Apush chapter 11

In 1850, a majority of southern slaveholders owned how many slaves?

1 to 5.

Historians estimate that approximately __________slaves per year escaped to the North or Canada.

1,000

In 1860, what percentage of southern white families were in the slaveowning class?

25 percent.

Which statement about Nat Turner's Rebellion is true?

Many southern whites were in a panic after the rebellion.

The U.S. slave population by 1860 was approximately:

4 million.

On the eve of the Civil War, approximately how much of the world's cotton supply came from the southern United States?

75 percent.

One study showed that how many slave men in the South did agricultural work?

90 percent.

What was the biggest fear of a slave of any age?

A family member being sold.

Which of the following would be an example of "silent sabotage"?

A slave on a large plantation slowed down the work pace.

Which state had the fewest free blacks?

Mississippi.

Seeing themselves as a chosen people, blacks viewed which Biblical story as playing a central role in their version of Christianity?

Moses and the exodus from Egypt.

A slave that worked primarily in cotton fields most likely lived in:

Natchez, Mississippi.

Why could someone argue that the North was complicit in the expansion of slavery?

Northern factory demand for cotton steadily increased.

In an 1840 letter written from Canada, fugitive slave Joseph Taper asked for divine blessings upon:

Queen Victoria.

Which of the following is a true statement relative to the Upper South and the Deep South?

Several Upper South states did not join the Confederacy at the time of the Civil War.

Which of the following statements about slavery and the law is true?

Slaves accused of serious crimes were entitled to their day in court, although they faced all-white judges and juries.

When comparing colonial slavery to nineteenth-century slavery, what was a major difference?

Slaves in the nineteenth century had a stronger feeling of connection to Africa.

What did paternalism reinforce?

Slaves need to be watched carefully.

What was the key to developing an African-American slave community?

Slaves needed to have family members near them.

What resulted from the sexual exploitation of slave women?

Some wives of plantation owners resented when this happened and then punished slaves.

What economic effect did southern slavery have on the North?

Southern slavery helped finance industrialization and internal improvements in the North.

From 1800 to 1860, which of the following occurred to the South and its economy?

Because the South was a slave society, most immigrants stayed away.

Which of the following statements is accurate about the work done by southern slaves?

By the time of the Civil War, about 200,000 worked in industrial-type occupations.

In the nineteenth century, which product was the world's major crop produced by slave labor?

Cotton.

The Haitian slave revolt was successful and the attempts by Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner ultimately failed because:

Haiti had a population that was primarily of African heritage while most of the United States had a higher percentage of whites.

After escaping slavery in the South, what was the primary reason why Henry "Box" Brown moved to England?

He feared being recaptured.

Before his execution, how did Nat Turner see himself?

He felt he was dying for the sin of slavery.

What did the Reverend Charles C. Jones of Georgia do that made him different from most other slaveowners?

He improved slave housing and medical care.

What was the name of the vibrant community of former slaves freed by Virginian Richard Randolph?

Israel Hill.

Where did the task labor system originate from?

It was a holdover from the colonial period.

What was the Underground Railroad?

It was a series of interlocking local networks involving abolitionists.

Who said that the language in the Declaration of Independence—that all men were created equal and entitled to liberty—was "the most false and dangerous of all political errors"?

John C. Calhoun.

What role did Christianity play in slavery?

Teaching slaves about Christianity helped to reinforce the owners' ideas on paternalism.

A slave from which state had the best chance of escaping to freedom permanently?

Tennessee

In Joseph Taper's letter to Joseph Long, how does Taper analyze his experience of living in Canada?

The British system allowed for more "pursuit of happiness."

In the New Testament, Jesus did not condemn slavery. What did this mean to southern slaveholders?

The New Testament could be used to endorse slavery.

Northerners who were not abolitionists did what in regards to slavery?

Many hoped to become slave owners.

Which of the following statements about religious life among African-Americans in southern cities is true?

Urban free blacks sometimes formed their own churches.

After an 1831 slave rebellion, which state's legislature debated, but did not approve, a plan for gradual emancipation of slaves in that state?

Virginia.

While the North emphasized egalitarianism, the South stressed:

a code of honor.

John C. Calhoun and George Fitzhugh:

agreed that slavery was not a necessary evil but something actually positive and good.

The slave rebellion aboard the Amistad:

led to a Supreme Court decision freeing the slaves.

Urban slaves:

most often were domestic servants.

The internal slave trade in the United States involved the movement of hundreds of thousands of enslaved persons from:

older states like Virginia to the Lower South.

To qualify as a member of the planter class, a person had to be engaged in southern agriculture and:

own at least twenty slaves.

