apush chapter 18

By 1890, populations in the biggest urban areas A. consisted mostly of foreign-born immigrants and their children. B. experienced massive growth even where there was little immigration. C. increased mainly as a result of longer life expectancy. D. soared as the rates of infant mortality and disease significantly declined. E. rose as the number of children born into urban families doubled.

A

By the 1890s, the largest number of immigrants to the United States came from A. southern and eastern Europe. B. Great Britain and Germany. C. Ireland and Italy. D. China and Japan. E. Mexico and Central America.

A

Compared to most other immigrant ethnic groups in the late nineteenth century, Jewish immigrants A. All these answers are correct. B. huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods. C. both advanced rapidly economically, and huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods. D. placed a high value on education. E. advanced rapidly economically.

A

During the late nineteenth century, all of the following innovations occurred in consumer goods EXCEPT the A. formation of credit card companies. B. development and mass production of tin cans. C. emergence of ready-made clothing. D. ability to refrigerate foods artificially. E. opening of large department stores.

A

In 1869, Princeton and Rutgers played the first intercollegiate game in America of A. football. B. boxing. C. soccer. D. basketball. E. baseball.

A

In the 1890s, Florence Kelley and the National Consumers League sought to A. force retailers and manufacturers to improve wages and working conditions for women workers. B. protect family businesses from the competition of corporate retailers. C. encourage immigrants to become greater consumers. D. All these answers are correct. E. improve the safety and quality of consumer products.

A

In the 1890s, Jacob Riis A. crusaded to expose political corruption in major American cities. B. favored stopping immigration as a way to improve urban American cities. C. pushed for the creation of mass transit systems and outlying suburbs in America's cities. D. reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements. E. documented the stories of wealthy Americans who came from humble origins.

A

Tenement buildings in urban America were A. initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor. B. considered luxury housing by most urban residents. C. subsidized by city governments. D. intended to be occupied as single-family dwellings. E. first constructed in Chicago in the 1880s.

A

The 1920 census of the United States revealed that A. a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas. B. the western frontier had ended. C. for the first time since 1790, American women outnumbered men. D. the majority of the nation's population had arrived as immigrants since 1880. E. California was now the most populous state.

A

The designers of New York City's Central Park A. deliberately created a public space that would look as little like the city as possible. B. initially wanted it to be exclusively accessible to the wealthy of the city. C. were hoping that the park could be a source of local agriculture and food production. D. thought of the park as a place where city government could meet in the open air. E. tried to make it a meeting place for immigrant leaders.

A

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the growth of newspapers A. was largely due to national population growth. B. saw circulation increase much more rapidly than the general population. C. did not coincide with a rise in journalists' salaries. D. led to a significant decline in the telegraph industry. E. resulted in most large cities being serviced by one dominant paper.

B

In 1894, the population density of Manhattan was A. greater than in all major American cities except Boston. B. greater than the most crowded European cities. C. significantly lower than the density of New York today. D. significantly lower than that of most major European cities. E. equal to the density of Paris.

B

In the late nineteenth century, American universities A. significantly grew in number due to the Morrill Land Grant Act, and began to form relationships with the private sector and government. B. All these answers are correct. C. began to form relationships with the private sector and the government. D. significantly grew in number due to the Morrill Land Grant Act. E. were sometimes started by philanthropists that wanted to perpetuate their family names.

B

In the late nineteenth century, crime in large American urban centers A. was often blamed on the violent proclivities of immigrant groups, and led many city governments to create larger and more professional public police departments. B. All these answers are correct. C. was often blamed on the violent proclivities of immigrant groups. D. swelled in the twenty years between 1880 and 1900. E. led many city governments to create larger and more professional public police departments.

B

In the late nineteenth century, efforts to reduce poverty in America A. included federally-funded studies attempting to identify the causes of poverty. B. saw charitable organizations try to limit aid to only those deemed "deserving poor." C. saw the Salvation Army focus primarily on establishing shelters for the homeless. D. included public works programs funded by municipal property taxes. E. generally were led by reformers who had grown up in impoverished communities.

B

In the late nineteenth century, political "machines" in cities owed their existence to A. the potential voting power of large immigrant communities. B. the rapid growth of urban America and the potential voting power of large immigrant communities. C. disillusionment with heavy-handed and powerful city governments. D. the rapid growth of urban America. E. the potential voting power of large immigrant communities and disillusionment with powerful city governments.

B

In the late nineteenth century, urban political bosses did all of the following EXCEPT A. provide material assistance to the poor. B. reduce the costs of city services. C. reward followers with patronage. D. enrich themselves through graft and corruption. E. win votes for their political organization.

B

In the nineteenth century, vaudeville theater A. only employed white performers. B. consisted of a variety of stage acts. C. had been created in the United States. D. both consisted of a variety of stage acts, and only employed white performers. E. None of these answers is correct.

B

Roughly what percentage of the populations of Chicago, New York, and Detroit was made up of immigrants by 1890? A. 20-30 percent B. 80-90 percent C. 50-60 percent D. 40-50 percent E. 60-70 percent

B

The nineteenth-century game of "rounders" became the modern sport of A. basketball. B. baseball. C. soccer. D. football. E. golf.

B

According to the philosophy of pragmatism, society should be guided by A. religious faith. B. inherited ideals. C. scientific inquiry. D. democratic tradition. E. moral principles.

C

In the early twentieth century, efforts to improve environmental problems in American cities A. were nonexistent. B. did not yet include the construction of sewage disposal systems. C. included a new federal environmental regulatory agency. D. focused on the wealthy and ignored the urban poor. E. led many cities to ban horses from their streets.

