apush chapter 12

Which of the following characterizes the plantation labor system of the southern cotton industry? Select one: A. African American slaves worked from sunup to sundown all year long. B. Immigrants formed an important subgroup of southern plantation laborers. C. Native Americans formed an important subgroup of southern plantation laborers. D. African American slaves were unable to escape the labor system due to planter violence.

A. African American slaves worked from sunup to sundown all year long.

Which of these statements describes the planter aristocrats who lived in the cotton-growing regions of the South in the mid-nineteenth century? Select one: A. Aristocratic planters took the lead in defending slavery as a benevolent social system. B. Cotton planters consciously rejected the luxurious lifestyles adopted by the rice-growing aristocracy. C. Planter aristocrats in the Cotton Belt emphasized the hypocrisy of their Chesapeake counterparts. D. Cotton-planting aristocrats increasingly avoided interference in the lives of their slaves.

A. Aristocratic planters took the lead in defending slavery as a benevolent social system.

Which of the following were core institutions for African American society in the mid-nineteenth-century South? Select one: A. Church and family B. Friendships and kinship C. The American Anti-Slavery Society and Christianity D. Marriage and resistance movements

A. Church and family

Many African American slaves who converted to Christianity compared themselves to which of the following groups? Select one: A. Jews B. Native Americans C. Mormons D. The Irish

A. Jews

Which of these factors explained the surplus of slaves in the Chesapeake region in the early nineteenth century? Select one: A. Population growth through natural reproduction B. The rapid contraction of the region's tobacco market C. Chesapeake planters' hesitancy to work their slaves too hard D. The profitability of the international slave trade

A. Population growth through natural reproduction

Why did the United States decline to annex Texas in 1837? Select one: A. President Van Buren feared that annexation would spark an American civil war over the issue of slavery. B. Texans refused to legalize slavery, which was the only condition on which southern politicians would accept Texan statehood. C. The U.S. Congress refused annexation because it did not want to assume Texas' large Mexican population. D. President Van Buren could not convince the Whig-dominated Senate to accept the treaty.

A. President Van Buren feared that annexation would spark an American civil war over the issue of slavery.

Which statement characterizes the typical relationship between slaves and their masters in the 1850s? Select one: A. Slaves were investments and therefore were generally provided with clothes, shelter, and enough food to keep them healthy. B. White women felt so guilty about their husbands' transgressions with female slaves that they treated those slave women with extra kindness. C. Tobacco planters in Virginia usually treated their slaves more harshly than Mississippi cotton planters. D. Accounts of sexual contact between masters and their slaves were greatly exaggerated and rarely occurred.

A. Slaves were investments and therefore were generally provided with clothes, shelter, and enough food to keep them healthy.

Which of these concepts became a central tenet of slave Christianity in the South in the nineteenth century? Select one: A. Obedience to authority B. All people as children of God C. Original sin D. Predestination

B. All people as children of God

Which of the following describes the changes in slaves' living conditions in the early nineteenth century? Select one: A. Sexual abuse of black women increased because white males on the southwestern frontier knew the law would not punish them. B. As blacks formed stronger social, family, and cultural ties, they resisted the breakup of families through sale by their owners. C. Blacks lost the few work privileges they had gained in the eighteenth century, especially in the lowlands of South Carolina. D. Mutilations of black men increased as whites sought to deter runaways and slave revolts.

B. As blacks formed stronger social, family, and cultural ties, they resisted the breakup of families through sale by their owners.

By 1860, the majority of African Americans lived and worked as slaves in which of the following regions? Select one: A. Midwest B. Deep South C. Northeast D. Upper South

B. Deep South

Which of these factors created a major economic obstacle for small, family farmers aiming to improve their lot in the mid-nineteenth-century South? Select one: A. Competition from immigrant labor B. The cotton revolution C. Poor distribution networks D. Export taxes on their products

B. The cotton revolution

Children born in slave communities in the nineteenth-century South often shared which of these characteristics? Select one: A. Children had few sources of support. B. They were named after family members. C. Children were removed from their families at age three. D. They were raised by their grandmothers.

B. They were named after family members.

The domestic slave trade affected the African American family unit before 1865 by Select one: A. separating adults but not children from their families. B. separating family members through sale and trade. C. destroying 75 percent of black marriages. D. destroying the sense of family.

B. separating family members through sale and trade.

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between the economies of the North and the South in the mid-nineteenth century? Select one: A. The economy of the North was stronger and more prosperous than that of the South. B. Both the South and the North had equally strong economies in 1860. C. The wealth of the industrializing Northeast was increasing more quickly than that of the South. D. Southerners' wealth in slaves made the South's economy ten times stronger than the North's.

C. The wealth of the industrializing Northeast was increasing more quickly than that of the South.

How did planters attempt to resolve a labor crisis in the cotton South in the early nineteenth century? Select one: A. By resorting to buying slaves from the British in Canada B. By beginning to import European peasant immigrants as servants C. By refusing to take part illegally in the international slave trade D. By buying domestic slaves from the Chesapeake region

D. By buying domestic slaves from the Chesapeake region

What prevented white southerners from working to diversify their economy in the nineteenth century? Select one: A. Wealthy southern investors believed agricultural labor was more virtuous than industrial labor. B. Southerners did not want to exploit white workers economically. C. Southerners resisted railroad construction because they believed it would divide large landholdings. D. Wealthy planters believed that the plantation economy would continue to produce wealth indefinitely.

D. Wealthy planters believed that the plantation economy would continue to produce wealth indefinitely.