APUSH Ch. 13

In the 1820s and 1830s, the two issues that greatly raised the political stakes were westward expansion and Indian removal. the end of property qualifications for voting and political conventions. the admission of Texas and Oregon to the Union. hard money and banking regulation. slavery and economic distress.

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One major reason for the Anglo-Texan rebellion against Mexican rule was that the Mexicans opposed slavery. Mexican government refused to allow the "Old Three Hundred" to purchase land. Anglo-Texans wanted to break away from a government that had grown too authoritarian. Anglo-Texans objected to the Mexican government's establishment of evangelical Protestantism as Texas's official religion. Mexicans tried to establish slavery among the Americans.

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Spanish authorities allowed Moses Austin to settle in Texas because they believed that Austin and his settlers might be able to "civilize the territory," which was heavily populated by Indians. they believed that the militarily powerful Austin would otherwise have taken the land by force. he paid them a sizable sum of money. Spain planned to sell the land to the United States. None of these choices are correct.

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The new two-party political system that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s significantly reduced sectional political divisions in the country. was seen at the time as a weakening of democracy. resulted in the Civil War. fulfilled the wishes of the founding fathers. became an important part of the nation's checks and balances.

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Match each individual below with the correct description. A.Andrew Jackson. 1.finished third in the electoral vote in the presidential election of 1824 but was eliminated by illness B.Henry Clay 2.was elected president by the House of Representatives despite his weak popular appeal C.John Quincy Adams. 3.threw his political support to the presidential candidate elected by the House of Representatives, inspiring charges of a "corrupt bargain" D.William Crawford 4.finished first in the popular vote in the election of 1824 but lost in the House of Representatives

A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

The nullification crisis started by South Carolina over the Tariff of 1828 ended when Andrew Jackson used the court system to force compliance. the federal army crushed all resistance. Congress used the provisions of the Force Bill. South Carolina took over the collection of tariffs

Andrew Jackson used the court system to force compliance.

The person most responsible for defusing the tariff controversy that began in 1828 was Andrew Jackson. John C. Calhoun. John Quincy Adams. Daniel Webster. Henry Clay.

Henry Clay

John Quincy Adams, elected president in 1825, was charged by his political opponents with having struck a "corrupt bargain" when he appointed ____ to become ____. John C. Calhoun, vice president William Crawford, chief justice of the United States Henry Clay, secretary of state Daniel Webster, secretary of state John Eaton, secretary of the navy

Henry Clay, secretary of state

The Force Bill of 1833 provided that the Congress could use the military for Indian removal. President could use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties. President could use the army to collect excise taxes. military could force citizens to track down runaway slaves. All of these choices are correct.

President could use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties.

Texans won their independence as a result of the victory over Mexican armies at the Battle of Santa Anna. Goliad. the Alamo. San Jacinto. the Rio Grande.

San Jacinto.

Most of the very early American settlers in Texas, dubbed the "Old Three Hundred," were _____ who came from the _____. Catholic, Middle Atlantic states Scots-Irish, South Congregationalists, New England Dutch, New York French, Ohio Valley

Scots-Irish, South

John C. Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition was an argument for secession. protective tariffs. majority rule. states' rights. trade with England.

State's rights

The "Tippecanoe" in the Whigs' 1840 presidential campaign slogan was Daniel Webster. Martin Van Buren. William Harrison. John Tyler. Henry Clay.

William Harrison.

Which of the following interest group(s) supported the exceptionally high rates of the Tariff of 1828? Western backcountry farmers, shopkeepers, artisans, and laborers who thought the tariff would revive a stagnant American economy Abolitionists who saw it as the opening wedge for the use of federal power against slavery Wool and textile manufacturers from New England Supporters of Henry Clay's American System Southern plantation owners who wanted to prevent dumping of Egyptian cotton in America

Wool and textile manufacturers from New England

Andrew Jackson's veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States was the first presidential veto. a major expansion of presidential power. unconstitutional. overturned by a two-thirds vote in Congress. None of these choices are correct.

a major expansion of presidential power.