C

The American artistic movement known as the "Ashcan school" A. was most identified with the work of John Singer Sargent. B. was strongly influenced by Old World masters. C. included the painter Edward Hopper. D. portrayed an idealized image of rural life. E. rejected expressionism and abstraction as artistic fads.

C

The primary goal of the American Protective Association was to A. require immigrants to sign loyalty oaths to the United States government. B. limit immigration to those who already had relatives living in the United States. C. stop immigrants from entering the United States. D. make English the official language of the United States. E. give "native" Americans preference over immigrants in employment opportunities.

C

The principal force behind the creation of great public buildings in the late nineteenth century was A. community service organizations. B. ethnic political machines. C. wealthy residents. D. state governments. E. the federal government.

C

Which American thinker is LEAST associated with study using scientific methods? A. Charles Darwin B. John Dewey C. Henry James D. Charles S. Peirce E. Edward A. Ross

C

Which statement about education in the late nineteenth century is FALSE? A. Educational opportunities extended to Indian tribes as well. B. It was a period of rapid expansion for public schools. C. Funding for public education was highest in rural areas. D. By 1900, most states required compulsory school attendance. E. Southern blacks had far less access to education than southern whites.

C

Between 1890 and 1910, incomes in the United States A. grew more unequal, while the middle class shrunk. B. declined for most unskilled workers. C. increased for white Americans, but decreased for most other ethnic groups. D. remained the same for most Americans. E. rose for almost all Americans.

E

At the turn of the twentieth century, motion pictures A. All these answers are correct. B. operated under strict morality codes. C. both were the first true mass entertainment medium, and operated under strict morality codes. D. were the first true mass entertainment medium. E. had been invented by D. W. Griffith.

D

Charles Darwin's theories of evolution met initial resistance from A. scientists. B. theologians. C. educators. D. All these answers are correct. E. both theologians and educators.

D

Compared with the first generation, second-generation immigrants were more likely to A. hold on to their old ethnic habits. B. lose faith in the United States due to the hardships they experienced. C. resist external social pressures to assimilate. D. break from their traditional culture. E. return to the Old World for good.

D

In 1894, the Immigration Restriction League A. sought a ban on immigrants from Europe, but not Asia. B. called for the establishment of a tax on all immigrants. C. pushed strongly for the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act. D. proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter. E. sought a ban on all immigration to the United States for fifteen years.

D

In the late nineteenth century, immigrants in the United States A. took up semi-skilled craft jobs. B. avoided ports like Ellis Island for fear they would be denied entry. C. settled overwhelmingly in the relatively empty Northwest. D. generally lacked the capital to buy farmland. E. were generally better educated than immigrants who arrived a generation before.

D

In the late nineteenth century, the Tammany Hall political machine A. All these answers are correct. B. operated out of Chicago. C. was one of the few machines that did not engage in graft and corruption. D. saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison. E. operated out of Chicago and saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison.

D

The national network of grocery stores that started in the 1870s was A. Seven-Eleven. B. Food Lion. C. Harris Teeter. D. A&P. E. Piggly Wiggly.

D

By 1900, the transportation systems of American cities included A. electric trolleys and cable cars. B. subways. C. elevated railroads. D. suspension bridges. E. All these answers are correct.

E

During the early decades of the twentieth century, most Americans began to view leisure time as A. the equivalent of laziness. B. the province solely of children and the elderly. C. something reserved for the extremely wealthy. D. something not attainable for the average worker. E. increasingly desirable.

E

During the late nineteenth century, college education for American women A. offered no coeducational opportunities. B. had no real effect on the marrying age of nineteenth-century women. C. did not exist. D. allowed women to be schooled only by male faculty. E. had expanded significantly.

E

In 1882, the first group of immigrants to be excluded from the United States on the basis of nationality were A. Mexicans. B. Irish. C. Japanese. D. Slavs. E. Chinese.

E

In the late nineteenth century, leisure activities tended to be divided by A. class. B. race. C. gender. D. both race and gender. E. All these answers are correct.

E

In the late nineteenth century, many immigrants to the United States A. read English-language newspapers and frequented chain stores. B. found the transition to their new country to be fairly easy. C. totally cut their links to their native countries. D. were already experienced as urban-dwelling, industrial workers. E. formed close-knit ethnic communities within cities.

E

In the late nineteenth century, suburbs on the edges of American cities were largely populated by A. very wealthy people. B. people from all income backgrounds. C. the working class. D. very poor people. E. moderately well-to-do people.

E

In the late nineteenth century, the assimilation of immigrants was encouraged by A. church leaders. B. the sale of American products. C. public education. D. religious reform. E. All these answers are correct.

E

The "city beautiful" movement in the United States was inspired, in part, by A. None of these answers is correct. B. the new technology of skyscrapers. C. the economic depression of 1893. D. both the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, and the new technology of skyscrapers. E. the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago.

E

Which American writer is LEAST associated with the trend toward social realism in literature in the late nineteenth century? A. Theodore Dreiser B. Upton Sinclair C. Frank Norris D. Stephen Crane E. Mark Twain

E

Which of the following statements regarding Coney Island is FALSE? A. The park experienced phenomenal popularity. B. The park provided an escape from the genteel standards that dictated social behavior at the time. C. The park provided lavish reproductions of exotic places and spectacular adventures. D. The average daily attendance at Luna Park in 1904 was 90,000 people. E. The park developed a reputation for wholesome family attractions.

E