APUSH chapter 2-5
by 1775, what was the largest non-English ethnic group in colonial America?
African
describe the make-up of population of the thirteen American colonies?
African=19% German&scottish both =7% each scots irish = 5% irish = 3% dutch=3% other european=9%
the statues governing slavery in the North American colonies originated in?
Barbados
who headed the late 17th century rebellion in New York? Maryland?
Leisler- NY Protestants- Maryland
describe the social and political conditions of England as the 17th century opened up?
Political: laws of primogeniture- only eldest sons can inherit estates, joint-stock-company social: population mushrooming, thousands of unemployed people went to the cities after the economic depression
why was the jury's decision in the case of John Peter Zenger, a newspaper printer, significant?
banner of achievement for freedom of the press and the health of democracy
describe the impact of New England on the rest of the nation
incalculable- sprinkled land with new communieits modeled by them, spread "yankee ingenuity", "new england conscience" from the Puritan heritage left a legacy
throughout the greater part of the 17th century, where di the Chesapeake colonies acquired most of the labor from?
indentured servants
while slavery might have begun in America for economic reasons, how did it evolve?
it evolved into racial discrimination
what was the Great Awakening and why was it significant?
it was a period of religious revival in the 18th century. Sermons were dense and full of stuff that was boring they lost the attention of the people. Pastors like George Whitefield then began giving sermons that would emotionally engage the audience...this revived religion in America and united the people created new denominations
Describe the historical significance of the Pilgrims of Plymouth Bay?
it was big morally/ spiritually
the financial means for England's first permanent colonization in america was provided by?
joint stock companies
although manufacturing in the colonies was of only secondary importance, what did they produce?
kill devil rum, beaver hats, iron forges, household manufacturing, .... lumbering- most important manufacturing activity
describe how the poor soil affected life and the economic development in New England?
less ethnically mixed than southern neighbors- non english immigrants were less attracted to bad soil -soil/climate encouraged a diversified agriculture and industry; staple products didnt flourish&black slavery couldnt exist
it was typical of colonial New England adults to do what?
marry young and have many children
who reaped the greatest benefit from the land policies of the headright system?
masters
describe the economy of the colony of Pennsylvania?
no tax-supported state church; welcomed carpenters, masons, shoemakers, other workers; liberal land policy
describe the attitude of Carolinians toward Indians?
ongoing tragedy of bloody relations- Tuscarora War (sold hundreds into slavery after they attacked a settlement at New Bern)
describe colonial elections?
only available to land owning males
describe the puritans view of the role of government?
provincial government (not a democracy) ; churched men could vote & town governments had majority rule show of hands .. freemen annually elected the governor
Indian policy in early Pennsylvania can be described as?
quakers were fair and peaceful but as other non-european immigrants started migrating into pennsylvania, they undermined the Quaker's benevolent policy toward the indians
describe the impact of rapid population growth on colonial America during the 18th century?
ratio of English to Americans fell- shift in balance of power between colonies and British
why did the Salem witchcraft trials happen?
reflected the widening social stratification of New ENgland and the fear of many religious traditions that the puritan heritage was being eclipsed by Yankee commercialism
New York and Pennsylvania were similar in that they both...?
religious toleration, freedom of speech, people elected government (representative assembly)
after the purchases of slaves in 1619 by Jamestown settlers, additional purchases of Africans were few because..?
the blacks were too costly
what did puritan religious beliefs allow?
the could do most of the stuff they just couldnt go against their Religious leaders ???
Generally, during the early years of colonization, describe England's relationship to the New World?
they paid little attention to the colonies because of the English Civil War and the crown struggling to retain its power
how were North Carolina and Rhode Island similar?
two outposts= most democratic, most independent minded, least aristocratic
in Puritan doctrine, the "elect" were also referred to as?
visible saints
the summoning of Virginia's House of Burgesses marked an important precedent because it..?
was the first of many mini parliaments to form in America
describe the headright system
whoever paid passage of laborer received 50 acres of land
describe the characteristics of Slave Christianity and faith?
-fused elements of African/western traditions and drew on conclusions from scripture -often used outward religious songs to encode messages
describe the picture of society in colonial america that is emerging from new scholarship?
...
describe the events and conditions at home that led England to colonization?
Elizabeth energized england, England defeated the Spanish Armada, new spirit of patriotism
describe the conditions faced by the powhatans and the colonist's relationship with them?
