APUSH Chap. 10 IDs

10-22 Cult of Domesticity

1) because of industrialization, men had to go get jobs to make money outside of the farm, causing them to be gone from home often, which then caused the women to have to take up the role of moral leaders for their children and families; women's roles were directly involved in housekeeping and taking care of children 2) 1800s, United States 3) relates to Jefferson's vision of the Republican mother; gave women free time, which led to participation in social reforms such as temperance, suffrage, and abolitionism; increased the importance of the woman's role as a wife J.H.

10-25 Cyrus H. McCormick

1) created the automatic reaper, which allowed a worker to harvest what he would have done over five days in one day 2) patented the reaper in 1834, opened the factory in 1847, Chicago 3) improved farming; reaper became the most significant technology in the Western frontier; reduced labor and slowed the exhaustion of soil J.H.

10-23 Sarah Hale

1) editor of Godey's Lady's Book; magazine only allowed subjects pertaining to the women of that time period and domestic concerns, not politics and religion or other controversial subjects; stated that "other subjects are more important for our sex and more proper for our sphere" 2) after 1837, Philadelphia, P.A. 3) enforced the cult of domesticity and the Republican mother; shaped the culture of the middle class women J.H.

10-21 Oberlin College

1) first college in America to accept female students; stated that "the mutual influence of the sexes upon each other is decidedly happy in the cultivation of both mind and manners" 2) 1837 (allowed 4 female students to enter) 3) shows a change in the perception of women's rights; allowed women to pursue a higher education; relates to Jefferson's Republican Mother vision J.H.

10-24P.T. Barnum

1) showman who opened the American Museum, which was basically a "freak show"; popularized midgets, Siamese twins, magicians, and ventriloquists; museum also featured lectures which drew the attention of many people because they related to current events in that time period 2) 1842, New York 3) created a place for people to spread their leisure time and be enlightened; spread ideas of social reforms such as abolitionism J.H.

10-18 Commonwealth v. Hunt

1. A Massachusetts Supreme Court case to determine a ruling on the subject of labor unions. 2. 1842, in Massachusetts 3. Rules that labor unions were legal if they were organized for a legal purpose and used legal means to reach goals J.S.

10-16 Lowell or Waltham system

1. A labor and production model based mainly in New England that consisted mainly of mill girls to run textile mills 2. Early 19th century 3. As wages fell, strikes began, and when new foreign workers came to America that would work for less the system died off. J.S.

10-19 Central Park

1. A park built in Manhattan, NY due to pressure from members of high society. 2. 1850's - 1873, NY 3. Provided elegant setting for carriage rides, and became the most famous urban park in the United States J.S.

10-4 Know-Nothings

1. A party formed by extreme American nativists. The Know-Nothing party was an outgrowth of the strong anti-immigrant and especially anti-Roman Catholic sentiment that started to manifest itself during the 1840s. By 1852 the Know-Nothing party was achieving phenomenal growth. It did very well that year in state and local elections, and with passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 it won additional adherents from the ranks of conservatives who could support neither the proslavery Democrats nor antislavery Republicans. 2. 1840s to 1856 3. They advocated rigid restrictions on immigration and naturalization and for laws authorizing the deportation of alien paupers. Members, when asked about their nativist organizations, were supposed to reply that they knew nothing, hence the name. Caught in the sectional strife disrupting all national institutions, the American Party fell apart after 1856. Antislavery Know-Nothings joined the Republican Party, while Southern members flocked to the proslavery banner still held aloft by the Democratic Party. K.S.

10-1 Irish Immigrants (push factors and patterns of settlement)

1. After the potato famine of the mid 1840s, a great amount of Irish came to the US to escape starvation. They came to larger cities as they were too poor to move west. Irish faced discrimination as they were Catholic. 2. 2 million arrived between 1830 and 1860 3. Irish immigrants hindered efforts at organized labor because they were willing to work less, making them strike breakers. Voting was swayed by politicians who gained the Irish majority vote. K.S.

