APUSH Chapter 11 Vocab

New Orleans

At the mouth of the Mississippi. A major port city and the "throat of the American economy." Spain had secretly given it to the French in 1800/1801. Jefferson sent James Monroe and Robert Livingston to France to buy the port of ______. Turned into the Louisiana Purchase.

Shores of Tripoli

During the turn of the century, pirates along this area in the Mediterranean demanded tribute from Americans for "protection". In 1801, Tripoli, unsatisfied with its share of protection money, informally declared war on the US. The ensuing 4 year battle began to prove America's naval strength and intolerance for pirates.

Henry Clay

Henry Clay, Sr. was an American lawyer, politician, and skilled orator who represented Kentucky in both the United States Senate and House of Representatives. He was known as the eloquent and magnetic "Harry of the West." He clamored that he preferred war demanded by honor and independence than what he called "tranquil and putrescent pool of ignominious peace."

Impressment

Impressment refers to the act of taking men into a navy by force and with or without notice. Navies of several nations used forced recruitment by various means. In the war between France and Great Britain, impressment of American sailors was incredibly common to satisfy their man-hungry ( no, not in that way ) ships.

Whispering Campaign

The spread of lies about the John Adams and Thomas Jefferson during the Presidential Campaign ; the Federalists accused Thomas Jefferson of having an affair with one of his slaves, being an atheist, and robbing the trust fund of a widow.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Led the Haitian revolt against France, therefore causing Napoleon to give up his dream of an empire in the Americas. Napoleon then decided to sell the Louisiana Territory.

The Prophet

Native-American spiritual leader in the Northwest Territory. Had one eye and put a curse on the presidents; A shawnee indian leader whose brother was Tecumseh

Barbary States

North African nations; America paid a yearly tribute (bribe) to their rulers to protect American ships. Their demand for an increase tribute would cause the First Barbary War when Jefferson was in office.

Pell-Mell

President Thomas Jefferson took this informal approach to the ceremonial responsibilities of his office--a demeanor he thought appropriate to the leader of a republic. At state dinners, for example, he ignored protocol and invited his guests to sit wherever there was an empty chair.

Samuel Chase

Supreme court justice of whom the Democratic-Republican Congress tried to remove in retaliation of the John Marshall's decision regarding Marbury; was not removed due to a lack of votes in the Senate.

William Henry Harrison

(1841), was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief Constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Chesapeake

...

Jame Madison

...

James Wilkinson

...

War of 1812

..., (1812-1815) fought between the U.S. and the British. The U.S., under President James Madison, was upset with Britain for attacking American ships and impressing American citizens into the British navy, among other issues. The war was fought largely at sea and on the east coast of North America. Neither side was able to win a clear victory, and the Treaty of Ghent ended the war in 1815

Napoleon

..., . Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Sold the Louisiana territory to America under Jefferson's presidency.

Non-Intercourse Act

..., 1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced by Macon's Bill No. 2.

Macon's Bill No. 2

..., 1810 - Forbade trade with Britain and France, but offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. resumed trade with France, but not Britain.

Thomas Jefferson

..., 3rd President of the United States, chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826); head of the Democratic Republicans; believed in strong state government/power; believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution

Tecumseh

..., A Shawnee chief who, along with his brother, Tenskwatawa, a religious leader known as The Prophet, worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes. The league of tribes was defeated by an American army led by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. Tecumseh was killed fighting for the British during the War of 1812 at the Battle of the Thames in 1813.

Sacajawea

..., A Shoshone Indian woman whose language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clark on their expedition.

Lewis and Clark

..., Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase.

Marbury vs Madison

..., The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress, in this case the Judiciary Act of 1789 which was deemed unconstitutional.

Orders in Council

..., edicts that closed European ports to foreign shipping unless they stopped first in a British port

John Adams

..., he appointed Federalist judges to open positions just hours before he left the presidency on the night of March 3, 1801. These were known as the "Midnight Judges" because Adams's term as president ended at midnight.

James Monroe and Robert Livingston

..., men sent by Jefferson to buy New Orleans but instead Purchased all of the Louisiana Territory

Gunboats

..., small boats designed for fighting in shallow areas; favored by Jefferson; was overall disastrous.

Zebulun Pike

..., was an American beet farmer and explorer for whom Pikes Peak in Colorado is named, the person who explored the southern part of the Louisiana Territory

Albert Gallatin

.Albert Gallatin was the secretary of the treasury under Thomas Jefferson. He was called the "Watchdog of the Treasury," and proved to be as able as Alexander Hamilton. He agreed with Jefferson that a national debt was a bane rather than a blessing. Using strict controls of the economy, he succeeded in reducing the debt, and he balanced the budget.

John Marshall

1755-1835. U.S. Chief Supreme Court Justice, carried on the Federalist message after the party was long gone ; Oversaw Marbury v Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland, created the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power, especially the supreme court

Embargo Act

1807 act which ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality rights in exchange for U.S. goods. Really, however, just hurt Americans and our economy and got repealed in 1809.

Midnight Judges

A few weeks before his term as president was over, John Adams signed into law the Judiciary Act of 1801, which reorganized the federal court system. The "midnight judges" were selected by President John Adams, who signed appointments up until midnight on his last day in office. President Jefferson refused to recognize their appointments, leading to the case Marbury v. Madison.

War Hawks

A group of westerners and southerners led by John Calhoun and Henry Clay who pushed for war against Britain. These politicians objected to Britain's hostile policies against US ships, including impressment and the seizure of shipping goods, and advocated fighting instead of submitting to such treatment. They also hoped that through war, the US would win western, southwestern, and Canadian territories.

Judiciary Act of 1801

A law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill posts with Federalists. This would later lead to the Marbury vs Madison case and then be considered unconstitutional because the Constitution did not expressly grant this power to the judiciary.

Aaron Burr

United States politician who served as Vice President under Jefferson for his first term. He kiled Alexander Hamilton in a duel and later tried to form a Confederace in the western U.S. but failed. He revealed the United States's weakness of owned, but ungoverned territory.

Deposit Privileges

rights of Americans to send produce down the Mississippi to its mouth for shipping; were rejected in 1802 by Spaniards