All of the following were characteristics of Henry Clay's election campaign of 1832 except overconfidence of his campaign and the National Republicans. a hefty and ample campaign chest of $50,000. a substantial advantage over President Andrew Jackson in political support from the West and the South. he had strong newspaper backing. he lost both the popular vote and the Electoral vote.

a substantial advantage over President Andrew Jackson in political support from the West and the South.

Innovations in the election of 1832 included direct election of the president. adoption of written party platforms. a series of presidential debates between the candidates. presidential nominations of "favorite sons" by state legislatures. abandonment of party conventions.

adoption of written party platforms.

Presidents Jackson and Van Buren hesitated to extend recognition to and to annex the new Texas Republic because Texans did not want to be annexed to the United States. antislavery groups in the United States opposed the expansion of slavery. they were old political opponents of the Texas president, Sam Houston. public opinion in the United States opposed annexation. they feared war with Mexico's ally, Spain.

antislavery groups in the United States opposed the expansion of slavery.

In their treatment of Native Americans, white Americans did all of the following except recognize the tribes as separate nations. argue that Indians could not be assimilated into the larger society. try "to civilize Indians" by promoting literacy, agricultural, and vocational instructions. trick them into ceding land to whites. promise to acquire land only through formal treaties.

argue that Indians could not be assimilated into the larger society.

People in the West tended to prefer Andrew Jackson in the 1824 election because he was less inclined to engage in wars with Indian nations than to seek fair negotiated treaties with Native Americans to resolve territorial disputes. campaigned against the forces of corruption and privilege in government. promised to uphold the needs of free labor. had embraced the American System. None of these choices are correct.

campaigned against the forces of corruption and privilege in government.

Despite his suspicions of the federal government, Andrew Jackson's Democratic political party offered support of a strong central government directing economic affairs. advocated strongly for the enactment of Henry Clay's "American System." favored using the U.S. Army to restrict westward and southern American settlement into Indian areas. created the spoils system in the federal government. asserted conviction of the need for "the best and the brightest" in government.

created the spoils system in the federal government.

The South Carolina state legislature, after the election of 1832 voted to abolish all federal legislation, with regard to tariffs, as unconstitutional. declared the existing tariff constitutional and part of South Carolina law. was taken over by a majority of Federalists. voted to secede from the union. declared the existing tariff null and void in South Carolina.

declared the existing tariff null and void in South Carolina.

In response to South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff of 1828, President Andrew Jackson publicly hanged several of the nullifiers. dispatched naval and military forces to the state while denouncing nullification. worked quietly to defuse the confrontation. mobilized all the other southern states to oppose nullification. sought a Supreme Court ruling declaring nullification invalid.

dispatched naval and military forces to the state while denouncing nullification.

The policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes involved inconsistently veering between progressive assimilation and encouraging the eastern Indian tribes to preserve their traditional culture. rapid assimilation into white American culture. forced removal from their traditional lands. federal protection from state governments. to encourage them to preserve their traditional culture.

forced removal from their traditional lands.

The Whigs hoped to win the 1836 election by supporting Henry Clay. using smear tactics. forcing the election into the House of Representatives. emphasizing personality over issues. outspending their opponents.

forcing the election into the House of Representatives.

The cement that held the Whig party together in its formative days was hatred of Andrew Jackson and his aggrandizement of executive power at the expense of the states and Congress. support of the American System. opposition to the Anti-Masonic party. the desire for a strong president. opposition to the tariff.

hatred of Andrew Jackson and his aggrandizement of executive power at the expense of the states and Congress.

Texas gained its independence with help from Britain. no outside assistance. help from Americans. the blessing of the Mexican government. help from Spain.

help from Americans

John Quincy Adams's weaknesses as president included all of the following except his strong nationalistic ideology. his support for elitist proposals like a national university. his personal coldness and tactlessness with people. the charges of "corrupt bargain" hanging over his presidency. his encouragement of his supporters to "sling mud" at Jackson.

his encouragement of his supporters to "sling mud" at Jackson.