Powhatans- cheiftain Powhatan dominated other native peoples and a few dozen small tribes in the James River area. Starving colonists took to raiding Indian food supplies. -Powhatans fell to 3 D's: disease, disorganization, disposability (smallpox, lacked unity to oppose the military whites, provided no labor source for VIrginians; disposable)
following events in chronological order?
Protestant Reform, founding of Plymouth, Puritan migration, founding of Rhode Island
in colonial america, education was most zealously promoted by whom?
Puritan New England
describe the difference between Separatists and Puritans
Separatists: dedicated extremists-purest Puritans Puritans: sought to reform the Church of England from within
arranged the following events in chronological order: the founding of Georgia, the Carolinas, Virginia, Maryland?
Virginia, Maryland, Carolinas, Georgia
how did the guarantee that English settlers in the New World would retain the "Rights of englishmen" affect the colonies?
a century and a half later it fed the resentment of the colonists against a country that wanted its independence
the Mayflower Compact can be best described as?
a simple agreement to form a crude government and submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon
what was the Half-Way Covenant?
admitted baptism (not the "full communion") - the children of baptized but not-yet-converted existing members
what was the leading industry in the American colonies?
agriculture
What was the purpose of the New England Confederation?
as a defense against foes or potential foes-notably the Indians, French, Dutch
despite its problems, Maryland prospered, and how was it experience similar to Virginia?
blossomed in acres of tobacco, depended on mainly white indentured servants for labor, unusual freedom of worship by Lord Baltimore
in the 17th century, due to high death rates, in what part of the colonies were families both few and fragile?
chesapeake - (virginia&maryland)
describe the use/impact of taverns in Colonial America?
clearinghouses of information& rumors- important in crystallizing public opinion and were hotbeds of agitation as the rev. movement gathered momentum CRADLE OF DEMOCRACY
what impact did the cultivation of tobacco have on Jamestown?
colonists needed more land than ever so they pressed the frontier of settlement to the west, edging against the Indians; put the colony on firm econ foundations
as the founder of Rhode ISland, Roger Williams believed?
complete freedom of religion- no oaths regarding religious beliefs, no mandatory church attendance, no taxes to support a state church
why was tobacco considered a poor man's crop?
could be planted easily, produced commercially marketable leaves in a year, required simple processing.
what was the biggest disrupter of Native American life?
disease
the early years at Jamestown were mainly characterized by?
disease and despair - of the 400 only 60 survived the winter of 1609
what was the most ethnically diverse region of colonial America? what was the least ethnically diverse?
diverse: Middle colonies least: New England
as the Revolution approached, what role did Presbyterian and Congregational ministers fill?
encouraged rebellion
what characteristics did the middle colonies share?
fertile soil, broad land, exports of grain, rivers, industry (lumbering/ shipbuilding)
bacon's rebellion was supported mainly by?
frontiersmen who had been forced into untamed backcountry in search of arable land--> resented Berkelys friendly indian polich
what was the impact of the spread of slavery in the south?
gap of social structured widened...planters who owned gangs of slave/land ruled regions economy and dominated politics
describe Marylands Act of Toleration?
guaranteed toleration to all Christians- death penalty for jews&atheists. Temporarily extended cloak of protection to catholic minority
Anne Hutchinson, a dissenter in Massachusetts Bay, believed..?
holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of God or man ; "antinomianism"
the New England economy depended heavily on what?
shipbuliding/commerce/cod fishing
in contrast to the 17th century, by 1775, how had society in colonial america transformed?
signs of barriers and stratification to mobility- less open social ladder
in Calvinist thought, the "conversion" was?
signs that you have the receipt of God's free gift of saving grace
compare&contrast the experience in the southern and New England colonies?
similar: common language/ allegiance to Mother England contrast: different economies, patterns of settlement, pol. systems; promises of riches-> settlers to southern colonies & not wealth but religious devotion-> north
by 1750, what characterized all the southern plantation colonies?
slavery
King Philip's War resulted in..?
slowed the westward march of English settlement in New England for several decades
describe the characteristics of new towns that were established in New England
small villages and farms, legally chartered by colonial authorities, distribution of land to "proprietors"-- meetinghouse surrounded by houses
describe culture in colonial America?
still enthralled in European tastes, esp. British architecture was imported from Old world and modified to meet climatic/religious conditions of the New World
what was the result of Bacons Rebellion?
tensions from the resentment of landless former servants
by 1775, who appointed most governors in the American colonies?
the King