10-2 German Immigrants (push factors and patterns of settlement)

1. As a result of the collapse of the Industrial Revolution in Germany, agricultural reform, overpopulation, crop failure, and lack of land in Germany, a great migration to the US began. Most immigrants were uprooted farmers, displaced by crop failures and other hardships. A few were liberal political refugees, saddened by the collapse of democratic revolutions in 1848. Germans mostly pushed out to the mid-west, notably Wisconsin where they established model farms 2. Over 1.5 million came to America between 1830 and 1860. 3. Like the Irish, the Germans formed an influential body of voters who politicians influenced for votes. Introduced beer, which they drank in huge quantities. Old world drinking habits gave a severe setback to the temperance movement. K.S.

10-12 Corporations

1. By the 1830s however states were beginning to pass general incorporation laws, under which a group could secure a charter merely by paying a fee. 3. The rise of these new corporations made possible the accumulation of much greater amounts of capital and hence made possible much larger manufacturing and business enterprises. J.H.

10-9 Samuel F.B. Morse and the Telegraph

1. Communication device Telegraph introduced by Samuel F.B. Morse. 2. Became a part of American life in 1844. 3. Solve the problem of long-distance communication. Led to a connection of 50,000 miles of wire in most parts of the country. Led to the Pacific telegraph with 3,595 miles of wire, opened between New York and San Francisco. A.L

10-17 "Express Contract"

1. Contract between a worker and an employee calling for more than 10 work hours a day 2. Mid 19th century 3. Little laborers could do about it, most were forced into signing before being hired. J.S.

10-13 Technological Innovations

1. Created to make America a more productive and efficient nation and it also made us a better industrial nation. 3. Interchangeable Parts created by Eli Whitney and also the cotton gin which helped increase the amount of cotton picked really helped the south's economy. Mr. Lowell crated the 1st mill in America that processes spinning and weaving under a single roof.

10-11 Associated press

1. In 1846 newspaper publishers from around the nation formed this group to promote cooperative news gathering by wire. 3. No longer did they have to depend on the cumbersome exchange of newspapers for out-of-town reporters. J.H.

10-3 Nativists

1. People who hate/fear immigration. Irish and German immigration inflamed this hatred, also known as antiforeignism. 2. Most likely 1830 to 1860 3. Catholics began to construct an entirely separate Catholic educational system (Irish and large minority of Germans were Catholic; seen as from "foreign" church). By 1850, Catholics became the largest religious group in America. K.S.

10-7 Erie Canal

1. Provided a route to the Great Lakes from New York to the West. Connected the East to the West. 2. Started being built in 1817 and finished in 1825. 3. The canal gave New York direct access to Chicago and the growing markets of the West. New York could now compete with New Orleans as a destination for agricultural goods. A.L

10-20 Safety valve

1. The West, being a place for people to go as the population and population pressure increased 2. Mid 19th century - 1890 3. Provided new settlement for the increasing population, but this rush ended in 1890 due to no more frontier J.S

10-15 Sarah Bagley

1. founder of the lowell female labor system organization. They demanded better paying wages and improvements conditions in the mills 2. 1845 3. first women to be a labor editor women rights activist J.H.

10-14 Factory girl association

1. staged strike to protest a 25 % wage cut. It failed and a recession in 1837 destroyed the organization 2.1834 3.led to the founding of the female labor reform association J.H.

10-5 Turnpike Era (dates and sig)

2. 1790 (First Turnpike) , Pennsylvania 3. Tolls were collected; drivers confronted with barrier of sharp spikes until toll is paid. The Turnpike era led to the construction of the National Road, which became a vital highway to the west. K.S.

10-6 Canal Era(dates and sig)

Dates: Started in the 1820s and the 1830s Significance: Led to the importance of canals and steamboats. Let the building of the Eerie Canal. Led to Water connections between the East and the West by using the Great Lakes as the connector. A.L

10-8 1st Railroad Era(Dates and sig)

Dates: Started in the 1820s; became important in 1840s Significance: Railroads gradually supplanted canals and all other modes of transport. Became the primary transportation system for the United States. Sped up transportation for goods and many other things from West to the East. A.L

10-10 Steam cylinder rotary press(defsig)

Definition: Invention by Richard Hoe that made it possible to print newspaper rapidly and cheaply. Significance: Along with the Telegraph, it made possible much speedier collection and distribution of news than ever before. Formed the Associated Press that promoted cooperative news gathering by wire. A.L