One of the positive aspects of the Bank of the United States was its officers' awareness of the bank's responsibilities to society. its attention to regional differences in American economy and culture. its function as a source of credit and stability, promoting the nation's expanding economy. its ability to expand and contract paper currency as needed. it ceded control of the nation's gold and silver to smaller state and western territory banks.

its function as a source of credit and stability, promoting the nation's expanding economy.

By the 1840s, voter participation in the presidential election reached nearly 50 percent. 25 percent. 40 percent. 15 percent. nearly 80 percent.

nearly 80 percent.

The nullification crisis of 1833 resulted in a clear-cut victory for South Carolina. Andrew Jackson and the Union. states' rights. neither Andrew Jackson nor the nullifiers. the industrialists.

neither Andrew Jackson nor the nullifiers.

Andrew Jackson's inauguration as president symbolized the return of Jeffersonian simplicity. newly won ascendancy of the masses. supremacy of states' rights over federal power. reemergence of a dominant Federalist ethic of government and Federalist economic policies. All of these choices are correct.

newly won ascendancy of the masses.

The House of Representatives decided the 1824 presidential election when no candidate received a majority of the vote in the Electoral College. William Crawford suffered a stroke and was forced to drop out of the race. the House was forced to do so by "King Caucus." the Supreme Court declined to hear a case brought by Andrew Jackson contesting the electoral results. widespread voter fraud was discovered.

no candidate received a majority of the vote in the Electoral College.

Supporters of the Whig party included all of the following except opponents of public education. backers of southern states' rights. large northern industrialists. many evangelical Protestants. backers of the American System.

opponents of public education.

William Henry Harrison, the Whig party's presidential candidate in 1840, was a true "common man." a very effective chief executive. portrayed by his supporters as a poor western farmer in an effort to make a deceptive contrast with his aristocratic opponent, Democratic incumbent President Martin Van Buren born in a log cabin. the first military officer to become president.

portrayed by his supporters as a poor western farmer in an effort to make a deceptive contrast with his aristocratic opponent, Democratic incumbent President Martin Van Buren

John Quincy Adams could be described as a politician who enjoyed engaging in political bargaining and "horse-trading" with political colleagues and adversaries. a man who sought popular support. a politician with great tact. possessing almost none of the arts of the politician. a man of limited intelligence.

possessing almost none of the arts of the politician.

The Whigs offered all of the following proposals for the remedies of the economic ills facing America in 1837 except expansion of bank credit. proposal of the Divorce Bill. proposal of higher tariffs. proposal of subsidies for internal improvements. more active involvement on the part of the federal government in advancing private economic development in the nation.

proposal of the Divorce Bill.

Andrew Jackson and his supporters disliked the Bank of the United States for all of the following reasons except it minted gold and silver coins but issued no paper money. controlled much of the nation's gold and silver. was a private institution. foreclosed on many western farms. put public service first, not profits.

put public service first, not profits.

In the 1820s and 1830s, the public's attitude regarding political parties was uniformly hostile to all political parties, regardless of the party or the region of the country. was deeply ambivalent. was more positive in the North than in the South. reflected growing acceptance of the wild contentiousness of political life. was that they were the best expressions of political ideologies.

reflected growing acceptance of the wild contentiousness of political life.

In an effort to assimilate themselves into white society, the Cherokees did all of the following except adopt a system of settled agriculture. develop a written constitution. become cotton planters. refuse to own slaves. develop a notion of private property.

refuse to own slaves.

The Panic of 1837 was caused by all of the following except excessive speculation. President Jackson's banking and financial policies including the Bank War and the Specie Circular. financial problems abroad. failure of wheat crops. taking the country off the gold standard.

taking the country off the gold standard.

The Nullification Crisis of 1832-1833 erupted directly over banking policy. internal improvements. tariff policy. extension of slavery into the western territories. Indian policy.

tariff policy

The spoils system under Andrew Jackson resulted in a superior class of intelligent, competent federal job holders than under previous presidential administrations. the replacement of insecurity by security in employment. the destruction of the personalized political machine. the appointment of many corrupt and incompetent officials to federal jobs. the same public policies as those taken by John Quincy Adams.

the appointment of many corrupt and incompetent officials to federal jobs.

