APUSH Chapter 11

What are Aaron Burr's two conspiracies? What are the results of each?

Burr created an alliance with General Wilkinson and tried to separate the western part of the United States from the East and expand a new Confederacy. He later was tried for treason but was convicted not guilty as there was no proof and therefore fled to Europe where he urged Napoleon to make peace with Britain and launch a joint invasion of America. This proved to the US government that it was one thing to purchase large expanses of land but quite another to govern them effectively.

How does Napoleon respond to Macon's Bill No. 2? What gamble does Madison make after this?

France replied saying they might accept the offer if Britain also lifted its orders in Council, this would maneuver the United States into resuming its embargo against the British and creating a blockade against Francis enemy without trying. Madison accepted the offer. (Britain refused to open its ports, saying that it would only trade with America exclusively.)

Why did Napoleon decide to sell Louisiana?

He failed in his efforts to reconquer the island of Santo Domingo, Haiti, for which Louisiana was to serve as a source of food staff, which were no longer needed and he was about to end the conflict with Britain, and because Britain controlled the sea he feared that he might be forced to make them a gift of Louisiana. He hoped that the United States, with Louisiana, would one day be a military and Naval power that would thwart the ambitious British in the New World.

How did Jefferson respond to the Alien and Sedition Act?

He returned the requirement of residency back to 5 years to vote and released many of the victims of the Sedition Act and pardoned their fines.

What did Jefferson view as his mission as president?

He saw it as a way to restore the Republican experiment, to check the growth of the government power, and to help the decay of virtue that has settled under Federalist rule.

Why did Jefferson not want a strong military?

He wanted to be a model for other nations to show that disagreements can be settled through peaceful coercion and not war.

How did Jefferson act when he became president?

He was known for being diplomatic and polite but also appealing to the public and rejected the importance of rank (he was often dressed very casual). He was forced to reverse many of the political principles he had so vigorously championed.

Describe how the United States came to buy the Louisiana Purchase, and explain the significance of this purchase.

The United States obtained over 800,000 square miles of land that they purchased from France an order to have control over in New Orleans, and therefore doubled the size of the United States. Owning this land laid the foundation have a future major power. It enabled Jefferson's vision of an agrarian Republic. It also set a new precedent for future expansion, that one obtaining new territories they would be incorporated into the union with equal membership.

Describe how the Orders in Council, impressment, and the Chesapeake affair are all British challenges to American neutrality.

The orders in Council closed all French ports from foreign shipping (unless they stopped in Britain first) which hurt the US economy. Impressment, the capturing an enlistment of people into the British Navy, resulted in the loss of about 6000 Americans. Impressment then led to the Chesapeake Affair where Britain demanded the surrender of for alleged deserters even though they were not permitted to take them. the American Commander refuse the request and then a British warship fired killing and wounding Americans.

How did New England act towards Madison's war?

They defended old England and try to sabotage the United States by supllying in England with a goods and refusing to fight.

What is the plan of Tecumseh and "the Prophet?" What is the significance of the Battle of Tippecanoe?

They tried to establish a confederacy of all the tribes east of the Mississippi inspiring a movement of unity and cultural renewal where they rejected all European culture. The battle, where the Prophet attacked Harrison's (governor of Indiana territory) Army which resulted in the destruction of the Shawnees settlement. It rose a native into an alliance with Britain.

What significance did war hawks have?

They were the new generation of politicians who encouraged change and were willing to go to war.

Why does Madison feel this war is necessary?

They worried that if America could not fight to protect itself it's experiment and republicanism would be discredited in the eyes of the world.

In what ways does Jefferson show restraint in dealing with Hamilton's economic program?

Though he hated Hamilton and his plan he only remove the excise tax as he felt that it was difficult for farmers.Meaning that they left alone the National Bank, assumption, and the tariffs.

What is the significance of Marshall's ruling in Marbury v. Madison?

It had attempted to assign the Supreme Court powers that the constitution had not foreseen, and it confirmed that the final authority to determine the meaning of the Constitution laid in the hands of the judicial branch.

What effect did the Tripolitan War have on America?

It inspired Jefferson, aside from his original beliefs, to establish a small fleet that would prove valuable in the guarding of American shores.

What problem happens with the results of the Election of 1800, and how is this problem dealt with?

Jefferson the presidential candidate and Burr his vice president receive the same number of electoral votes for presidency. The tie would have to be broken by the House of Representatives. Eventually Jefferson won.

Why does Jefferson's failed attempt to impeach Supreme Court justice Samuel Chase set an important precedent?

Jefferson's attempt to seek revenge on Marshall, He inadvertently set the precedent that no serious attempt to reshape the Supreme Court by the weapon of impeachment would be made. It assured the separation of the 3 branches.

Why is the Election of 1800 called the "Revolution of 1800?"

Jefferson's win represented a turn to what he considered the original spirit of the Revolution. It was also the first peaceful transfer of power between two political parties.

Once Madison becomes president, how does Congress change course with Macon's Bill No. 2?

Macon's Bill No. 2 was made to lure either Britain or France by repealing it's commercial restriction and placing the embargo against the non repealing nation. This reconnected the United States to European powers.

How did the Louisiana Purchase impact natives?

Over the years they would be forcibly removed from their ancestral homes on the basis of questionably valid treaties

How does the embargo actually help American industry?

Since New England couldn't partake in shipping, their biggest industry, they reopened old factories and open new one which set the foundation for modern American industry.

How does the vote on the War of 1812 in Congress reveal a deep sectional division in the United States?

Support for work came from the south and west but also from the Republicans and populists middle States, whereas Federalists in both North and South try to avoid the conflict but the stronghold was in New England which greeted the declaration of war.

How are the Republicans able to win the election over the Federalist?

The Alien and Sedition Acts caused Federalist to gain many enemies, the attacks Adams in the press, and Adams refused to give them a rousing fight with France.

What is the significance of the Embargo Act, and why does it ultimately fail? What action does Congress take when it repeals the embargo?

The Embargo Act was supposed to enforce Jefferson's ideal of peaceful cooperation. Ultimately it hurt the American economy more than a hurt European powers because they were not exporting enough goods to make money, Britain was producing enough crops to support itself, Latin America had begun trading, it wasn't enforced tightly enough on America's side to be effective, and Napoleon had so much of Europe under his control that he could go without trading with America. They replaced the Embargo Act with the Non-Intercourse Act which reopened trade with all nations of the world except Britain and France.

What is the significance of the Judiciary Act of 1801 and the midnight judges?

The Judiciary Act of 1801 was the most important last law passed by the expiring Federalist Congress. It created 16 new federal judgeships and other judicial offices known as the Midnight Judges. This created tensions between the two parties as the jeffersonians feared that the judicial branch would be overpowered by his enemies.

Describe the actions taken by Lewis and Clark's Corps of Discovery.

A group led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were commanded by Jefferson to explore the new western land. They traveled across the Northern Prairie and through the Rockies until they reach the Columbia River and the Pacific coast. It resulted in many scientific observation, knowledge of the Indians in the region, maps, and stories.

How did the Louisiana Purchase relate to Washington's farewell address?

Washington suggested avoiding entanglement with all foreign powers, and by controlling the land that once belonged to France, the United States had removed any potential rivals and separate themselves from European politics.