Free blacks in the South were allowed to:

own property.

Denmark Vesey's conspiracy:

reflected a combination of American and African influences.

In the South, the paternalist ethos:

reflected the hierarchical society in which the planter took responsibility for the lives of those around him.

From 1840 to 1860, the price of a "prime field hand":

rose about 80 percent, which made it harder for southern whites to enter the slaveholding class.

The term "Lords of the Loom" refers to:

early New England factory owners.

What was true of the South and slavery in nineteenth-century America?

The Old South had developed into the largest and most powerful slave society the modern world has known.

Which event is credited with helping to ingrain the paternalist ethos more deeply into the lives of southern slaveholders?

The closing of the African slave trade.

Which of the following would have been a reflection of the paternalist ethos in southern slavery?

The owner felt responsible for his slaves because the slaves could not take care of themselves.

Why did southern slaves live in better conditions by the mid-nineteenth century than those in the Caribbean and South America?

The rising value of slaves made it profitable for slave owners to take better care of them.

The plantation masters had many means to maintain order among their slaves. According to the text, what was the most powerful weapon the plantation masters had?

The threat of sale.

Jumping over a broomstick was a ceremony celebrating:

a slave marriage.

Celia was:

a slave tried for killing her master while resisting a sexual assault.

Andrew Johnson of Tennessee and Joseph Brown of Georgia rose to political power:

as self-proclaimed spokesmen of the common man against the great planters.

The relationship between rich southern planters and poor southern farmers:

benefited in part from a sense of unity bred by criticism from outsiders.

The Brer Rabbit stories of slave folklore:

celebrated how the weak could outsmart the more powerful.

Slave religion:

combined African traditions and Christian beliefs.

Gender roles under slavery:

differed from those of white society because men and women alike suffered a sense of Powerlessness.

Although New Orleans was the only city of significant size in the South, it did not have a rich immigrant culture.

false

As a general rule, slaveowners never allowed their slaves to listen to a white preacher in church.

false

Denmark Vesey's 1822 slave rebellion resulted in the deaths of more than thirty whites in Charleston.

false

Major group slave resistance events occurred more frequently at sea.

false

Most white southern families owned at least one slave.

false

Nat Turner was not a particularly religious man.

false

Overall, slaves did not think much about freedom. They were content with their situation as long as their master was kind.

false

Slave traders tried hard to keep slave families together.

false

Slavery did not affect northern merchants and manufacturers.

false

The respective Canadian and Mexican governments regularly returned escaped slaves to southern slaveholders.

false

Fugitive slaves:

generally understood that the North Star led to freedom.

Southern farmers in the backcountry:

generally worked the land using family labor.

The end of slavery in most Latin American nations:

involved gradual emancipation accompanied by recognition of owners' legal rights to slave Property.

Frederick Douglass argued that:

slaves were truer to the principles of the Declaration of Independence than were most white Americans.

Compared to slave revolts in Brazil and in the West Indies, slave revolts in the United States were:

smaller in scale and less frequent.

Free blacks in the United States:

sometimes became wealthy enough to own slaves.

Defenders of American slavery claimed that British emancipation in the 1830s had been a failure because:

the freed slaves grew less sugarcane, which hurt the economy of the Caribbean.

After 1830, defense of slavery by southerners increased and intensified.

true

After Nat Turner's Rebellion, the Virginia legislature discussed ending slavery in that state.

true

Black Christianity is best described as a blend of African traditions and Christian beliefs.

true

By 1860, the economic investment represented by the slave population exceeded the value of the nation's factories, railroads, and banks combined.

true

By the 1830s, it was illegal to teach a slave to read or write.

true

Despite being forbidden by law to marry, many slaves were able to create a family life on the Plantation.

true

In the southern slave society, white women on plantations were seen as weak and helpless.

true

Paternalism both masked and justified the brutal reality of slavery.

true

Slaves frequently named children after other family members to retain family continuity.

true

Slaves had a few legal rights, but they were not well enforced.

true

Slaves working in the fields generally viewed the overseer as a cruel and heartless man.

true

Some slaves actually used trains to escape to freedom in the North.

true

The internal slave trade was a key component in supporting the cotton kingdom.

true

Unlike in Brazil or the West Indies, there was little room for a mulatto group in the United States.

true

When not in the field, slaves observed more traditional gender roles.

true

Plantation owners dominated U.S. southern life and:

wanted to avoid a Civil War at all costs.

Harriet Tubman:

was a fugitive slave who risked her life many times to bring others out of slavery.

Slave families:

were headed by women more frequently than were white families.