Andrew Jackson made all of the following charges against the Bank of the United States except that the bank was unconstitutional. it was controlled and managed by wealthy financiers and private bankers of the East. the bank was autocratic and tyrannical. the bank was beholden to British and French financial interests. the bank's president arrogantly defied the president.

the bank was beholden to British and French financial interests.

Andrew Jackson based his veto of the recharter bill for the Bank of the United States on constitutional grounds exclusively. advice from Henry Clay and other close advisors. the Supreme Court's McCulloch v. Maryland decision. the fact that he found the bill harmful to the nation as well as unconstitutional. the belief that it was supported by the "necessary and proper" clause in the Constitution.

the fact that he found the bill harmful to the nation as well as unconstitutional.

Writing about his observations of America and Americans as he traveled across the United States, the Frenchman Alexis de Tocqueville was most struck by the comparative wealth of Americans versus Europeans. the general equality of social and economic conditions among Americans. the low voter participation. the ugliness of political campaigns. None of these choices are correct.

the general equality of social and economic conditions among Americans.

On the forced march from their Georgia homeland to Oklahoma known as the Trail of Tears, the Cherokees experienced all of the following except 100,000 Indians being uprooted. the loss of their ancestral and ostensibly legally protected lands to white settlement. countless Indian men, women, and children dying on route or after arriving in Indian Territory. having to abandon sacred and family grave sites. the rampant sexual abuse of wives and daughters by U.S. soldiers.

the rampant sexual abuse of wives and daughters by U.S. soldiers.

Opposing the Tariff of 1828, Southerners labeled it a "Yankee Tariff" because the tariff protected New England manufacturing at their economic expense. it charged a tax on Southern manufactured goods, making it difficult for the South to compete in the world market. it imposed a high tax on Southern-grown cotton. it placed a substantially lower tax on European manufactured goods imported into the New England and middle states than it did on similar European gods imported into states in the South. None of these choices are correct.

the tariff protected New England manufacturing at their economic expense.

Southerners feared the Tariff of 1828 because it would hurt their growing manufacturing sector. this same use of the power of the federal government could be used to suppress slavery. it might hurt Andrew Jackson's political career. they were convinced that it would destroy the American woolen industry. it could damage the chances of the American System's success.

this same use of the power of the federal government could be used to suppress slavery.

The purpose behind the spoils system was to press those with experience into governmental service. to make politics a sideline and not a full-time business. to reward political supporters with public office. to reverse the trend of rotation in office. the widespread encouragement of a bureaucratic office-holding class.

to reward political supporters with public office.

As president, John Quincy Adams was more successful than as secretary of state. was impeached by the House of Representatives, but he was acquitted by the Senate. was one of the least successful presidents in American history. put many of his supporters on the federal payroll. was successful in getting most of his programs enacted into law.

was one of the least successful presidents in American history.

While in existence, the Second Bank of the United States was the depository of the funds of the national government. irresponsibly inflated the national currency by issuing federal bank notes. limited economic growth by extending public credit. forced an ever-increasing number of bank failures. was not a significant influence on the health and growth of the economy.

was the depository of the funds of the national government.

The presidential election of 1824 was the first to use the electoral college. was the first one to see the election of a president who failed to win a majority of the electoral vote from the state electors. saw a record high voter turn-out show up at the polls. saw the formulation of well-organized political parties. was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court.

was the first one to see the election of a president who failed to win a majority of the electoral vote from the state electors.

Both the Democratic party and the Whig party favored a renewed national bank. supported federal restraint in social and economic affairs. were mass-based political parties. clung to states' rights policies. feared the rise of the Anti-Masonic party.

were mass-based political parties.

Andrew Jackson's administration supported the removal of Native Americans from the eastern states because the Indians assimilated too easily into white society. the Supreme Court ruled in favor of this policy. whites wanted the Indians' lands. Georgia and Florida tried to protect the Indians and their lands. they continued their attacks on white settlements.

whites wanted the Indians' lands.