II? A. Millions of Americans moved to the West Coast states. B. Many Americans moved far from their hometowns. C. Some Americans who moved left their traditional values for new attitudes. D. The family unit was strengthened, and divorce rates dropped, as Americans united in the effort to defend the nation. E. Some 6 million Americans left farms and moved to cities.
D. The family unit was strengthened, and divorce rates dropped, as Americans united in the effort to defend the nation.
What did the "Double V" campaign represent? A. the American campaign to defeat both Germany and Japan. B. the Allied campaign to defeat Germany on land as well as at sea. C. the Allied campaign to defeat Nazism and Fascism. D. the African-Americans' campaign to defeat racism at home and enemies abroad. E. the Mexican-American campaign of to defeat the Axis powers and to loosen immigration restrictions at home.
D. the African-Americans' campaign to defeat racism at home and enemies abroad.
The America First Committee argued that A. the United States was endangered by internal subversion, not possible German invasion. B. the United States had to defend itself by launching a preemptive war against Germany. C. the United States would assist the British but stay out of the war. D. the United States had the strength to stand alone and did not need to form relationships or pacts with any European country. E. the United States had to defend itself by going to war against Japan before Japan attacked the United States.
D. the United States had the strength to stand alone and did not need to form relationships or pacts with any European country.
How did the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) influence the labor movement? A. It guaranteed collective-bargaining rights B. It permitted closed shops C. It outlawed the practice of blacklisting union leaders D. It created the National Labor Relations Board E. All of these choices
E. All of these choices
What did John Steinbeck describe in The Grapes of Wrath? A. He described the horrors of working in the California vineyards B. He described the challenges of industrial labor in the 1930s C. He described the rise of the middle class despite the opposition of large corporations D. He described the collapse of a capitalist society E. He described the desperate struggles of an uprooted dust-bowl family
E. He described the desperate struggles of an uprooted dust-bowl family
How did Germany's persecution of Jews during the 1930s benefit the allies during World War II? A. It did not really help at all. B. It strengthened the allies' militaries by providing more soldiers. C. It helped the Americans and British learn how to deal more effectively with minority groups. D. It angered Americans and gave them more motivation to fight. E. Many leading European scientists and intellectuals fled German control and aided the allies during the war.
E. Many leading European scientists and intellectuals fled German control and aided the allies during the war.
Which of the following agencies was created during the Hoover administration to help failing financial institutions and continued to be active through the New Deal years? A. Federal Emergency Relief Administration B. Tennessee Valley Authority C. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation D. National Recovery Administration E. Reconstruction Finance Corporation
E. Reconstruction Finance Corporation
The Committee for Industrial Organization was established A. To organize skilled workers B. By industrialists to undermine the power of labor unions C. By President Roosevelt as one of his "alphabet agencies" to address economic problems D. To bring workers for "Little Steel" into the collective-bargaining cycle E. To organize all workers in a particular industry, regardless of race, gender, or degree of skill
E. To organize all workers in a particular industry, regardless of race, gender, or degree of skill
The World War II War Production Board was created to A. regulate production of military equipment. B. insure that the military branches were producing military equipment efficiently. C. regulate the railroad system and airplane industries. D. ration vital materials like rubber and gasoline. E. allocate materials, limit the production of civilian goods, and distribute contracts among workers.
E. allocate materials, limit the production of civilian goods, and distribute contracts among workers.
